[go: up one dir, main page]

skip to main content
research-article

Detection of Disaster-Affected Cultural Heritage Sites from Social Media Images Using Deep Learning Techniques

Published: 16 August 2020 Publication History
  • Get Citation Alerts
  • Abstract

    This article describes a method for early detection of disaster-related damage to cultural heritage. It is based on data from social media, a timely and large-scale data source that is nevertheless quite noisy. First, we collect images posted on social media that may refer to a cultural heritage site. Then, we automatically categorize these images according to two dimensions: whether they are indeed a photo in which a cultural heritage resource is the main subject, and whether they represent damage. Both categorizations are challenging image classification tasks, given the ambiguity of these visual categories; we tackle both tasks using a convolutional neural network. We test our methodology on a large collection of thousands of images from the web and social media, which exhibit the diversity and noise that is typical of these sources, and contain buildings and other architectural elements, heritage and not-heritage, damaged by disasters as well as intact. Our results show that while the automatic classification is not perfect, it can greatly reduce the manual effort required to find photos of damaged cultural heritage by accurately detecting relevant candidates to be examined by a cultural heritage professional.

    References

    [1]
    Yahaya Ahmad. 2006. The scope and definitions of heritage: from tangible to intangible. Int. J. Heritage Stud. 12, 3 (2006), 292--300.
    [2]
    Firoj Alam, Muhammad Imran, and Ferda Ofli. 2017. Image4Act: Online social media image processing for disaster response. In Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM). IEEE/ACM, Sydney, Australia, 1--4.
    [3]
    Firoj Alam, Ferda Ofli, and Muhammad Imran. 2018. CrisisMMD: Multimodal twitter datasets from natural disasters. In Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM). AAAI, Stanford, CA, 465--473.
    [4]
    Firoj Alam, Ferda Ofli, and Muhammad Imran. 2018. Processing social media images by combining human and machine computing during crises. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact. 34, 4 (2018), 311--327.
    [5]
    Giuseppe Amato, Fabrizio Falchi, and Claudio Gennaro. 2015. Fast image classification for monument recognition. J. Comput. Cult. Herit. 8, 4, Article 18 (August 2015), 25 pages.
    [6]
    Giuseppe Amato, Fabrizio Falchi, and Lucia Vadicamo. 2016. Visual recognition of ancient inscriptions using convolutional neural network and Fisher vector. J. Comput. Cult. Herit. 9, 4, Article 21 (December 2016), 24 pages.
    [7]
    Zahra Ashktorab, Christopher Brown, Manojit Nandi, and Aron Culotta. 2014. Tweedr: Mining twitter to inform disaster response. In ISCRAM.
    [8]
    Nazia Attari, Ferda Ofli, Mohammad Awad, Ji Lucas, and Sanjay Chawla. 2017. Nazr-CNN: Fine-grained classification of UAV imagery for damage assessment. In IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA). IEEE, Tokyo, Japan, 1--10.
    [9]
    Marco Avvenuti, Stefano Cresci, Mariantonietta N La Polla, Andrea Marchetti, and Maurizio Tesconi. 2014. Earthquake emergency management by social sensing. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communication Workshops (PERCOM WORKSHOPS). IEEE, 587--592.
    [10]
    Marco Avvenuti, Stefano Cresci, Andrea Marchetti, Carlo Meletti, and Maurizio Tesconi. 2014. EARS (Earthquake Alert and Report System): A real time decision support system for earthquake crisis management. In Proceedings of the 20th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. ACM, 1749--1758.
    [11]
    Melissa Bica, Leysia Palen, and Chris Bopp. 2017. Visual representations of disaster. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW’17). ACM, New York, NY, 1262--1276.
    [12]
    Luigia Binda, C Modena, F. Casarin, F. Lorenzoni, Lorenzo Cantini, and Stefano Munda. 2011. Emergency actions and investigations on cultural heritage after the LâAquila earthquake: The case of the spanish fortress. Bull. Earthquake Eng. 9, 1 (2011), 105--138.
    [13]
    Alessandra Bonazza, Ingval Maxwell, Miloš Drdácký, Ellizabeth Vintzileou, and Christian Hanus. 2018. Safeguarding Cultural Heritage from Natural and Man-made Disasters -- A Comparative Analysis of Risk Management in the EU. Publications Office, Luxembourg. Retrieved from http://publications.europa.eu/publication/manifestation_identifier/PUB_NC0517059ENN.
    [14]
    Cigdem Bozdag and Kevin Smets. 2017. Understanding the images of alan kurdi with “small data”: A qualitative, comparative analysis of tweets about refugees in turkey and flanders (belgium). Int. J. Comm. 11, 0 (2017). https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/7252.
    [15]
    Gülcan Can, Jean-Marc Odobez, and Daniel Gatica-Perez. 2016. Evaluating shape representations for Maya glyph classification. J. Comput. Cult. Herit. 9, 3, Article 14 (September 2016), 26 pages.
    [16]
    Carlos Castillo. 2016. Big Crisis Data: Social Media in Disasters and Time-critical Situations. Cambridge University Press.
    [17]
    Francois Chollet. 2017. Xception: Deep learning with depthwise separable convolutions. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 1800--1807.
    [18]
    Wei-Ta Chu and Ming-Hung Tsai. 2012. Visual pattern discovery for architecture image classification and product image search. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval (ICMR’12). ACM, New York, NY, Article 27, 8 pages.
    [19]
    Corinna Cortes and Vladimir Vapnik. 1995. Support-vector networks. Mach. Learn. 20, 3 (Sept. 1995), 273--297.
    [20]
    David R. Cox. 1958. The regression analysis of binary sequences. J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B (Methodol.) 20, 2 (1958), 215--242. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2983890.
    [21]
    Johnny Cusicanqui, Norman Kerle, and Francesco Nex. 2018. Usability of aerial video footage for 3-D scene reconstruction and structural damage assessment. Natural Hazards and Earth System Science 18, 6 (2018), 1583--1598.
    [22]
    Navneet Dalal and Bill Triggs. 2005. Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. IEEE, 886--893.
    [23]
    Shannon Daly and James A. Thom. 2016. Mining and classifying image posts on social media to analyse fires. In International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM). ISCRAM, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1--14.
    [24]
    D. Duarte, F. Nex, N. Kerle, and G. Vosselman. 2018. Satellite image classificaiton of building damages using airborne and satellite image samples in a deep learning approach. ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-2 (2018), 89--96.
    [25]
    Simon Faulkner, Farida Vis, and Francesco D’Orazio. 2018. Analysing social media images. In The SAGE Handbook of Social Media, J. Burgess, A. Marwick, and T. Poell (Eds.). SAGE Publications, London, UK, 160--178.
    [26]
    J. Fernandez Galarreta, N. Kerle, and M. Gerke. 2015. UAV-based urban structural damage assessment using object-based image analysis and semantic reasoning. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 15, 6 (2015), 1087--1101.
    [27]
    Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. 2019. General Classification. Retrieved from https://www.emdat.be/classification.
    [28]
    Yoav Freund and Robert E. Schapire. 1997. A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting. J. Comput. System Sci. 55, 1 (Aug. 1997), 119--139.
    [29]
    Cristina Garduño Freeman. 2010. Photosharing on flickr: Intangible heritage and emergent publics. Int. J. Heritage Stud. 16, 4--5 (2010), 352--368.
    [30]
    Ross Girshick et al. 2014. Rich feature hierarchies for accurate object detection and semantic segmentation. In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). 580--587.
    [31]
    Abhinav Goel, Mayank Juneja, and C. V. Jawahar. 2012. Are buildings only instances?: Exploration in architectural style categories. In Proceedings of the Eighth Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing (ICVGIP’12). ACM, New York, NY, Article 1, 8 pages.
    [32]
    Ian Goodfellow, Yoshua Bengio, and Aaron Courville. 2016. Deep Learning. MIT Press. http://www.deeplearningbook.org.
    [33]
    Brian Graham, Greg Ashworth, and John Tunbridge. 2016. A Geography of Heritage: Power, Culture and Economy. Routledge.
    [34]
    Kristy Graham and Dirk H. R. Spennemann. 2006. Heritage managers and their attitudes towards disaster management for cultural heritage resources in New South Wales, Australia. Int. J. Emergency Manage. 3, 2--3 (2006), 215--237.
    [35]
    Larry P. Gross, John Stuart Katz, and Jay Ruby. 2003. Image Ethics in the Digital Age. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN.
    [36]
    Catherine Hartung. 2017. Selfies for/of Nepal: Acts of Global Citizenship and Bearing Witness. Springer International Publishing, Cham. 39--47 pages.
    [37]
    Kaiming He, Xiangyu Zhang, Shaoqing Ren, and Jian Sun. 2016. Deep residual learning for image recognition. In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). 770--778.
    [38]
    Larissa Hjorth and Jean Burgess. 2014. Intimate banalities: The emotional currency of shared camera phone images during the Queensland flood disaster. (2014).
    [39]
    Nadav Hochman and Lev Manovich. 2013. Zooming into an Instagram city: Reading the local through social media. First Monday 18, 7 (2013).
    [40]
    Rui Hu, Jean-Marc Odobez, and Daniel Gatica-Perez. 2017. Extracting Maya glyphs from degraded ancient documents via image segmentation. J. Comput. Cult. Herit. 10, 2, Article 10 (April 2017), 23 pages.
    [41]
    Yuheng Hu, Lydia Manikonda, and Subbarao Kambhampati. 2014. What we Instagram: A first analysis of instagram photo content and user types. Retrieved from https://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM14/paper/view/8118/8087.
    [42]
    Gao Huang, Zhuang Liu, Laurens van der Maaten, and Kilian Q. Weinberger. 2017. Densely connected convolutional networks. In 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2261--2269.
    [43]
    Thomas Hurtut, Yann Gousseau, Farida Cheriet, and Francis Schmitt. 2011. Artistic line-drawings retrieval based on the pictorial content. J. Comput. Cult. Herit. 4, 1, Article 3 (August 2011), 23 pages.
    [44]
    Yasmin Ibrahim. 2015. Self-representation and the disaster event: Self-imaging, morality, and immortality. J. Media Practice 16, 3 (2015), 211--227.
    [45]
    ICOMOS. 1964. The Venice Charter: International for the conservation and restoration of monuments and sites. (1964).
    [46]
    Muhammad Imran, Shady Elbassuoni, Carlos Castillo, Fernando Diaz, and Patrick Meier. 2013. Extracting information nuggets from disaster-related messages in social media. In ISCRAM.
    [47]
    Bente Jensen. 2013. Instagram as cultural heritage: User participation, historical documentation, and curating in museums and archives through social media. In Proceedings of the 2013 Digital Heritage International Congress (DigitalHeritage), Vol. 2. IEEE, 311--314.
    [48]
    Jacob Jett, Megan Senseney, and Carole L. Palmer. 2012. Enhancing cultural heritage collections by supporting and analyzing participation in Flickr. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 49, 1 (2012), 1--4.
    [49]
    Rohit Jigyasu. 2016. Reducing disaster risks to urban cultural heritage: Global challenges and opportunities. Journal of Heritage Management 1, 1 (2016), 59--67.
    [50]
    Rohit Jigyasu, Manas Murthy, Giovanni Boccardi, Christopher Marrion, Diane Douglas, Joseph King, Geoff O’Brien, Glenn Dolcemascolo, Yongkyun Kim, Paola Albrito, et al. 2013. Heritage and resilience: Issues and opportunities for reducing disaster risks. (2013).
    [51]
    Mohammad Kakooei and Yasser Baleghi. 2017. Fusion of satellite, aircraft, and UAV data for automatic disaster damage assessment. Int. J. Remote Sens. 38, 8--10 (March 2017), 2511--2534.
    [52]
    Martin R. Kalfatovic, Effie Kapsalis, Katherine P. Spiess, Anne Van Camp, and Michael Edson. 2008. Smithsonian team Flickr: A library, archives, and museums collaboration in Web 2.0 space. Arch. Sci. 8, 4 (2008), 267--277.
    [53]
    Tamara Kharroub and Ozen Bas. 2016. Social media and protests: An examination of Twitter images of the 2011 Egyptian revolution. New Media Soc. 18, 9 (2016), 1973--1992.
    [54]
    Alex Krizhevsky, Ilya Sutskever, and Geoffrey E. Hinton. 2012. ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 25. 1097--1105.
    [55]
    Ryan Lagerstrom, Yulia Arzhaeva, Piotr Szul, Oliver Obst, Robert Power, Bella Robinson, and Tomasz Bednarz. 2016. Image classification to support emergency situation awareness. Front. Rob. AI 3 (2016), 54.
    [56]
    Xukun Li, Doina Caragea, Cornelia Caragea, Muhammad Imran, and Ferda Ofli. 2019. Identifying disaster damage images using a domain adaptation approach. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM). ISCRAM, Valencia, Spain, 1--13.
    [57]
    Xukun Li, Huaiyu Zhang, Doina Caragea, and Muhammad Imran. 2018. Localizing and quantifying damage in social media images. In Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM). IEEE/ACM, Barcelona, Spain, 194--201.
    [58]
    Jose Llamas, Pedro M. Lerones, Roberto Medina, Eduardo Zalama, and Jaime Gómez-García-Bermejo. 2017. Classification of architectural heritage images using deep learning techniques. Appl. Sci. 7, 10 (2017), 1--25.
    [59]
    David G. Lowe. 2004. Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints. Int. J. Comput. Vision 60, 2 (November 2004), 91--110.
    [60]
    D-Lib Magazine. 2014. Participatory cultural heritage: A tale of two institutions’ use of social media. D-lib Magazine 20, 3/4 (2014).
    [61]
    Michael Makridis and Petros Daras. 2013. Automatic classification of archaeological pottery sherds. J. Comput. Cult. Herit. 5, 4, Article 15 (January 2013), 21 pages.
    [62]
    M. Mathias, A. Martinovic, J. Weissenberg, S. Haegler, and L. Van Gool. 2011. Automatic architectural style recognition. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 3816 (September 2011), 171--176.
    [63]
    Mary Meeker and Liang Wu. 2016. Internet trends report 2016. Kleiner Perkins Caufield Byers (2016).
    [64]
    Yelena Mejova, Ingmar Weber, and Michael W Macy. 2015. Twitter: A Digital Socioscope. Cambridge University Press.
    [65]
    Alexander Mills, Rui Chen, JinKyu Lee, and H. Raghav Rao. 2009. Web 2.0 emergency applications: How useful can Twitter be for emergency response? J. Inf. Privacy Secur. 5, 3 (2009), 3--26. arXiv:https://doi.org/10.1080/15536548.2009.10855867
    [66]
    Marie-Francine Moens, Gareth J. F. Jones, Saptarshi Ghosh, Debasis Ganguly, Tanmoy Chakraborty, and Kripabandhu Ghosh. 2018. WWW’18 Workshop on Exploitation of Social Media for Emergency Relief and Preparedness: Chairs’ Welcome and Organization. In Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2018 (WWW’18). International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee, Republic and Canton of Geneva, Switzerland, 1609--1611.
    [67]
    H. Mouzannar, Y. Rizk, and M. Awad. 2018. Damage identification in social media posts using multimodal deep learning. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM). ISCRAM, Rochester, NY, 529--543.
    [68]
    Dat Tien Nguyen, Firoj Alam, Ferda Ofli, and Muhammad Imran. 2017. Automatic image filtering on social networks using deep learning and perceptual hashing during crises. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. ISCRAM, Albi, France, 499--511.
    [69]
    Dat Tien Nguyen, Ferda Ofli, Muhammad Imran, and Prasenjit Mitra. 2017. Damage assessment from social media imagery data during disasters. In Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM). IEEE/ACM, Sydney, Australia, 569--576.
    [70]
    Alexandra Olteanu, Carlos Castillo, Fernando Diaz, and Emre Kiciman. 2016. Social data: Biases, methodological pitfalls, and ethical boundaries. SSRN Pre-print
    [71]
    Noelia Oses and Fadi Dornaika. 2013. Image-based delineation of built heritage masonry for automatic classification. In Image Analysis and Recognition, Mohamed Kamel and Aurélio Campilho (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, 782--789.
    [72]
    Sharrona Pearl. 2015. Images, Ethics, Technology. Routledge.
    [73]
    M. Pesaresi, A. Gerhardinger, and F. Haag. 2007. Rapid damage assessment of built-up structures using VHR satellite data in tsunami-affected areas. Int. J. Remote Sens. 28, 13--14 (July 2007), 3013--3036.
    [74]
    Koustav Rudra, Subham Ghosh, Niloy Ganguly, Pawan Goyal, and Saptarshi Ghosh. 2015. Extracting situational information from microblogs during disaster events: A classification-summarization approach. In Proceedings of the 24th ACM International on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. ACM, 583--592.
    [75]
    Olga Russakovsky, Jia Deng, Hao Su, Jonathan Krause, Sanjeev Satheesh, Sean Ma, Zhiheng Huang, Andrej Karpathy, Aditya Khosla, Michael Bernstein, Alexander C. Berg, and Li Fei-Fei. 2015. ImageNet large scale visual recognition challenge. International Journal of Computer Vision (IJCV) 115, 3 (2015), 211--252.
    [76]
    Hyunjin Seo. 2014. Visual propaganda in the age of social media: An empirical analysis of Twitter images during the 2012 Israeli--Hamas conflict. Visual Commun. Q. 21, 3 (2014), 150--161.
    [77]
    Pierre Sermanet, David Eigen, Xiang Zhang, Michael Mathieu, Rob Fergus, and Yann LeCun. 2014. OverFeat: Integrated recognition, localization and detection using convolutional networks. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR). CBLS, 16. http://openreview.net/document/d332e77d-459a-4af8-b3ed-55ba.
    [78]
    Gayane Shalunts, Yll Haxhimusa, and Robert Sablatnig. 2011. In Advances in Visual Computing, George Bebis, Richard Boyle, Bahram Parvin, Darko Koracin, Song Wang, Kim Kyungnam, Bedrich Benes, Kenneth Moreland, Christoph Borst, Stephen DiVerdi, Chiang Yi-Jen, and Jiang Ming (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, 280--289.
    [79]
    Karen Simonyan and Andrew Zisserman. 2015. Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR. 14. http://arxiv.org/abs/1409.1556.
    [80]
    Dirk H. R. Spennemann. 1999. Cultural heritage conservation during emergency management: Luxury or necessity? International J. Public Admin. 22, 5 (1999), 745--804.
    [81]
    Michelle Springer, Beth Dulabahn, Phil Michel, Barbara Natanson, David W. Reser, Nicole B. Ellison, Helena Zinkham, and David Woodward. 2008. For the common good: The Library of Congress Flickr pilot project. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, 55.
    [82]
    Zuzana Stanton-Geddes and Salman Anees Soz. 2017. Promoting Disaster Resilient Cultural Heritage. Technical Report. World Bank, Washington, DC.
    [83]
    Christian Szegedy, Sergey Ioffe, Vincent Vanhoucke, and Alexander A. Alemi. 2017. Inception-v4, inception-resnet and the impact of residual connections on learning. In AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI). 4278--4284.
    [84]
    C. Szegedy, Wei Liu, Yangqing Jia, P. Sermanet, S. Reed, D. Anguelov, D. Erhan, V. Vanhoucke, and A. Rabinovich. 2015. Going deeper with convolutions. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). 1--9.
    [85]
    June Taboroff. 2003. Natural disasters and urban cultural heritage: A reassessment. In Building Safer Cities -- the Future of Disaster Risk, Alcira Kreimer, Margaret Arnold, and Anne Carlin (Eds.). World Bank, Washington, DC, Chapter 16, 233--240.
    [86]
    Aparna Tandon. 2017. Post-disaster damage assessment of cultural heritage: Are we prepared? In Proceedings of the ICOM-CC 18th Triennial Conference.
    [87]
    Melissa Terras. 2011. The digital wunderkammer: Flickr as a platform for amateur cultural and heritage content. Library Trends 59, 4 (2011), 686--706.
    [88]
    Tin Kam Ho. 1998. The random subspace method for constructing decision forests. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 20, 8 (Aug. 1998), 832--844.
    [89]
    M. Turker and B. T. San. 2004. Detection of collapsed buildings caused by the 1999 Izmit, Turkey earthquake through digital analysis of post-event aerial photographs. Int. J. Remote Sens. 25, 21 (2004), 4701--4714.
    [90]
    Mustafa Turker and Emre Sumer. 2008. Building-based damage detection due to earthquake using the watershed segmentation of the post-event aerial images. Int. J. Remote Sens. 29, 11 (June 2008), 3073--3089.
    [91]
    UNISDR. 2015. Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction 2015--2030. (2015).
    [92]
    Anand Vetrivel, Markus Gerke, Norman Kerle, Francesco Nex, and George Vosselman. 2018. Disaster damage detection through synergistic use of deep learning and 3D point cloud features derived from very high resolution oblique aerial images, and multiple-kernel-learning. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens 140 (June 2018), 45--59.
    [93]
    Farida Vis, Simon Faulkner, Katy Parry, Yana Manyukhina, and Lisa Evans. 2013. Twitpic-ing the riots: Analysing images shared on Twitter during the 2011 UK riots. In Twitter and Society, K. Weller, A. Bruns, J. Burgess, M. Mahrt, and C. Puschmann (Eds.). Vol. 89. New York:Peter Lang, 385--398. http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/79098/.
    [94]
    Zhe Xu, Dacheng Tao, Ya Zhang, Junjie Wu, and Ah Chung Tsoi. 2014. Architectural style classification using multinomial latent logistic regression. In Computer Vision -- ECCV 2014, David Fleet, Tomas Pajdla, Bernt Schiele, and Tinne Tuytelaars (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 600--615.
    [95]
    Jie Yin, Sarvnaz Karimi, Bella Robinson, and Mark Cameron. 2012. ESA: Emergency situation awareness via microbloggers. In Proceedings of the 21st ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM’12). ACM, New York, NY, 2701--2703.
    [96]
    Jason Yosinski, Jeff Clune, Yoshua Bengio, and Hod Lipson. 2014. How transferable are features in deep neural networks? In NIPS. 3320--3328.
    [97]
    Matthew D. Zeiler and Rob Fergus. 2014. Visualizing and understanding convolutional networks. In Proceedings of the 13th European Conference Computer Vision (ECCV). 818--833.
    [98]
    Luming Zhang, Mingli Song, Xiao Liu, Li Sun, Chun Chen, and Jiajun Bu. 2014. Recognizing architecture styles by hierarchical sparse coding of blocklets. Inf. Sci. 254 (2014), 141--154.
    [99]
    B. Zhou, A. Lapedriza, A. Khosla, A. Oliva, and A. Torralba. 2018. Places: A 10 million image database for scene recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 40, 6 (June 2018), 1452--1464.
    [100]
    Barret Zoph, Vijay Vasudevan, Jonathon Shlens, and Quoc V. Le. 2018. Learning transferable architectures for scalable image recognition. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 8697--8710.

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)Artificial Intelligence at the Interface between Cultural Heritage and Photography: A Systematic Literature ReviewHeritage10.3390/heritage70701807:7(3799-3820)Online publication date: 17-Jul-2024
    • (2024)Digitalizing cultural heritage through metaverse applications: challenges, opportunities, and strategiesHeritage Science10.1186/s40494-024-01403-112:1Online publication date: 13-Aug-2024
    • (2024)Robust Training of Social Media Image Classification ModelsIEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems10.1109/TCSS.2022.323083911:1(546-565)Online publication date: Feb-2024
    • Show More Cited By

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage
    Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage   Volume 13, Issue 3
    October 2020
    211 pages
    ISSN:1556-4673
    EISSN:1556-4711
    DOI:10.1145/3411173
    Issue’s Table of Contents
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 16 August 2020
    Online AM: 07 May 2020
    Accepted: 01 February 2020
    Revised: 01 January 2020
    Received: 01 September 2019
    Published in JOCCH Volume 13, Issue 3

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. Cultural heritage sites
    2. damage assessment
    3. deep learning
    4. social media

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article
    • Research
    • Refereed

    Funding Sources

    • La Caixa project

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)167
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)12
    Reflects downloads up to 09 Aug 2024

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)Artificial Intelligence at the Interface between Cultural Heritage and Photography: A Systematic Literature ReviewHeritage10.3390/heritage70701807:7(3799-3820)Online publication date: 17-Jul-2024
    • (2024)Digitalizing cultural heritage through metaverse applications: challenges, opportunities, and strategiesHeritage Science10.1186/s40494-024-01403-112:1Online publication date: 13-Aug-2024
    • (2024)Robust Training of Social Media Image Classification ModelsIEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems10.1109/TCSS.2022.323083911:1(546-565)Online publication date: Feb-2024
    • (2024)Artificial intelligence-assisted visual inspection for cultural heritage: State-of-the-art reviewJournal of Cultural Heritage10.1016/j.culher.2024.01.00566(536-550)Online publication date: Mar-2024
    • (2024)Applications of deep learning to infrared thermography for the automatic classification of thermal pathologies: Review and case studyDiagnosis of Heritage Buildings by Non-Destructive Techniques10.1016/B978-0-443-16001-1.00005-X(103-132)Online publication date: 2024
    • (2023)Understanding the Visual Relationship between Function and Facade in Historic Buildings Using Deep Learning—A Case Study of the Chinese Eastern RailwaySustainability10.3390/su15221585715:22(15857)Online publication date: 11-Nov-2023
    • (2023)Surface Damage Identification for Heritage Site Protection: A Mobile Crowd-sensing Solution Based on Deep LearningJournal on Computing and Cultural Heritage 10.1145/356909316:2(1-24)Online publication date: 14-Mar-2023
    • (2023)A Crowdsourced Learning Framework to Optimize Cross-Event QoS in AI-powered Social Sensing2023 20th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON)10.1109/SECON58729.2023.10287448(429-437)Online publication date: 11-Sep-2023
    • (2023)The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Tourism Sustainability: A Systematic Mapping Review2023 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Knowledge Economy (ICCIKE)10.1109/ICCIKE58312.2023.10131818(119-125)Online publication date: 9-Mar-2023
    • (2023)Application of Deep Learning Strategy for Multi-classification of Indian Heritage Images2023 14th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT)10.1109/ICCCNT56998.2023.10307029(1-5)Online publication date: 6-Jul-2023
    • Show More Cited By

    View Options

    Get Access

    Login options

    Full Access

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    HTML Format

    View this article in HTML Format.

    HTML Format

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media