research-article

InteractOut: Leveraging Interaction Proxies as Input Manipulation Strategies for Reducing Smartphone Overuse

Authors:

Hongxiao Zheng,

Tianying Zhang,

Xuhai “Orson” Xu,

Anhong GuoAuthors Info & Claims

CHI '24: Proceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Article No.: 245, Pages 1 - 19

https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642317

Published: 11 May 2024 Publication History

Abstract

Smartphone overuse poses risks to people’s physical and mental health. However, current intervention techniques mainly focus on explicitly changing screen content (i.e., output) and often fail to persistently reduce smartphone overuse due to being over-restrictive or over-flexible. We present the design and implementation of InteractOut, a suite of implicit input manipulation techniques that leverage interaction proxies to weakly inhibit the natural execution of common user gestures on mobile devices. We present a design space for input manipulations and demonstrate 8 Android implementations of input interventions. We first conducted a pilot lab study (N=30) to evaluate the usability of these interventions. Based on the results, we then performed a 5-week within-subject field experiment (N=42) to evaluate InteractOut in real-world scenarios. Compared to the traditional and common timed lockout technique, InteractOut significantly reduced the usage time by an additional 15.6% and opening frequency by 16.5% on participant-selected target apps. InteractOut also achieved a 25.3% higher user acceptance rate, and resulted in less frustration and better user experience according to participants’ subjective feedback. InteractOut demonstrates a new direction for smartphone overuse intervention and serves as a strong complementary set of techniques with existing methods.

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Cited By

Wu RYu CPan XLiu YZhang NFu YWang YZheng ZChen LJiang QXu XShi Y(2024)MindShift: Leveraging Large Language Models for Mental-States-Based Problematic Smartphone Use InterventionProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642790(1-24)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642790
Orzikulova AXiao HLi ZYan YWang YShi YGhassemi MLee SDey AXu X(2024)Time2Stop: Adaptive and Explainable Human-AI Loop for Smartphone Overuse InterventionProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642747(1-20)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642747

Index Terms

InteractOut: Leveraging Interaction Proxies as Input Manipulation Strategies for Reducing Smartphone Overuse

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CHI '24: Proceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

May 2024

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ISBN:9798400703300

DOI:10.1145/3613904

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Wu RYu CPan XLiu YZhang NFu YWang YZheng ZChen LJiang QXu XShi Y(2024)MindShift: Leveraging Large Language Models for Mental-States-Based Problematic Smartphone Use InterventionProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642790(1-24)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642790
Orzikulova AXiao HLi ZYan YWang YShi YGhassemi MLee SDey AXu X(2024)Time2Stop: Adaptive and Explainable Human-AI Loop for Smartphone Overuse InterventionProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642747(1-20)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642747

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