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Establishment of a Novel In Vitro Test Setup for Electric and Magnetic Stimulation of Human Osteoblasts

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Abstract

When large defects occur, bone regeneration can be supported by bone grafting and biophysical stimuli like electric and magnetic stimulation (EMS). Clinically established EMS modes are external coils and surgical implants like an electroinductive screw system, which combines a magnetic and electric field, e.g., for the treatment of avascular bone necrosis or pseudarthrosis. For optimization of this implant system, an in vitro test setup was designed to investigate effects of EMS on human osteoblasts on different 3D scaffolds (based on calcium phosphate and collagen). Prior to the cell experiments, numerical simulations of the setup, as well as experimental validation, via measurements of the electric parameters induced by EMS were conducted. Human osteoblasts (3 × 105 cells) were seeded onto the scaffolds and cultivated. After 24 h, screw implants (Stryker ASNIS III s-series) were centered in the scaffolds, and EMS was applied (3 × 45 min per day at 20 Hz) for 3 days. Cell viability and collagen type 1 (Col1) synthesis were determined subsequently. Numerical simulation and validation showed an adequate distribution of the electric field within the scaffolds. Experimental measurements of the electric potential revealed only minimal deviation from the simulation. Cell response to stimulation varied with scaffold material and mode of stimulation. EMS-stimulated cells exhibited a significant decrease of metabolic activity in particular on collagen scaffolds. In contrast, the Col1/metabolic activity ratio was significantly increased on collagen and non-sintered calcium phosphate scaffolds after 3 days. Exclusive magnetic stimulation showed similar but nonsignificant tendencies in metabolic activity and Col1 synthesis. The cell tests demonstrate that the new test setup is a valuable tool for in vitro testing and parameter optimization of the clinically used electroinductive screw system. It combines magnetic and electric stimulation, allowing in vitro investigations of its influence on human osteoblasts.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the German Research Foundation (DFG) for supporting this study within the Graduate School GRK Welisa 1505/1. We kindly thank DOT GmbH, Rostock, Germany for supplying the BONITmatrix scaffolds and the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, Chair of Fluid Technology and Microfluidics, University of Rostock for the fabrication of the ß-TCP scaffolds.

Disclosure

A. Krüger is an employee of Amedrix GmbH. All other authors state that there is no conflict of interest. No financial support was received from any company to perform the cell experiments and the numerical simulations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedics, Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, University Medicine Rostock, Doberaner Strasse 142, 18057, Rostock, Germany

    P. C. Grunert, A. Jonitz-Heincke, Y. Su, R. Souffrant, D. Hansmann, W. Mittelmeier & R. Bader

  2. Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany

    H. Ewald

  3. Amedrix GmbH, Esslingen, Germany

    A. Krüger

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  1. P. C. Grunert
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  2. A. Jonitz-Heincke
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Correspondence to R. Bader.

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P. C. Grunert and A. Jonitz-Heincke contributed equally to this work.

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Grunert, P.C., Jonitz-Heincke, A., Su, Y. et al. Establishment of a Novel In Vitro Test Setup for Electric and Magnetic Stimulation of Human Osteoblasts. Cell Biochem Biophys 70, 805–817 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-014-9984-6

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