Abstract
Objective
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are members of the degenerin/epithelial sodium channel (DEG/ENaC) protein superfamily and play a critical role in acid-induced cell injury. In this study, we examined whether drugs such as amiloride that block ASICs could attenuate acid-induced apoptotic injury to articular chondrocytes.
Methods
Articular chondrocytes were isolated from Sprague–Dawley rats, and their phenotype was determined by toluidine blue and immunocytochemical staining. Articular chondrocyte viability assay was performed with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). Apoptosis of chondrocytes was observed by the terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling method as well as propidium iodide labeling methods. Intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) was analyzed by a Ca2+-imaging method. In addition, the expression levels of calpain and calcineurin in articular chondrocytes were examined by real-time PCR and immunocytochemical staining. The activity of caspase-3 was evaluated by spectrophotometric assays.
Results
Positive staining for glycosaminoglycan and collagen II was seen in articular chondrocytes. Blocking acid-sensing ion channels significantly decreased the cell death percentage and increased cell viability following acid exposure. After pretreated with amiloride, acid-induced [Ca2+]i rises were reduced. Amiloride also inhibited calpain and calcineurin expression levels in acid-induced chondrocytes, and inhibited caspase-3 activity.
Conclusion
The data presented in this study provided some experimental evidence that blocking ASICs could protect acid-induced apoptotic injury to chondrocytes.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the China National Science Foundation Grants No. 30873080 and No. 30901526.
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Responsible Editor: John Di Battista.
W. Hu, F.-L. Yuan are the authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors.
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Hu, W., Chen, FH., Yuan, FL. et al. Blockade of acid-sensing ion channels protects articular chondrocytes from acid-induced apoptotic injury. Inflamm. Res. 61, 327–335 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-011-0414-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-011-0414-6