Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a heritable component and is an important global public health problem because of its high prevalence and morbidity1. We conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify susceptibility loci for glomerular filtration rate, estimated by serum creatinine (eGFRcrea) and cystatin C (eGFRcys), and CKD (eGFRcrea < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) in European-ancestry participants of four population-based cohorts (ARIC, CHS, FHS, RS; n = 19,877; 2,388 CKD cases), and tested for replication in 21,466 participants (1,932 CKD cases). We identified significant SNP associations (P < 5 × 10−8) with CKD at the UMOD locus, with eGFRcrea at UMOD, SHROOM3 and GATM-SPATA5L1, and with eGFRcys at CST and STC1. UMOD encodes the most common protein in human urine, Tamm-Horsfall protein2, and rare mutations in UMOD cause mendelian forms of kidney disease3. Our findings provide new insights into CKD pathogenesis and underscore the importance of common genetic variants influencing renal function and disease.
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Acknowledgements
We are indebted to the staff and participants of the AGES Reykjavik Study, the ARIC Study, the CHS Study, the FHS Study, the Rotterdam Study and the WGHS Study for their contributions.
AGES: The Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility Reykjavik Study has been funded by US National Institutes of Health contract N01-AG-12100, the NIA Intramural Research Program, Hjartavernd (the Icelandic Heart Association) and the Althingi (the Icelandic Parliament). We thank T. Aspelund and G. Eiriksdottir for their contribution to collecting, analyzing and preparing the AGES Reykjavik Study data.
ARIC: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study is carried out as a collaborative study supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute contracts N01-HC-55015, N01-HC-55016, N01-HC-55018, N01-HC-55019, N01-HC-55020, N01-HC-55021, N01-HC-55022, R01HL087641, R01HL59367 and R01HL086694; National Human Genome Research Institute contract U01HG004402; and National Institutes of Health contract HHSN268200625226C. The authors thank the staff and participants of the ARIC study for their important contributions. Infrastructure was partly supported by Grant Number UL1RR025005, a component of the National Institutes of Health and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. A.K. was supported by a German Research Foundation Fellowship. W.H.L.K. was supported by K01DK067207.
CHS: The CHS research reported in this article was supported by contract numbers N01-HC-85079 through N01-HC-85086, N01-HC-35129, N01 HC-15103, N01-HC-55222, N01-HC-75150, N01-HC-45133, grant numbers U01 HL080295 and R01 HL087652, and R01 AG027002 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, with additional contribution from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. A full list of principal CHS investigators and institutions can be found at http://www.chs-nhlbi.org/pi.htm. DNA handling and genotyping was supported in part by National Center for Research Resources grant M01RR00069 to the Cedars-Sinai General Clinical Research Center Genotyping core and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases grant DK063491 to the Southern California Diabetes Endocrinology Research Center.
FHS: This research was conducted in part using data and resources from the Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health and Boston University School of Medicine. The analyses reflect intellectual input and resource development from the Framingham Heart Study investigators participating in the SNP Health Association Resource (SHARe) project. This work was partially supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study (contract no. N01-HC-25195) and its contract with Affymetrix for genotyping services (contract no. N02-HL-6-4278). A portion of this research used the Linux Cluster for Genetic Analysis (LinGA-II) funded by the Robert Dawson Evans Endowment of the Department of Medicine at Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center.
RS: The Rotterdam Study is supported by the Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus University Rotterdam; the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research; the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw); the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly; The Netherlands Heart Foundation; the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science; the Ministry of Health Welfare and Sports; the European Commission; and the Municipality of Rotterdam. Support for genotyping was provided by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) (175.010.2005.011, 911.03.012) and Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE). This study was further supported by the Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)/Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) project nr. 050-060-810. We thank P. Arp, M. Jhamai, M. Moorhouse, M. Verkerk and S. Bervoets for their help in creating the Rotterdam database and M. Struchalin for his contributions to the imputations of the Rotterdam data.
WGHS: The WGHS was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 043851) and the National Cancer Institute (CA 047988). Collaborative scientific and genotyping support was provided by Amgen.
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A.K., N.L.G., A.D., S.-J.H., Q.Y., I.H.d.B., T.L., D.S., D.L., V.G., J.C., M.G.S. and C.S.F. contributed to the design of this analysis. A.K., N.L.G., A.D., S.-J.H., Q.Y., E.B., I.R., I.H.d.B., T.L., D.S., D.L., A.V.S., V.G., W.H.L.K., J.C.W., J.C., M.G.S. and C.S.F. contributed to the interpretation of the results. A.K., N.L.G., A.D., S.-J.H., J.C., M.G.S. and C.S.F. drafted the manuscript; all others reviewed and commented on the manuscript. A.K., N.L.G., A.D., S.J.H., R.K., M.L., Q.Y., D.E.A., G.B.E., I.R., R.B.S., T.L., F.R., C.M.v.D., A.V.S., D.I.C., G.P. and J.C. contributed to statistical methods and analysis. D.S., E.J.B., D.L., V.G., J.C. and C.S.F. contributed to recruitment and follow up of subjects. E.B., Y.-D.I.C., T.H., F.R. and A.G.U. contributed to genotyping; M.L., Q.Y., G.B.E., Y.S.A., F.R., A.G.U., A.V.S. and G.P. contributed to bioinformatics. V.G., L.J.L., T.B.H. and A.V.S. participated in the AGES Study. A.K., M.L., W.H.L.K., J.C., D.E.A., B.C.A., E.B., G.B.E., I.R. and R.B.S. participated in the ARIC Study. N.L.G., M.G.S., Y.-D.I.C., I.H.d.B., T.H., T.L., M.S. and D.S. participated in the CHS Study. E.J.B., D.L., A.U., S.-J.H., Q.Y. and C.S.F. participated in the FHS Study. Y.S.A., A.H., F.R., A.G.U., C.M.v.D., A.D. and J.C.W. participated in the RS Study. D.I.C., G.P. and P.M.R. participated in the WGHS Study.
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Köttgen, A., Glazer, N., Dehghan, A. et al. Multiple loci associated with indices of renal function and chronic kidney disease. Nat Genet 41, 712–717 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.377
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.377
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