The Adaptive Alternation of Intestinal Microbiota and Regulation of Host Genes Jointly Promote Pigs to Digest Appropriate High-Fiber Diets
<p>The comparison of microbial diversity of Tunchang pigs among groups. Alpha diversity of cecal microbiota (<b>a</b>) and colonic microbiota (<b>b</b>). Anoism test of cecal microbiota (<b>c</b>) and colonic microbiota (<b>d</b>) based on Bray–Curtis distance.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>The intestinal microbial composition in the cecum and colon of Tunchang pigs evaluated at the phylum (<b>a</b>) and genus (<b>b</b>) level. The LDA analysis in the cecum (<b>c</b>) and colon (<b>d</b>).</p> "> Figure 3
<p>The predicted functions of cecal microbiota of Tunchang pigs based on PICRUSt analysis (<b>a</b>). Significantly changed microbial functions of KEGG (<b>b</b>) and MetaCyc (<b>c</b>). <sup>#</sup> <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05 compared with group A. Significantly changed SCFAs (<b>d</b>). * <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05; ns, not significant.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>The top 20 differentially expressed genes between group A and B (<b>a</b>) in the cecum of Tunchang pigs. KEGG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (<b>b</b>). Relative expression of several genes as determined by quantitative real-time PCR (<b>c</b>). AQP8, aquaporin 8; SLC5A8, solute carrier family 5 member 8; PYY, peptide YY; CKM, creatine kinase, M-type; CNN1, calponin 1. <sup>#</sup> <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup> <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.01.</p> ">
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals, Diets and Sampling
2.2. Chemical Analysis
2.3. 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
2.4. Transcriptome Sequencing
2.5. Quantitative Real-Time PCR
2.6. Bioinformatics and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Growth Performance Was Not Adversely Affected by Dietary Fiber Level
3.2. Fiber Apparent Digestibility Significantly Improved with Dietary Fiber Increasing
3.3. High Fiber Level Altered the Diversity of Cecal and Colonic Microbiota
3.4. High Fiber Level Increased the Relative Abundance of Intestinal Microbiota Related to Fiber Degradation
3.5. Dietary Fiber Promotes the Increase in the Functionality Activity of the Microbiota and SCFAs
3.6. Differentially Expressed Genes Related to Roughage Tolerance in the Cecum
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Items | Group A | Group B | Group C |
---|---|---|---|
Ingredient (%) | |||
Corn | 60.95 | 56.50 | 52.00 |
Soybean meal | 28.00 | 25.30 | 24.10 |
Wheat bran 1 | 2.00 | 9.50 | 15.50 |
Grease meal | 3.00 | 2.80 | 2.60 |
Fish meal | 2.00 | 1.85 | 1.75 |
Antifungal agent 2 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
Premix 3 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 |
Nutrient level 4 | |||
CP (%) | 16.54 | 16.36 | 16.20 |
CF (%) | 3.57 | 4.34 | 5.00 |
DE (MJ/KG) | 15.10 | 15.09 | 15.07 |
Items | Group A | Group B | Group C | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Initial weight (kg) | 41.63 ± 2.74 | 45.75 ± 1.10 | 43.75 ± 3.14 | 0.38 |
Final weight (kg) | 82.81 ± 13.17 | 80.86 ± 9.56 | 80.44 ± 14.43 | 0.93 |
ADG (kg/d) | 0.36 ± 0.10 | 0.31 ± 0.08 | 0.32 ± 0.11 | 0.60 |
ADFI (kg/d) | 1.68 ± 0.34 | 1.51 ± 0.22 | 1.59 ± 0.35 | 0.60 |
F/G | 4.72 ± 0.61 | 4.94 ± 0.65 | 5.08 ± 0.73 | 0.62 |
Items | Group A | Group B | Group C | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
CP | 0.86 ± 0.01 | 0.87 ± 0.03 | 0.87 ± 0.02 | 0.98 |
CF | 0.59 ± 0.07 a | 0.73 ± 0.03 b | 0.76 ± 0.01 b | 0.00 |
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Zhang, Y.; Li, H.; Li, B.; He, J.; Peng, C.; Xie, Y.; Huang, G.; Zhao, P.; Wang, Z. The Adaptive Alternation of Intestinal Microbiota and Regulation of Host Genes Jointly Promote Pigs to Digest Appropriate High-Fiber Diets. Animals 2024, 14, 2076. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14142076
Zhang Y, Li H, Li B, He J, Peng C, Xie Y, Huang G, Zhao P, Wang Z. The Adaptive Alternation of Intestinal Microbiota and Regulation of Host Genes Jointly Promote Pigs to Digest Appropriate High-Fiber Diets. Animals. 2024; 14(14):2076. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14142076
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Yunchao, Hui Li, Bengao Li, Jiayi He, Chen Peng, Yanshe Xie, Guiqing Huang, Pengju Zhao, and Zhengguang Wang. 2024. "The Adaptive Alternation of Intestinal Microbiota and Regulation of Host Genes Jointly Promote Pigs to Digest Appropriate High-Fiber Diets" Animals 14, no. 14: 2076. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14142076