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Novel Evaluation Method to Determine the Mixing Time in a Ladle Refining Process

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Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Mixing plays a key role in mass and heat transfer, as well as chemical reactions in various vessels involving agitation. Several studies have confirmed that the mixing time obtained from several monitor locations cannot reflect the mixing time for the whole bath because stirring situation in different locations is variable due to the change of operation schemes. It is proved that some zones with inefficient stirring cannot be monitored by applying a limited amount of probes in physical and mathematical models. This study provides a novel approach to quantify mixing time evaluation considering the tracer variation for the whole bath using a mathematical model. It was found that the mixing time obtained by considering the whole bath is more representative than that of the probe monitor method. Compared with the traditional probe method, about 50 to 70 pct longer mixing times were obtained for different operations by applying the volume track method. In addition, the volume integral of the concerned variable for the whole bath is more representative to determine the developed flow compared to the points monitoring method for a transient simulation.

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Acknowledgments

The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51704006 and 51774004) supported this study.

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, 243032, Anhui, P.R. China

    Xiaobin Zhou, Yu Zhang & Qiang Yue

  2. Crrc Yangtze Tongling Co., Ltd, Tongling, 244142, P.R. China

    Qingling He

  3. Key Laboratory of Ecological Metallurgy of Multi-metal Intergrown Ores of Education Ministry, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P.R. China

    Peiyuan Ni

  4. School of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH- Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden

    Mikael Ersson

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  1. Xiaobin Zhou
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  2. Yu Zhang
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  3. Qingling He
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  4. Peiyuan Ni
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  5. Qiang Yue
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Correspondence to Peiyuan Ni or Qiang Yue.

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Zhou, X., Zhang, Y., He, Q. et al. Novel Evaluation Method to Determine the Mixing Time in a Ladle Refining Process. Metall Mater Trans B 53, 4114–4123 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-022-02671-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-022-02671-7