[go: up one dir, main page]

Skip to main content
Log in

Consistency of SLAM-EKF Algorithms for Indoor Environments

  • Published:
Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The solution to the Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) problem using an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is probably the most extended in the literature despite the recently reported inconsistency of its estimation. There has been an important lack of successful SLAM-EKF implementations for indoor environments that could build monolithic large maps with features conveying angular information. In this paper we analyze the source and factors of the SLAM-EKF inconsistency in indoor environments (where the landmarks contain angular information) and we review current existing approaches presenting novel solutions to this problem that let us build indoor large monolithic feature based maps.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.

References

  1. Thrun, S.: Robotic mapping: A survey. In: Lakemeyer, G., Nebel, B. (eds.) Exploring Artificial Intelligence in the New Millenium. Morgan Kaufmann (2002)

  2. Elfes, A.: Sonar-based real-world mapping and navigation. IEEE J. Robot. Autom. 3(3), 249–265 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Montemerlo, M., Thrun, S., Koller, D., Wegbreit, B.: FastSLAM: A factored solution to the simultaneous localization and mapping problem. AAAI National Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Edmonton, Canada (2002)

  4. Thrun, S., Fox, D., Burgard, W.: A probabilistic approach to concurrent mapping and localization for mobile robots. Mach. Learn. 31, 29–53 (1998). Also in Auton. Robots 5, 253–271.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Burgard, W., Fox, D., Jans, H., Matenar, C., Thrun, S.: Sonar-based mapping of large scale mobile robot environments using EM. Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML’99). Bled, Slovenia (1999)

  6. Gutmann, J.S., Konolige, K.: Incremental mapping of large cyclic environments. IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation (CIRA), pp. 318–325. Monterey, California, USA (2000)

  7. Choset, H., Nagatani, K.: Topological Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM): Toward exact localization without explicit localization. IEEE Trans. Robot. Autom. 17(2) (2001)

  8. Smith, R., Self, M., Cheeseman, P.: Estimating uncertain spatial relationships in robotics. In: Lemmer, J.F., Kanal, L.N. (eds.) Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 2. Elsevier, New York (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Kalman, R.E.: A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems. Trans. ASME, J. Basic Eng. 82, 34–45 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Dissanayake, G., Durrant-Whyte, H., Bailey, T.: A computationally efficient solution to the simultaneous localisation and map building (SLAM) problem. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Workshop W4: Mobile Robot Navigation and Mapping, pp. 1009–1014. San Francisco, USA (2000)

  11. Leonard, J.J., Feder, H.J.S.: A computationally efficient method for large-scale concurrent mapping and localization. Ninth Int.Symposium on Robotics Research. Salt Lake City, Utah(1999)

  12. Guivant, J., Nebot, E.: Optimization of the simultaneous localization and map-building algorithm for real-time implementation. IEEE Trans. Robot. Autom. 17(3), 242–257 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Tardos, J.D., Neira, J., Newman, P., Leonard, J.J.: Robust mapping and localization in indoor environment using sonar data. Int. J. Rob. Res. 21(4), 311–330 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Williams, S.: Efficient solutions to autonomous mapping and navigation problems. PhD. Thesis. Australian Center for Field Robotics, University of Sidney (2001)

  15. Knight, J., Davison, A., Reid, I.: Towards constant time SLAM using postponement. IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, vol. 1, pp. 405–413. Hawaii, USA (2002)

  16. Thrun, S., Liu, Y., Koller, D., Andrew, Y.N., Ghahramani, Z., Durrant-Whyte, H.: Simultaneous localization and mapping with sparse extended information filters. Int. J. Rob. Res. 23(7), 693–716 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Csorba, M.: Simultaneous localisation and map building. PhD. Thesis. Robotics Research Group Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford (1997)

  18. Newman, P.: On the structure and solution of the simultaneous localisation and map building problem. PhD. Thesis. Australian Center for Field Robotics, University of Sidney (1999)

  19. Dissanayake, G., Newman, P., Clark, S., Durrant-Whyte, H., Csorba, M.: A solution to the simultaneous localisation and map building (SLAM) problem. IEEE Trans. Robot. Autom. 17(3), 229–241 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Julier, S., Uhlmann, J.K.: A counter example to the theory of simultaneous localization and map building. IEEE Int. Conference on Robotics and Automation, vol. 4, pp. 4238–4243. Seoul, Korea (2001)

  21. Castellanos, J.A., Neira, J., Tardos, J.D.: Limits to the consistency of EKF-based SLAM. Fifth IFAC Symposium on Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles IAV’04. Lisbon, Portugal (2004)

  22. Bailey, T., Nieto, J., Guivant, J., Stevens, M., Nebot, E.: Consistency of the EKF-SLAM Algorithm. IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IROS 2006, pp. 3562–3568 (2006)

  23. Martinez-Cantin, R., Castellanos, J.A.: Bounding Uncertainty in EKF-SLAM: The Robocentric Local Approach. In IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2006, pp. 430–435 (2006)

  24. Huang, Shoudong, Dissanayake, G.: Convergence analysis for extended Kalman filter based SLAM. In IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA’06), pp. 412–417 (2006)

  25. Rodriguez-Losada, D., Matia, F., Jimenez, A., Galan, R., Lacey, G.: Implementing Map Based Navigation in Guido, The Robotic SmartWalker. IEEE ICRA ’05, pp. 3401–3406. Barcelona, Spain

  26. Rodriguez-Losada, D., Matia, F., Galan, R.: Building geometric feature based maps for indoor service robots. Elsevier: Robot. Auton. Syst. 54(7), 546–558 (2006) (31 July)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Rodriguez-Losada, D., Matia, F., Jimenez, A., Galan, R.: Consistency Improvement for SLAM – EKF for Indoor Environments. Robotics and Automation, 2006 Proceedings 2006 IEEE International Conference on. ICRA’06, pp. 418–423 (2006)

  28. Ayache, N., Faugeras, O.D.: Maintaining representations of the environment of a mobile robot. IEEE Trans. Robot. Autom. 5(6) (1989)

  29. Castellanos, J.A., Montiel, J.M.M., Neira, J., Tardos, J.D.: The SPmap: A probabilistic framework for simultaneous localization and map building. IEEE Trans. Robot. Autom. 15(5), 948–953 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Bar-Shalom, Y., Li, X.R., Kirubarajan, T.: Estimation with Applications to Trackking and Navigation. Wiley InterScience (2001)

  31. Newman, P., Leonard, J., Tardos, J.D., Neira, J.: Explore and Return: Experimental Validation of Real-time Concurrent Mapping and Localization. IEEE ICRA’02, pp. 1802–1809. Washington DC, USA (2002)

  32. Neira, J., Tardos, J.D.: Data association in stochastic mapping using the joint compatibility test. IEEE Trans. Robot. Autom. 17(6), 890–897 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Rodriguez-Losada, D., Matia, F., Jimenez, A., Galan, R.: Local map fusion for real-time indoor simultaneous localization and mapping. Journal of Field Robotics 23(5), 291–309 (2006) (May, Wiley Interscience)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Castellanos, J.A., Martinez-Cantin, R., Tardós, J.D., Neira, J.: Robocentric map joining: Improving the consistency of EKF-SLAM. Robot. Auton. Syst. 55, 21–29 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Diego Rodriguez-Losada.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rodriguez-Losada, D., Matia, F., Pedraza, L. et al. Consistency of SLAM-EKF Algorithms for Indoor Environments. J Intell Robot Syst 50, 375–397 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-007-9171-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-007-9171-8

Keywords

Navigation