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Associations of Serum Selenium Levels in the First Trimester of Pregnancy with the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preterm Birth: a Preliminary Cohort Study

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Abstract

Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may have lower serum selenium levels than healthy controls, which may be associated with preterm birth. We explored the association of serum selenium levels in early pregnancy with the risk of GDM and preterm birth among Chinese women. We included 398 women with a singleton pregnancy, who were followed up prospectively from the first prenatal visit until delivery. Serum selenium levels were measured in the first trimester. After delivery, data concerning mothers and their children were sourced from medical records by researchers who were blind to the participants’ selenium status. Of the 398 women, 71 (17.8%) had GDM, 21(5.3%) had preterm birth, and 266 (66.8%) had selenium deficiency (serum selenium < 70 μg/L). Women in the upper three quartiles of serum selenium level did not have a significantly lower risk of GDM or preterm birth than those in the lowest quartile after adjustment for covariates (all p > 0.05). When serum selenium levels were classified as normal or deficient, the risk of GDM or preterm birth among women with normal serum selenium levels was still not lower than that of women with deficient serum selenium levels after adjustment for covariates (all p > 0.05). Although selenium deficiency was common in the Chinese women in our cohort, our results indicate that low serum selenium level during early pregnancy may not be a strong predictor of the risk of GDM and preterm birth. However, our sample size was small, and future studies with larger populations are warranted.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Shanghai GeneX Biotech Co., Ltd. and Functional (Beijing) Food Technology Development Co., Ltd. as well as Ma Shuai and Hou Li An for their free technical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China Academic Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

    Peng Ju Liu & Yanping Liu

  2. Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shunyi Women’s and Children’s Hospital of Beijing Children’s Hospital, Beijing, China

    Aimin Yao

  3. Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China Academic Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

    Liangkun Ma

  4. Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Quan Zhou Woman’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

    Xiao Yan Chen

  5. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China Academic Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

    Song Lin Yu

  6. School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

    Yi Xuan Hou

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  1. Peng Ju Liu
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  2. Aimin Yao
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  3. Liangkun Ma
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Contributions

Y.L., L.M., and P.J. L. designed the research; A.M.Y. and Y.X.H. collected data; P.J.L., Y.L., L.M., and A.M.Y. conducted the data analysis; P.J.L., X.Y.C., S.L.Y., and Y.X.H. reviewed the research plan and manuscript; and P.J.L., S.L.Y., and Y.L. wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yanping Liu.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical Approval

The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking Union Medical College Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Science (Unique Protocol ID: hs-1646). This study was conducted in accordance with both the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975, as revised in 1983, and guidelines of the center’s institutional review board.

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All the participants were informed of the details of the study, and each participant provided written informed consent.

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Liu, P.J., Yao, A., Ma, L. et al. Associations of Serum Selenium Levels in the First Trimester of Pregnancy with the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preterm Birth: a Preliminary Cohort Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 199, 527–534 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02191-y

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