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a
Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
E-mail:zhaoyuliang@ihep.ac.cn
b
Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
c
California NanoSystems Institute, and Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
E-mail:psw@cnsi.ucla.edu
d
The College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
e
Faculty of Engineering & Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Georgia, Georgia 30602, Athens, USA
Abstract
Graphene has attracted great interest for its superior physical, chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties that enable a wide range of applications from electronics to nanoelectromechanical systems. Functionalization is among the significant vectors that drive graphene towards technological applications. While the physical properties of graphene have been at the center of attention, we still lack the knowledge framework for targeted graphene functionalization. In this critical review, we describe some of the important chemical and physical processes for graphene functionalization. We also identify six major challenges in graphene research and give perspectives and practical strategies for both fundamental studies and applications of graphene (315 references).
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