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Langzeitfolgen und Präventionsstrategien für Frauen nach Gestationsdiabetes

Long-term consequences and prevention strategies for women with a history of gestational diabetes

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Der Diabetologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Frauen, die in einer Schwangerschaft einen Gestationsdiabetes mellitus (GDM) hatten, haben ein deutlich erhöhtes Risiko der Entwicklung eines Diabetes mellitus Typ 2, kardiovaskulärer Krankheiten, einer Depression post partum und weiterer Erkrankungen.

Umfang der Übersichtsarbeit

Im vorliegenden Beitrag sind Studien zusammengefasst, in denen die Langzeitfolgen eines Gestationsdiabetes untersucht und die Höhe des Risikos ermittelt wurden. Außerdem wird die aktuelle Studienlage im Hinblick auf die optimale Präventionsstrategie für diese Hochrisikopatientinnen beleuchtet.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Langzeitfolgen eines GDM sind nicht nur auf Störungen des Glukosestoffwechsels begrenzt, sondern beinhalten auch ein hohes Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen, kognitive und psychiatrische Komplikationen und Tumorerkrankungen. Geeignete Präventionsstrategien sind v. a. die Lebensstilinterventionsprogramme, aber auch die medikamentöse Prävention erwies sich in methodisch gut geführten Studien als erfolgreich.

Abstract

Background

Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a significantly increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, postpartum depression, and other conditions.

Scope of review

This review summarizes studies in which the long-term effects of GDM were investigated and the level of risk determined. The current state of research regarding optimal prevention strategies for these high-risk patients was analyzed.

Conclusion

The long-term effects of GDM are not only limited to glucose metabolism disorders, but also pose a high risk of cardiovascular disease, cognitive and psychiatric impairments and malignancies. Suitable diabetes prevention strategies are lifestyle intervention programs, but pharmacological prevention has been proven successful in methodically well-conducted studies.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Diabetesforschung und Metabolische Erkrankungen (IDM) des Helmholtz Zentrums München, Universität Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland

    Louise Fritsche, Julia Hummel M. Sc.,  Martin Heni &  Andreas Fritsche

  2. Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), Neuherberg, Deutschland

    Louise Fritsche, Julia Hummel M. Sc.,  Martin Heni &  Andreas Fritsche

  3. Medizinische Klinik Innere Medizin IV, Endokrinologie, Diabetologie, Angiologie, Nephrologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland

    Louise Fritsche, Julia Hummel M. Sc.,  Martin Heni &  Andreas Fritsche

Authors
  1. Louise Fritsche
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  2. Julia Hummel M. Sc.
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  3. Martin Heni
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  4. Andreas Fritsche
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Louise Fritsche.

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Interessenkonflikt

M. Heni erklärt, während der letzten 3 Jahre Honorare für Vortragstätigkeit und Reisekostenunterstützung von MSD, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Lily, Boehringer Ingelheim sowie Forschungsunterstützung (an das Universitätsklinikum Tübingen) durch Boehringer Ingelheim und Sanofi erhalten zu haben. L. Fritsche, J. Hummel und A. Fritsche geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Die Autorinnen Louise Fritsche und Julia Hummel haben zu gleichen Teilen zum Manuskript beigetragen.

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Fritsche, L., Hummel, J., Heni, M. et al. Langzeitfolgen und Präventionsstrategien für Frauen nach Gestationsdiabetes. Diabetologe 15, 717–728 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11428-019-00544-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11428-019-00544-3

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