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Potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediment and water body around Dhaka export processing zone, Bangladesh

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Abstract

Sediments and surface water contamination by the industrial effluents containing heavy metals is the most detrimental environmental impact. Therefore, the present work attempts to determine the status of eight heavy metal distribution in sediments and water samples, and their ecological risks’ assessment in the studied area. The distribution pattern of heavy metals in the water and sediment follows the sequences: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Mn > Ni > As > Cd and Mn > Zn > Cr > Pb > Cu > Ni > As > Cd, respectively. Gross water pollution is observed at different sampling points of Dhalai Beel and Bangshi River. The comparison of sedimentary mean metal concentrations with several environmental contamination monitoring parameters, viz, threshold effect level (TEL), probable effect level (PEL), and severe effect lever (SEL) indicates that the metal levels are less than PEL except Cr. Moreover, the level of contamination degree (C d) and modified degree of contamination (mC d) indicates ‘low’ and ‘nil to low’ degree of contamination, respectively. Pollution load indices (PLI) of the studied area are lower than unity, indicates no pollution. Furthermore, a toxic-response factor is applied to assess the potential ecological risk of these heavy metals into the water body. The results of this study exhibit a low potential ecological risk of heavy metals. The Pearson’s correlation and cluster analysis are also performed to assess the heavy metal interactions in water and sediment samples.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the authority of Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission for providing laboratory facilities to analyze effluent and water samples using conventional technique. The authors also grateful to the authorities of Dhaka Export Processing Zone (EPZ); especially to Md. Abdus Sobhan, Assistant Manager (Commercial Operation) for their kind cooperation to provide information and help to collect the samples.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, GPO Box 3787, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    M. Safiur Rahman

  2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3J1Z1, Canada

    M. Safiur Rahman

  3. Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh

    Narottam Saha & A. Hossain Molla

  4. School of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK

    Narottam Saha

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  1. M. Safiur Rahman
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Correspondence to M. Safiur Rahman.

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Rahman, M.S., Saha, N. & Molla, A.H. Potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediment and water body around Dhaka export processing zone, Bangladesh. Environ Earth Sci 71, 2293–2308 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2631-5

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