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Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of eosin B–loaded nano-liposomes for growth inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum

  • Protozoology - Original Paper
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Abstract

Malaria is a deadly disease in humans caused by the Plasmodium parasite. High prevalence of malaria and resistance of malaria parasite to currently proposed drugs have increased the need to introduce and use new and effective antimalarial agents. In this study, eosin B was used as an effective antimalarial agent, the efficacy of which has already been confirmed by in vitro models. Also, for efficacy and safety improvement of eosin B, liposomal nanocarrier was used because of diversity and adaptability in controlled drug delivery and targeting. Eosin B was trapped inside liposomal nanocarriers by thin layer hydration method and its optimization was performed based on size, polydispersity index, and drug entrapment efficiency. Finally, the eosin B–loaded liposomes were tested on Plasmodium falciparum in culture to evaluate its anti-plasmodial effect. According to the results, the formulation with DSPC:cholesterol 8:1 (molar ratio) and drug concentration of 3 mg/ml was selected as the optimal form. The optimal nano-liposomes showed a size of 163.3 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.250, and an encapsulation efficiency of 69.94%. The process of drug release from nanocarriers was also obtained about 63% at the end of 72 h. Stability studies over 2 months at 25 °C and 4 °C on the optimum sample showed that the samples stored in the refrigerator were more stable in terms of size characteristics, polydispersity index, and drug entrapment efficiency. The results indicate a greater effect of liposomal-formulated eosin B on inhibiting parasite growth compared to the free eosin B.

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Availability of data and materials

All data that were analyzed during this study are included in this published article. The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy restrictions.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, and Pasteur of Iran for providing the necessary laboratory facilities for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Mana Najafzadeh & Monire Movahedi

  2. Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran

    Haleh Bakhshandeh & Seyed Mohammad Atyabi

  3. Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran

    Zahra Zamani

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  1. Mana Najafzadeh
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  2. Haleh Bakhshandeh
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  3. Zahra Zamani
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  4. Monire Movahedi
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  5. Seyed Mohammad Atyabi
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Contributions

H.B. and Z.Z. developed the idea and designed the experiments. M.N. conducted the experiments. M.N., M.M., and M.A. analyzed the data. M.N. wrote the manuscript. All authors confirmed the final manuscript before the submission.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Haleh Bakhshandeh or Zahra Zamani.

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There are no “human subjects” in this study. Also, the manuscript does not contain experiments using animals.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Section Editor: Tobili Sam-Yellowe

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Najafzadeh, M., Bakhshandeh, H., Zamani, Z. et al. Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of eosin B–loaded nano-liposomes for growth inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitol Res 121, 383–393 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07395-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07395-2

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