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The speciation, leachability and bioaccessibility of Cu and Zn in animal manure-derived biochar: effect of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature

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Abstract

Biochars derived from animal manures may accumulate potentially toxic metals and cause a potential risk to ecosystem. The synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopy, sequential fractionation schemes, bioaccessibility extraction and leaching procedure were performed on poultry and swine manurederived biochars (denoted PB and SB, respectively) to evaluate the variance of speciation and activity of Cu and Zn as affected by the feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. The results showed that Cu speciation was dependent on the feedstock with Cu-citrate-like in swine manure and species resembling Cu-glutathione and CuO in poultry manure. Pyrolyzed products, however, had similar Cu speciation mainly with species resembling Cu-citrate, CuO and CuS/Cu2S. Organic bound Zn and Zn3(PO4)2-like species were dominant in both feedstock and biochars. Both Cu and Zn leaching with synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) decreased greatly with the rise of pyrolysis temperature, which were consistent with the sequential extraction results that pyrolysis converted Cu and Zn into less labile phases such as organic/sulfide and residual fractions. The potential bioaccessibility of Zn decreased for both the PB and SB, closely depending on the content of non-residual Zn. The bioaccessibility of Cu, however, increased for the SB prepared at 300°C–700°C, probably due to the increased proportion of CuO. Concerning the results of sequential fractionation schemes, bioaccessibility extraction and leaching procedure, pyrolysis at 500°C was suggested as means of reducing Cu/Zn lability and poultry manure was more suitable for pyrolysis treatment.

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Acknowledgments

This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41371320, 21677123 and 41371447). We thank the staff members from the beamline (4W1B, 1W1B) at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF), and beamline (15U) at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) for their support for XAS study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Qi Lin, Xin Xu, Lihua Wang, Qian Chen, Jing Fang, Liping Lou & Guangming Tian

  2. Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Qi Lin, Liping Lou & Guangming Tian

  3. Institute of Hangzhou Environmental Science, Hangzhou, 310014, China

    Xiaodong Shen

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  1. Qi Lin
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  2. Xin Xu
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Correspondence to Qi Lin.

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Lin, Q., Xu, X., Wang, L. et al. The speciation, leachability and bioaccessibility of Cu and Zn in animal manure-derived biochar: effect of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. 11, 5 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-017-0924-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-017-0924-8

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