Abstract
Purpose
Low intake of dietary fibre is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. Dyslipidaemia plays a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Knowledge of the impact of dietary fibres on postprandial lipaemia is, however, sparse. This study aimed in subjects with metabolic syndrome to assess the impact on postprandial lipaemia and features of the metabolic syndrome of a healthy carbohydrate diet (HCD) rich in cereal fibre, arabinoxylan and resistant starch compared to a refined-carbohydrate western-style diet (WSD).
Methods
Nineteen subjects completed the randomised, crossover study with HCD and WCD for 4-week. Postprandial metabolism was evaluated by a meal-challenge test and insulin sensitivity was assessed by HOMA-IR and Matsuda index. Furthermore, fasting cholesterols, serum-fructosamine, circulating inflammatory markers, ambulatory blood pressure and intrahepatic lipid content were measured.
Results
We found no diet effects on postprandial lipaemia. However, there was a significant diet × statin interaction on total cholesterol (P = 0.02) and LDL cholesterol (P = 0.002). HCD decreased total cholesterol (−0.72 mmol/l, 95% CI (−1.29; −0.14) P = 0.03) and LDL cholesterol (−0.61 mmol/l, 95% CI (−0.86; −0.36) P = 0.002) compared with WSD in subjects on but not without statin treatment. We detected no other significant diet effects.
Conclusions
In subjects with metabolic syndrome on statins a 4-week diet rich in arabinoxylan and resistant starch improved fasting LDL and total cholesterol compared to subjects not being on statins. However, we observed no diet related impact on postprandial lipaemia or features of the metabolic syndrome. The dietary fibre x statin interaction deserves further elucidation.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Eva Molgaard Jensen, Lene Trudso and Tove Skrumsager for technical assistance and Kia Valum Rasmussen for dietetic assistance. Also, we thank professor Knud Erik Bach Knudsen and senior researcher Helle Nygaard Laerke from the Department of Animal Science at Aarhus University for carrying out the chemical analyses of the key foods. Associate professor Bo Martin Bibby and statistician Simon Bang Kristensen from the Department of Biostatistics at Aarhus University were consulted for statistical advice. The study was funded by The Danish Council for Strategic Research (DSF 10-093526). The following companies provided food items for the study participants: Lantmännen R&D; Ingredion Incorporated Inc.; DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences ApS; KMC AmbA; Lantmännen Cerealia A/S and Lantmännen Schulstad A/S.
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Schioldan, A.G., Gregersen, S., Hald, S. et al. Effects of a diet rich in arabinoxylan and resistant starch compared with a diet rich in refined carbohydrates on postprandial metabolism and features of the metabolic syndrome. Eur J Nutr 57, 795–807 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1369-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1369-8