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Characteristics, origins, and significance of pyrites in deep-water shales

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Abstract

As important metal sulfides in the geochemical cycle of sulfur, the characteristics and formation processes of pyrites can provide useful clues regarding their environment. Based on previous findings, shale pyrites were divided into three major classes (euhedral pyrites, framboidal pyrites (framboids) and metasomatic pyrites) and six sub-classes in this study. At the microscopic scale, each type of pyrite is associated with a different formation process. Framboids are formed by burst nucleation in environments with a homogeneous distribution of nutrients while euhedral pyrites are usually formed on pre-existing sites (such as =FeS on the minerals surface) in the heterogeneous system. Metasomatic pyrites formed by the replacement of other ions in accountable material by iron ions and hydrogen sulfide ions in hydrothermal events. The morphology and isotope value of pyrite provide information to track the origins of their nutrient and characteristics of sulfur and iron pools. In addition, the trace element content of pyrite can serve as a proxy for paleo-ocean trace element abundance, indicating changes in atmospheric oxygen content. Additionally, pyrite can also serves as an indicator of shale gas reservoirs.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42072164, 42272119, 41821002), the Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program, China (Grant No. 2020ZLYS08), the Taishan Scholars Program, China (Grant No. TSQN201812030), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (Grant No. 2022CX06001A).

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  1. National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China

    Chao Liang, Shichao Ji, Yingchang Cao, Keyu Liu & Fang Hao

  2. School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266000, China

    Chao Liang, Yingchang Cao, Keyu Liu & Fang Hao

  3. Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resource, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Chao Liang, Yingchang Cao, Keyu Liu & Fang Hao

  4. College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China

    Jing Wu

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Liang, C., Ji, S., Cao, Y. et al. Characteristics, origins, and significance of pyrites in deep-water shales. Sci. China Earth Sci. 67, 313–342 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-022-1200-0

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