[go: up one dir, main page]
Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Combined effect of El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation on the East Asian winter monsoon

  • Published:
Climate Dynamics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Using long-term observational data and numerical model experiments, the combined effect of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) on the variability of the East Asian winter monsoon is examined. In the observations, it is found that when the ENSO and PDO are in-phase combinations (i.e., El Niño/positive PDO phase and La Niña/negative PDO phase), a negative relationship between ENSO and East Asian winter monsoon is significantly intensified. In other words, when El Niño (La Niña) occurs with positive (negative) PDO phase, anomalous warm (cold) temperatures are dominant over the East Asian winter continent. On the other hand, there are no significant temperature anomalies when the ENSO and PDO are out-of-phase combinations (i.e., El Niño/negative PDO phase and La Niña/positive PDO phase). Further analyses indicate that the anticyclone over the western North Pacific including the East Asian marginal seas plays an essential role in modulating the intensity of the East Asian winter monsoon under the changes of ENSO–PDO phase relationship. Long-lasting high pressure and warm sea surface temperature anomalies during the late fall/winter and following spring over the western North Pacific, which appear as the El Niño occurs with positive PDO phase, can lead to a weakened East Asian winter monsoon by transporting warm and wet conditions into the East Asian continent through the southerly wind anomalies along the western flank of the anomalous high pressure, and vice versa as the La Niña occurs with negative PDO phase. In contrast, the anomalous high pressure over the western North Pacific does not show a prominent change under the out-of-phase combinations of ENSO and PDO. Numerical model experiments confirm the observational results, accompanying dominant warm temperature anomalies over East Asia via strong anticyclonic circulation anomalies near the Philippine Sea as the El Niño occurs with positive PDO phase, whereas such warming is weakened as the El Niño occurs with negative PDO phase. This result supports the argument that the changes in the East Asian winter monsoon intensity with ENSO are largely affected by the strength of the anticyclone over the western North Pacific, which significantly changes according to the ENSO–PDO phase relationship.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Annamalai H, Liu P, Xie SP (2005) Southwest Indian Ocean SST variability: its local effect and remote influence on Asian monsoons. J Clim 18:4150–4167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birk K, Lupo AR, Guinan P, Barbieri CE (2010) The interannual variability of Midwestern temperatures and precipitation as related to the ENSO and PDO. Atmósfera 23:95–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan JCL, Li C (2004) The East Asia winter monsoon. In: Chang CP (ed) East Asian monsoon. World Scientific Series on Meteorology of East Asia, vol. 2. World Scientific, pp 54–106

  • Chang CP, Lau KM (1982) Short-term planetary-scale interaction over the tropics and the midlatitudes during northern winter. Part 1: contrast between active and inactive periods. Mon Wea Rev 110:933–946

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang CP, Erickson JE, Lau KM (1979) Northeasterly cold waves and near-equatorial disturbances over the winter MONEX area during December 1974. Part I: synoptic aspects. Mon Wea Rev 107:812–829

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang CP, Wang Z, Ju J, Li T (2004) On the relationship between western maritime continent monsoon rainfall and ENSO during northern winter. J Clim 17:665–672

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang CP, Wang Z, Hendon H (2006) The Asian winter monsoon. In: Wang B (ed) The Asian monsoon. Springer, Berlin, pp 89–127

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Chen W, Graf H, Huang RH (2000) The interannual variability of East Asian winter monsoon and its relation to the summer monsoon. Adv Atmos Sci 17:48–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen W, Feng J, Wu R (2013) Roles of ENSO and PDO in the Link of the East Asian winter monsoon to the following summer monsoon. J Clim 26:622–635

    Google Scholar 

  • Cui X, Sun Z (1999) East Asian winter monsoon index and its variation analysis. J Nanjing Inst Meteor 22:321–325

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis RE (1976) Predictability of sea surface temperature and sea level pressure anomalies over the North Pacific Ocean. J Phys Oceanogr 6:249–266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ding YH (1994) Monsoons over China. Atmospheric sciences library, vol. 16. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, p 432

  • Gershunov A, Barnett TP (1998) Interdecadal modulation of ENSO teleconnections. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 79(12):2715–2725

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gong DY, Wang SW, Zhu JH (2001) East Asian winter monsoon and Arctic Oscillation. Geophys Res Lett 28:2073–2076

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo QY (1982) Relationship between the variations of East Asian winter monsoon and temperature anomalies in China. Chin J Appl Meteor 5:218–225

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamada JI, Yamanaka M, Matsumoto J, Fukao S, Winarso P, Sribimawati T (2002) Spatial and temporal variations of the rainy season over Indonesia and their link to ENSO. J Meteor Soc Jpn 80:285–310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hong SY, Park H, Cheong HB, Kim JE, Koo MS, Jang J, Ham S, Hwang SO, Park BK, Chang EC, Li H (2013) The global/regional integrated model system (GRIMs). Asia-Pac J Atmos Sci 49(2):219–243

  • Horel JD, Wallace JM (1981) Planetary-scale atmospheric phenomena associated with the Southern Oscillation. Mon Wea Rev 109:813–829

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu ZZ, Huang BH (2009) Interferential impact of ENSO and PDO on dry and wet conditions in the U.S. Great plains. J Clim 22:6047–6065

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang RH, Zhou LT, Chen W (2003) The progresses of recent studies on the variabilities of the East Asian monsoon and their causes. Adv Atmos Sci 20:55–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang RH, Chen JL, Huang G (2007) Characteristics and variations of the East Asian monsoon system and its impacts on climate disasters in China. Adv Atmos Sci 24:993–1023. doi:10.1007/s00376-007-0993-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jhun JG, Lee EJ (2004) A new East Asian winter monsoon index and associated characteristics of winter monsoon. J Clim 17:711–726

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ji LR, Shuqing S, Arpe K, Bengtsson L (1997) Model study on the interannual variability of Asian winter monsoon. Adv Atmos Sci 14:1–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kang I, Jeong Y (1996) Association of interannual variations of temperature and precipitation in Seoul with principal modes of Pacific SST. J Korean Meteor Soc 32:339–345

    Google Scholar 

  • Kayano MT, Andreoli RV (2007) Relations of South American summer rainfall interannual variations with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Int J Climatol 27:531–540

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurthy V, Kirtman BP (2009) Relation between Indian monsoon variability and SST. J Clim 22:4437–4458

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kung EC, Chern JG (1995) Prevailing anomaly patterns of the global sea surface temperatures and tropospheric responses. Atmósfera 8:99–114

    Google Scholar 

  • Latif M, Barnett TP (1996) Decadal climate variability over the North Pacific and North America: dynamics and predictability. J Clim 9:2407–2423

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lau KM, Chang CP (1987) Planetary scale aspects of the winter monsoon and atmospheric teleconnections. In: Chang CP, Krishnamurti TN (eds) Monsoon meteorology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 161–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Lau KM, Li MT (1984) The monsoon of East Asia and its global associations—a survey. Bull Am Meteor Soc 65:114–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lau NC, Nath MJ (1994) A modeling study of the relative roles of tropical and extratropical SST anomalies in the variability of the global atmosphere-ocean system. J Clim 7:1184–1207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li X (1955) A study of cold waves in East Asia. In: Scientific works in Modern China-Meteorology (1919–1949) (in Chinese). Science Press, Beijing, pp 35–118

  • Li S, Bates G (2007) Influence of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation on the winter climate of East China. Adv Atmos Sci 24:126–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li J, Zeng Q (2002) A unified monsoon index. Geophys Res Lett 29:1274. doi:10.1029/2001GL013874

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu E, Chan J (1999) A unified monsoon index for south China. J Clim 12:2375–2385

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lupo AR, Kelsey EP, Weitlich DK, Mokhov II, Akyuz FA, Guinan PE, Woolard JE (2007) Interannual and interdecadal variability in the predominant Pacific Region SST anomaly patterns and their impact on a local climate. Atmósfera 20:171–196

    Google Scholar 

  • Mantua NJ, Hare SR, Zhang Y, Wallace JM, Francis RC (1997) A Pacific interdecadal climate oscillation with impacts on salmon production. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 78(6):1069–1079

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCabe GJ, Ault TR, Cook BI, Betancourt JL, Schwartz MD (2011) Influences of the El Niño Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation on the timing of the North American spring. Int J Climatol (published online). doi:10.1002/joc.3400

  • Paegle JN, Mo KC (2002) Linkages between summer rainfall variability over South America and sea surface temperature anomalies. J Clim 15:1389–1407

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parker DE, Folland CK, Jackson M (1995) Marine surface temperature: observed variations and data requirements. Clim Change 31:559–600

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pavia EG, Graef F, Reyes J (2006) PDO-ENSO effects in the climate of Mexico. J Clim 19:6433–6438

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson TC, Vose RS (1997) An overview of the Global Historical Climatology Network temperature database. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 78:2837–2849

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds RW, Rayner NA, Smith TM, Stokes DC, Wang W (2002) An improved in situ and satellite SST analysis for climate. J Clim 15:1609–1625

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simmons A, Uppala S, Dee D, Kobayashi S (2006) ERA-Interim: new ECMWF reanalysis products from 1989 onwards. ECMWF Newsl 110:26–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith TM, Reynolds RW, Peterson TC, Lawrimore J (2008) Improvements to NOAA’s historical merged land-ocean surface temperature analysis (1880–2006). J Clim 21:2283–2296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steffen K, Box JE, Abdalati W (1996) Greenland climate network: GC-Net. In: Colbeck SC (ed) CRREL 96-27 special report on glaciers, ice sheets and volcanoes, trib. to M. Meier, pp 98–103

  • Swanson KL, Tsonis AA (2009) Has climate recently shifted? Geophys Res Lett 36:L06711. doi:10.1029/2008GL037022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tao SY (1957) A study of activities of cold airs in East Asian winter. In: China Meteorological Administration (eds) Handbook of short-term forecast. Meteorology Press, pp 60–92

  • Tao S, Zhang Q (1998) Response of the East Asian summer monsoon to ENSO events (in Chinese). Sci Atmos Sinica 22:399–407

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomita T, Yasunari T (1996) Role of the northeast winter monsoon on the biennial oscillation of the ENSO/monsoon system. J Meteor Soc Jpn 74:399–413

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsonis AA, Swanson KL, Kravtsov S (2007) A new dynamical mechanism for major climate shift. Geophys Res Let 34:L13705. doi:10.1029/2007GL030288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uppala SM et al (2005) The ERA-40 reanalysis. Q J R Meteorol Soc 131:2961–3012 560, 1992

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace JM, Gutzler DS (1981) Teleconnections in the geopotential height field during the northern hemisphere winter. Mon Wea Rev 109:784–812

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang B, Wu R, Fu X (2000) Pacific-east Asian teleconnection: how does ENSO affect east Asian climate? J Clim 13:1517–1536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang L, Chen W, Huang R (2008) Interdecadal modulation of PDO on the impact of ENSO on the East Asian winter monsoon. Geophys Res Lett 35:L20702. doi:10.1029/2008GL035287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang B, Wu Z, Chang C, Liu J, Li J, Zhou T (2010) Another look at interannual-to-interdecadal variations of the East Asian Winter Monsoon: the Northern and Southern temperature modes. J Clim 23:1495–1512

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe M, Jin F (2002) Role of Indian Ocean warming in the development of Philippine Sea anticyclone during ENSO. Geophys Res Lett 29(10):1478. doi:10.1029/2001GL014318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe M, Jin FF (2003) A moist linear baroclinic model: coupled dynamical—convective response to El Niño. J Clim 16:1121–1139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilks DS (2006) Statistical methods in the atmospheric science. Academic Press, San Diego, p 648

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu BY, Zhang R, D’Arrigo R (2006) Distinct modes of the East Asian winter monsoon. Mon Wea Rev 134:2165–2179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu Z, Li J, Wang B, Liu X (2009) Can the Southern Hemisphere annular mode affect Chinese winter monsoon? J Geophys Res 114:D11107. doi:10.1029/2008JD011501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xie S-P, Hu K, Hafner J, Tokinaga H, Du Y, Huang G, Sampe T (2009) Indian Ocean capacitor effect on Indo-western Pacific climate during the summer following El Niño. J Clim 22:730–747

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang J, Liu Q, Xie SP, Liu Z, Wu L (2007) Impact of the Indian Ocean SST basin mode on the Asian summer monsoon. Geophys Res Lett 34:L02708. doi:10.1029/2006GL028571

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yoon JH, Yeh SW (2010) Influence of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation on the Relationship between El Niño and the Northeast Asian summer monsoon. J Clim 23:4525–4537

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang R, Sumi A, Kimoto M (1996) Impact of El Niño on the East Asian monsoon: a diagnostic study of the ’86/87 and ’91/92 events. J Meteor Soc Jpn 74:49–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Wallace JM, Battisti DS (1997a) ENSO-like interdecadal variability: 1900–93. J Clim 10:1004–1020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Sperber KR, Boyle JS (1997b) Climatology and interannual variation of the East Asian winter monsoon: results from the 1979–95 NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. Mon Wea Rev 125:2605–2619

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (MEST) (NRF-2009-C1AAA001-2009-0093042). S.-W. Yeh was funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER 2012–3041.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Ji-Won Kim

    Present address: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Climate Change Research Team, APEC Climate Center, Busan, Korea

    Ji-Won Kim

  2. Department of Environmental Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, ERICA, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea

    Sang-Wook Yeh

  3. Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan

    Eun-Chul Chang

Authors
  1. Ji-Won Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sang-Wook Yeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Eun-Chul Chang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sang-Wook Yeh.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kim, JW., Yeh, SW. & Chang, EC. Combined effect of El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation on the East Asian winter monsoon. Clim Dyn 42, 957–971 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1730-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1730-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation