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Efficient Velodyne SLAM with point and plane features

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Abstract

This paper develops and tests a plane based simultaneous localization and mapping algorithm capable of processing the uneven sampling density of Velodyne-style scanning LiDAR sensors in real-time. The algorithm uses an efficient plane detector to rapidly provide stable features, both for localization and as landmarks in a graph-based SLAM. When planes cannot be detected or when they provide insufficient support for localization, a novel constraint tracking algorithm selects a minimal set of supplemental point features to be provided to the localization solver. Several difficult indoor and outdoor datasets, totaling 6981 scans, each with \(\sim \) 70,000 points, are used to analyze the performance of the algorithm without the aid of any additional sensors. The results are compared to two competing state-of-the-art algorithms, GICP and LOAM, showing up to an order of magnitude faster runtime and superior accuracy on all datasets, with loop closure errors of 0.14–0.95 m, compared to 0.44–66.11 m.

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Author notes

  1. W. Shane Grant and Randolph C. Voorhies have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA

    W. Shane Grant, Randolph C. Voorhies & Laurent Itti

  2. Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA

    Laurent Itti

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  1. W. Shane Grant
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  2. Randolph C. Voorhies
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  3. Laurent Itti
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Correspondence to W. Shane Grant.

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This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant Numbers CCF-1317433 and CNS-1545089), C-BRIC (one of six centers in JUMP, a Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) program sponsored by DARPA), the Army Research Office (W911NF-12-1-0433), the Office of Naval Research (N00014-13-1-0563), and the Intel Corporation. The authors affirm that the views expressed herein are solely their own, and do not represent the views of the United States government or any agency thereof.

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Grant, W.S., Voorhies, R.C. & Itti, L. Efficient Velodyne SLAM with point and plane features. Auton Robot 43, 1207–1224 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10514-018-9794-6

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