Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of graded doses of l-glutamine supplementation on the replication and distribution of Pasteurella multocida, and the expression of its major virulence factors in mouse model. Mice were randomly assigned to the basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 % glutamine. Pasteurella multocida burden was detected in the heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney after 12 h of P. multocida infection. The expression of major virulence factors, toll-like receptors (TLRs), proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and anti-oxidative factors (GPX1 and CuZnSOD) was analyzed in the lung and spleen. Dietary 0.5 % glutamine supplementation has little significant effect on these parameters, compared to those with basal diet. However, results showed that a high dose of glutamine supplementation increased the P. multocida burden (P < 0.001) and the expression of its major virulence factors (P < 0.05) as compared to those with a lower dose of supplementation. In the lung, high dose of glutamine supplementation inhibited the proinflammatory responses (P < 0.05) and TLRs signaling (P < 0.05). In the spleen, the effect of glutamine supplementation on different components in TLR signaling depends on glutamine concentration, and high dose of glutamine supplementation activated the proinflammatory response. In conclusion, glutamine supplementation increased P. multocida burden and the expression of its major virulence factors, while affecting the functions of the lung and spleen.
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Abbreviations
- IL-1 β:
-
Interleukin-1 beta
- IL-6:
-
Interleukin-6
- TNF-α:
-
Tumor necrosis factor alpha
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Acknowledgments
This research was jointly supported by National Basic Research Projects (2012CB124704 and 2009CB118800), Hunan Provincial Project (2013RS4065 and 2012GK4066), the National Science and Technology Support Program funding (2012BAD39B03), Comprehensive Strategic Cooperation projects from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guangdong Province (2012B091100210), Nanjing Branch Academy of Chinese Academy of Science and Jiangxi Province Cooperation Project, MATS-Beef Cattle Yak system (CARS-38), National Natural Science Foundation of China (30901041, 30972167, 30901040, 30928018, 30972156, 30871801, 30828024, 30828025, 30771558 and 30700581), National 863 Project (2008AA10Z316), the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams, Texas AgriLife Research project (No. 8200), Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2010GB2D200322) and Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (10JJ2028).
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W. Ren and S. Liu contributed equally to the present study.
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Ren, W., Liu, S., Chen, S. et al. Dietary l-glutamine supplementation increases Pasteurella multocida burden and the expression of its major virulence factors in mice. Amino Acids 45, 947–955 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-013-1551-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-013-1551-8