Abstract
Longwall extraction of coal seam disturbs the whole overburden strata, from the coal seam to the surface, and forms a subsidence basin. This paper investigated the mechanism of the overburden strata bending deformation, the alluvium mechanical parameters, and their effect on surface subsidence by the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation analysis. The dynamic processes of overburden failure and surface subsidence due to longwall mining was analyzed by a novel two-dimensional trapezoidal-area method. A “π-shaped” model was first developed to reveal that surface subsidence consists of the overburden strata bending deformation and the subsidence of the alluvium. The process and mechanism of the overburden strata bending transfer were analyzed, and two mechanical models of the strata bending deformation were established, i.e., the strata suspended bending model and the strata overhanging bending model. The maximum subsidence equation of the overburden strata bending basin was derived based on the theoretical analysis. Also, the effect of the alluvium mechanical parameters on the surface subsidence was investigated by numerical simulation analysis. The rationalities of the numerical simulation were validated by the field measurements. The results show that surface subsidence increases logarithmically during increased alluvium thickness and decreases exponentially and logarithmically during increased internal friction angles and increased cohesions, respectively.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.References
Asadi ASK, Goshtasbi K et al (2005) Development of a new mathematical model for prediction of surface subsidence due to inclined coal-seam mining. J South Afr Inst Min Metall 105:15–20
Bai E, Guo W, Tan Y, Yang D (2018) The analysis and application of granular backfill material to reduce surface subsidence in China’s northwest coal mining area. PLoS One 13:e0201112. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201112
Chang Z, Wang J, Chen M, Ao Z, Yao Q (2015) A novel ground surface subsidence prediction model for sub-critical mining in the geological condition of a thick alluvium layer. Front Earth Sci 9:330–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-014-0467-2
Cui X-M, Li C-Y, Hu Q-F, Miao X-X (2013) Prediction of surface subsidence due to underground mining based on the zenith angle. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 60:246–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2012.12.036
Ghabraie B, Ren G, Barbato J, Smith JV (2017a) A predictive methodology for multi-seam mining induced subsidence. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 93:280–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2017.02.003
Ghabraie B, Ren G, Smith JV (2017b) Characterising the multi-seam subsidence due to varying mining configuration, insights from physical modelling. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 93:269–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2017.02.001
Ghabraie B, Ren G, Zhang X, Smith J (2015) Physical modelling of subsidence from sequential extraction of partially overlapping longwall panels and study of substrata movement characteristics. Int J Coal Geol 140:71–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2015.01.004
Guo W, Zhao G, Lou G, Wang S (2019) A new method of predicting the height of the fractured water-conducting zone due to high-intensity longwall coal mining in China. Rock Mech Rock Eng 52:2789–2802. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-018-1567-1
Hamdi P, Stead D, Elmo D, Töyrä J (2018) Use of an integrated finite/discrete element method-discrete fracture network approach to characterize surface subsidence associated with sub-level caving. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 103:55–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.01.021
Howladar MF, Hasan K (2014) A study on the development of subsidence due to the extraction of 1203 slice with its associated factors around Barapukuria underground coal mining industrial area, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. Environ Earth Sci 72:3699–3713. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3419-y
Ju J, Xu J (2015) Surface stepped subsidence related to top-coal caving longwall mining of extremely thick coal seam under shallow cover. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 78:27–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2015.05.003
Khan SD, Huang Z, Karacay A (2014) Study of ground subsidence in Northwest Harris county using GPS, LiDAR, and InSAR techniques. Nat Hazards 73:1143–1173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1067-x
Lawson HE, Tesarik D, Larson MK, Abraham H (2017) Effects of overburden characteristics on dynamic failure in underground coal mining. Int J Min Sci Technol 27:121–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2016.10.001
Li LC, Tang CA, Zhao XD, Cai M (2014) Block caving-induced strata movement and associated surface subsidence: a numerical study based on a demonstration model. Bull Eng Geol Environ 73:1165–1182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-014-0656-y
Liu L, Schaefer KM, Chen AC, Gusmeroli A, Zebker HA, Zhang T (2015) Remote sensing measurements of thermokarst subsidence using InSAR. J Geophys Res Earth Surf 120:1935–1948. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jf003599
Ma C, Cheng X, Yang Y, Zhang X, Guo Z, Zou Y (2016) Investigation on mining subsidence based on multi-temporal InSAR and time-series analysis of the small baseline subset—case study of working faces 22201-1/2 in Bu’ertai Mine, Shendong Coalfield, China. Remote Sens 8:951. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8110951
McCay AT, Valyrakis M, Younger PL (2018) A meta-analysis of coal mining induced subsidence data and implications for their use in the carbon industry. Int J Coal Geol 192:91–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2018.03.013
Nie L, Zhang M, Jian H (2012) Analysis of surface subsidence mechanism and regularity under the influence of seism and fault. Nat Hazards 66:773–780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0515-8
Peng SS (2006) Longwall mining. 2nd ed. American Rock Mechanics Association
Peng SS (2008) Coal mine ground control. 3rd ed. Morgantown
Peng SS, Cheng J, Du F, Xue Y (2019) Underground ground control monitoring and interpretation, and numerical modeling, and shield capacity design. Int J Min Sci Technol 29:79–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2018.11.026
Ren W, Guo C, Peng Z, Wang Y (2010) Model experimental research on deformation and subsidence characteristics of ground and wall rock due to mining under thick overlying terrane. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 47:614–624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2009.12.012
Rošer J, Potočnik D, Vulić M (2018) Analysis of dynamic surface subsidence at the underground coal mining site in Velenje, Slovenia through modified sigmoidal function. Minerals 8:74. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8020074
Sepehri M, Apel DB, Hall RA (2017) Prediction of mining-induced surface subsidence and ground movements at a Canadian diamond mine using an elastoplastic finite element model. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 100:73–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2017.10.006
Wang B, Xu J, Xuan D (2018) Time function model of dynamic surface subsidence assessment of grout-injected overburden of a coal mine. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 104:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.01.044
Wang F, Jiang B, Chen S, Ren M (2019a) Surface collapse control under thick unconsolidated layers by backfilling strip mining in coal mines. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 113:268–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.11.006
Wang F, Xu J, Xie J (2019b) Effects of arch structure in unconsolidated layers on fracture and failure of overlying strata. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 114:141–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.12.016
Wempen JM (2020) Application of DInSAR for short period monitoring of initial subsidence due to longwall mining in the mountain West United States. Int J Min Sci Technol 30:33–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2019.12.011
Xu Y, Luo Y, Li J, Li K, Cao X (2018) Water and sand inrush during mining under thick unconsolidated layers and thin bedrock in the Zhaogu No. 1 Coal Mine, China. Mine Water Environ 37:336–345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-018-0539-8
Zhang B, Zhang L, Yang H, Zhang Z, Tao J (2016) Subsidence prediction and susceptibility zonation for collapse above goaf with thick alluvial cover: a case study of the Yongcheng coalfield, Henan Province, China. Bull Eng Geol Environ 75:1117–1132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-015-0834-6
Zhao G, Guo W, Li X (2019) Mechanical properties of mega-thick alluvium and their influence on the surface subsidence. Geotech Geol Eng 38:137–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-019-01003-y
Zhao J, Konietzky H (2020) Numerical analysis and prediction of ground surface movement induced by coal mining and subsequent groundwater flooding. Int J Coal Geol 229:103565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2020.103565
Zhou D-W, Wu K, Cheng G-L, Li L (2015) Mechanism of mining subsidence in coal mining area with thick alluvium soil in China. Arab J Geosci 8:1855–1867. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-014-1382-2
Funding
This investigation was financially supported by the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of China (U1810203) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51774111). All authors would like to thank the organizations for supporting this investigation.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Guo, W., Zhao, G., Bai, E. et al. Effect of overburden bending deformation and alluvium mechanical parameters on surface subsidence due to longwall mining. Bull Eng Geol Environ 80, 2751–2764 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-02091-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-02091-4