Abstract
The kinetochore-microtubule association is a core, conserved event that drives chromosome transmission during mitosis. Failure to establish this association on even a single chromosome results in aneuploidy leading to cell death or the development of cancer. However, although many chromosomes lacking centromeres, termed acentrics, fail to segregate, studies in a number of systems reveal robust alternative mechanisms that can drive segregation and successful poleward transport of acentrics. In contrast to the canonical mechanism that relies on end-on microtubule attachments to kinetochores, mechanisms of acentric transmission largely fall into three categories: direct attachments to other chromosomes, kinetochore-independent lateral attachments to microtubules, and long-range tether-based attachments. Here, we review these “non-canonical” methods of acentric chromosome transmission. Just as the discovery and exploration of cell cycle checkpoints provided insight into both the origins of cancer and new therapies, identifying mechanisms and structures specifically involved in acentric segregation may have a significant impact on basic and applied cancer research.
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Abbreviations
- APC/C:
-
Anaphase-promoting complex
- PtK cells:
-
Potorous tridactylus cells
- UFBs:
-
Ultrafine DNA bridges
- CHMP4C:
-
Charged multivesicular body protein 4C
- ESCRT-III:
-
Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport-III
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We would like to thank Alexey Khodjakov, Travis Karg, Anna Russo, and Hannah Vicars for their critical readings of the manuscript.
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This work was funded by a National Institutes of Health grant NIHRO1GM120321 awarded to W.S.
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Warecki, B., Sullivan, W. Mechanisms driving acentric chromosome transmission. Chromosome Res 28, 229–246 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-020-09636-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-020-09636-z