Abstract
Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing economic activities worldwide; shrimp production by aquaculture is around 70% or more of the total consumed. The development of this activity is inducing great benefits in the production of food and jobs; however, shrimp aquaculture is also generating; (1) ecological imbalance by pelagic species overexploitation to produce fish ingredients, (2) bays contamination by inappropriate waste management and (3) pathogens proliferation by antibiotics abuse. In this sense, a significant number of regulations and legal restrictions have been imposed; thus, aquaculture is no longer considered a profitable activity. Therefore, significant and innovative technologies need to be applied to ensure the sustainability and profitability of this activity. In this sense, probiotic bacteria are being used in aquaculture to improve feed intake, modulate gut microbiota and control pathogen proliferation. This work summarizes the results from researchers who worked extensively to show how probiotic bacteria can improve shrimp aquaculture development.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abriouel H, Franz CM, Ben Omar N, Gálvez A (2011) Diversity and applications of Bacillus bacteriocins. FEMS Microbiol Rev 35(1):201–232. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00244.x
Amoah K, Huang QC, Tan BP, Zhang S, Chi SY, Yang QH, Liu HY, Dong XH (2019) Dietary supplementation of probiotic Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050, improves the growth performance, intestinal morphology, microflora, immune response, and disease confrontation of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish Shellfish Immunol 87:796–808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.029
Arellano-Carbajal F, Olmos-Soto J (2002) Thermostable alpha-1,4- and alpha-1,6-glucosidase enzymes from Bacillus sp. isolated from a marine environment. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 18:791–795. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020433210432
Boonthai T, Vuthiphandchai V, Nimrat S (2011) Probiotic bacteria effects on growth and bacterial composition of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Aquac Nutr 17(6):634–644. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2011.00865.x
Chen J, Li X, Xu H, Sun W, Leng X (2017) Substitute of soy protein concentrate for fish meal in diets of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone). Aquac Int 25:1303–1315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-017-0115-4
Cutting SM (2010) Bacillus probiotics. Food Microbiol 28(2):214–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2010.03.007
Flegel TW, Lightner DV, Lo CF, Owens L (2008) Shrimp disease control: past, present and future. In: Bondad-Reantaso MG, Mohan CV, Crumlish M, Subasinghe RP (eds) Diseases in Asian aquaculture VI. Fish health section. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, pp 355–378
Franco R, Martín L, Arenal A, Santiesteban D, Sotolongo J, Cabrera H, Mejías J, Rodríguez G, Moreno AG, Pimentel E, Castillo NM (2017) Evaluation of two probiotics used during farm production of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Crustacea: Decapoda). Aquac Res 48(4):1936–1950. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13031
Garcia TA, Olmos SJ (2007) Quantification by fluorescent in situ hybridization of bacteria associated with Litopenaeus vannamei larvae in Mexican shrimp hatchery. Aquaculture 262(2):211–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.10.039
Hernández G, Olmos J (2004) Molecular identification of pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of Vibrio harveyi using PCR and RAPD. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 63(6):722–727. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-003-1451-z
Hostins B, Lara G, Decamp O, Cesar DE, Wasielesky W (2017) Efficacy and variations in bacterial density in the gut of Litopenaeus vannamei reared in a BFT system and in clear water supplemented with a commercial probiotic mixture. Aquaculture 480:58–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.07.036
Huang F, Pan L, Song M, Tian C, Gao S (2018) Microbiota assemblages of water, sediment, and intestine and their associations with environmental factors and shrimp physiological health. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 102(19):8585–8598. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9229-5
Kewcharoen W, Srisapoome P (2019) Probiotic effects of Bacillus spp. from pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) on water quality and shrimp growth, immune responses, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus (AHPND strains). Fish Shellfish Immunol 94:175–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.013
Landsman A, St-Pierre B, Rosales-Leija M, Brown M, Gibbons W (2019) Impact of aquaculture practices on intestinal bacterial profiles of pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Microorganisms 7(4):93. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7040093
Lazado CC, Caipang CM, Estante EG (2015) Prospects of host-associated microorganisms in fish and penaeids as probiotics with immunomodulatory functions. Fish Shellfish Immunol 45(1):2–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2015.02.023
Li E, Xu C, Wang X, Wang S, Zhao Q, Zhang M, Qin JG, Chen L (2018) Gut microbiota and its modulation for healthy farming of pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Rev Fish Sci Aquac 26(3):381–399. https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2018.1440530
Lopez LM, Olmos SJ, Trejo EI, Flores IM, Ochoa L, Mark D, Peres H (2016) Evaluation of carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio in diets supplemented with Bacillus subtilis probiotic strain on growth performance, body composition and digestibility in juvenile white seabass (Atractoscion nobilis, Ayres 1860). Aquac Res 47(6):1864–1873. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12644
Martínez-Villaluenga C, Frias J, Vidal-Valverde C (2008) Alpha-galactosides: antinutritional factors or functional ingredients? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 48(4):301–316. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408390701326243
Naylor RL, Hardy RW, Bureau DP, Chiu A, Elliott M, Farrell AP, Forster I, Gatlin DM, Goldburg RJ, Hua K, Nichols PD (2009) Feeding aquaculture in an era of finite resources. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106(36):15103–15110. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0905235106
Ochoa-Solano JL, Olmos-Soto J (2006) The functional property of Bacillus for shrimp feeds. Food Microbiol 23(6):519–525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2005.10.004
Olmos SJ (2017) Bacillus probiotic enzymes: external auxiliary apparatus to avoid digestive deficiencies, water pollution, diseases, and economic problems in marine cultivated animals. In: Se-Kwon K (ed) Advances in food and nutrition research. Academic Press, Oxford, pp 15–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.11.001
Olmos J, Ochoa L, Paniagua-Michel J, Contreras R (2011) Functional feed assessment on Litopenaeus vannamei using 100% fish meal replacement by soybean meal, high levels of complex carbohydrates and Bacillus probiotic strains. Mar Drugs 9(6):1119–1132. https://doi.org/10.3390/md9061119
Olmos SJ, Paniagua-Michel JJ, Lopez L, Ochoa L (2015) Functional feeds in aquaculture. In: Se-Kwon K (ed) Handbook of marine biotechnology. Springer, New York, pp 1303–1319
Olmos J, Acosta M, Mendoza G, Pitones V (2020) Bacillus subtilis, an ideal probiotic bacterium to shrimp and fish aquaculture that increase feed digestibility, prevent microbial diseases, and avoid water pollution. Arch Microbiol 202(3):427–435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-019-01757-2
Opazo R, Ortúzar F, Navarrete P, Espejo R, Romero J (2012) Reduction of soybean meal non-starch polysaccharides and α-galactosides by solid-state fermentation using cellulolytic bacteria obtained from different environments. PLoS ONE 7(9):e44783. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044783
Padilla SM (2005). Bacterial diversity identification in L. vannamei commercial culture using fluorescent in situ hybridization and PCR. Master degree thesis. CICESE
Plaza-Diaz J, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Gil-Campos M, Gil A (2019) Mechanisms of action of probiotics. Adv Nutr 10(suppl_1):S49–S66. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmy063. Erratum in: Adv Nutr 11(4):1054
Rasooly R, Hernlem B, He X, Friedman M (2015) Plant compounds enhance the assay sensitivity for detection of active Bacillus cereus toxin. Toxins (Basel) 7(3):835–845. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7030835
Rosas C, Cuzon G, Gaxiola G, Arena L, Lemaire P, Soyez C, Van Wormhoudt A (2000) Infuence of dietary carbohydrate on the metabolism of juvenile Litopenaeus stylirostris. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 249(2):181–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(00)00184-2
Sonenshein AL, Hoch JA, Losick R (1993) Bacillus subtilis and others gram-positive bacteria: biochemistry, physiology and molecular genetics. Am Soc Microbiol. https://doi.org/10.1128/9781555818388
Su H, Liu S, Hu X, Xu X, Xu W, Xu Y, Li Z, Wen G, Liu Y, Cao Y (2017) Occurrence and temporal variation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in shrimp aquaculture: ARGs dissemination from farming source to reared organisms. Sci Total Environ 607–608:357–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.040
Tacon A, Metian M (2008) Global overview on the use of fish meal and fish oil in industrially compounded aquafeeds: trends and future prospects. Aquaculture 285(1–4):146–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.08.015
Theethakaew C, Nakamura S, Motooka D, Matsuda S, Kodama T, Chonsin K, Suthienkul O, Iida T (2017) Plasmid dynamics in Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains related to shrimp acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome (AHPNS). Infect Genet Evol 51:211-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2017.04.007. Erratum in: Infect Genet Evol 2018 57:185
Valdez A, Yepiz-Plascencia G, Ricca E, Olmos J (2014) First Litopenaeus vannamei WSSV 100% oral vaccination protection using CotC::Vp26 fusion protein displayed on Bacillus subtilis spores surface. J Appl Microbiol 117(2):347–357. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.12550
Vidal JMA, Pessôa MNDC, Santos FLD, Mendes PDP, Mendes MS (2018) Probiotic potential of Bacillus cereus against Vibrio spp. in post-larvae shrimps. Rev Caatinga 31(2):495–503. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n226rc
Wang A, Ran C, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Ding Q, Yang Y, Olsen RE, Ringø E, Bindelle J, Zhou Z (2018) Use of probiotics in aquaculture of China-a review of the past decade. Fish Shellfish Immunol 86:734–755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.026
Xie SW, Liu YJ, Zeng S, Niu J, Tian LX (2016) Partial replacement of fishmeal by soy protein concentrate and soybean meal based protein blend for juvenile pacific white shrimp. Aquaculture 464:296–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.07.002
Xiong J (2018) Progress in the gut microbiota in exploring shrimp disease pathogenesis and incidence. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 102(17):7343–7350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9199-7
Yang P, Lai DYF, Jin B, Bastviken D, Tan L, Tong C (2017) Dynamics of dissolved nutrients in the aquaculture shrimp ponds of the Min River estuary, China: concentrations, fluxes and environmental loads. Sci Total Environ 15(603–604):256–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.074
Yu W, Wu JH, Zhang J, Yang W, Chen J, Xiong J (2018) A meta-analysis reveals universal gut bacterial signatures for diagnosing the incidence of shrimp disease. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiy147
Yun H, Shahkar E, Hamidoghli A, Lee S, Won S, Bai SC (2017) Evaluation of dietary soybean meal as fish meal replacer for juvenile whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei reared in biofloc system. Int Aquat Res 9:11–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40071-017-0152-7
Zeng S, Hou D, Liu J, Ji P, Weng S, He J, Huang Z (2019) Antibiotic supplement in feed can perturb the intestinal microbial composition and function in Pacific white shrimp. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 103(7):3111–3122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-09671-9
Zorriehzahra MJ, Delshad ST, Adel M, Tiwari R, Karthik K, Dhama K, Lazado CC (2016) Probiotics as beneficial microbes in aquaculture: an update on their multiple modes of action: a review. Vet Q 36(4):228–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2016.1172132
Acknowledgements
Thanks to Rosalia Contreras for her assistance in the bibliography compilation.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Author received no funding for this work and has no conflict of interest to declare.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Olmos Soto, J. Feed intake improvement, gut microbiota modulation and pathogens control by using Bacillus species in shrimp aquaculture. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 37, 28 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-020-02987-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-020-02987-z