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Groundwater-recharge estimation using a surface electrical resistivity method in the Himalayan foothill region, India

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Abstract

A new method for the estimation of groundwater recharge is presented using a surface resistivity method and isotope technique. A linear relationship was obtained between the resistivity of the unsaturated top layer and the recharge estimated using a tritium tagging technique for the piedmont zone in the Himalayan foothill region, India. The relation can be used for the estimation of recharge using surface electrical resistivity measurements for the same geological formation. The data used for the study are 32 vertical electrical resistivity sounding measurements at a station interval of 2 km, tritium tagging studies at six selected sites and pre- and post-monsoon water-level monitoring in the piedmont zone of the Himalayan foothill region (India). The results of this study were mapped using GIS techniques. In the study area, a well-defined empirical relationship between unsaturated zone resistivity and recharge per cent was obtained. The method suggests a new application of surface electrical resistivity data in determining recharge per cent due to infiltration. The technique of estimating groundwater recharge using surface electrical resistivity measurement is efficient, economic, less time consuming and easy to use compared with other methods used for this purpose.

Resumé

Une nouvelle méthode permettant d’estimer la recharge des eaux souterraines a été présentée, utilisant une méthode de résistivité de surface et des méthodes isotopiques. Une relation linéaire a été obtenue entre la résistivité de la zone non saturée et la recharge estimée grâce au Tritium dans la zone du Piedmont au pied de l’Himalaya, Inde. La relation peut être utilisée pour l’estimation de la recharge en utilisant la méthode de résistivité de surface dans la même formation géologique. Les données utilisées pour l’étude sont vingt-deux sondages électriques réalisés tous les deux kilomètres, l’étude de la signature du tritium en six endroits sélectionnés, et la comparaison des niveaux piézométriques pré et post moussons. Les résultats de cette étude ont été cartographiés en utilisant les techniques SIG. Dans la zone d’étude une relation très bien définie entre la recharge (%) et la résistivité de la zone non saturée a été obtenue. La méthode suggère une nouvelle application de la résistivité de surface, pour déterminer le pourcentage de la recharge due à l’infiltration. Cette technique est efficace, économique, rapide et facile à mettre en oeuvre, en comparaison d’autres techniques utilisées pour atteindre le même objectif.

Resumen

Se presenta un método nuevo para estimar recarga de agua subterránea utilizando un método superficial de resistividad y una técnica de isótopos. Se ha obtenido una relación linear entre la resistividad de la capa superior no saturada y la recarga estimada utilizando la técnica de tritio marcado etiquetado para la zona de piedemontes en la región de colinas al pie del Himalaya, India. La relación puede utilizarse para estimar recarga usando mediciones superficiales de resistividad eléctrica para la misma formación geológica. Los datos utilizados en el estudio consisten de treinta y dos mediciones de sondeos eléctricos verticales de resistividad en un intervalo de estaciones de dos km, estudios de tritio marcado en seis sitios seleccionados y monitoreo de niveles de agua, pre-monzón y post-monzón, en la zona piedemontes de la región de colinas al pie del Himalaya (India). Se mapearon los resultados de este estudio utilizando técnicas SIG. Se obtuvo para el área una relación empírica bien definida entre la resistividad de la zona no saturada y el porcentaje de recarga. El método sugiere una aplicación nueva de los datos superficiales de resistividad eléctrica en la determinación del porcentaje de recarga ocasionado por infiltración. La técnica de estimar recarga de agua subterránea utilizando mediciones superficiales de resistividad eléctrica es eficiente, económica, demanda poco tiempo, y fácil de utilizar en comparación con otros métodos que se utilizan para este propósito.

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Acknowledgement

The authors are thankful to Dr S.K. Verma, scientist, National Institute of Hydrology Roorkee, for helping in the field programme related to the tritium injection studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Science, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India

    M. Israil

  2. Department of Hydrology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India

    Mufid al-hadithi & D. C. Singhal

  3. National Institute of Hydrology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India

    Bhism Kumar

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  1. M. Israil
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  2. Mufid al-hadithi
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  3. D. C. Singhal
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Correspondence to M. Israil.

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Israil, M., al-hadithi, M., Singhal, D. . et al. Groundwater-recharge estimation using a surface electrical resistivity method in the Himalayan foothill region, India. Hydrogeol J 14, 44–50 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0391-8

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