The Ge−Sn (Germanium−Tin) system

• 37Gue: W. Guertler and M. Pirani, “The Systems Tin-Germanium and Tin-Beryllium”,Tech. Publications of the International Tin Research and Development Council, A, Vol. 50, 1–23 (1937). (Equi Diagram; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)

  Google Scholar 

• 39Sto: H. Stöhr and W. Klemm, “Über Zweistoffsysteme mit Germanium, I” (On the Binary Systems with Germanium, I),Z. Anorg. Chem., 241, 305–323 (1939) in German. (Equi Diagram; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)

  Article  Google Scholar 

• 46Dow: L. Dowell and K. Lark-Horowitz, “X-Ray Investigations of Germanium-Tin Alloys”,Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., 56, 237 (1946). (Crys Structure; Experimental)

  Google Scholar 

• 53Thu: C.D. Thurmond, “Equilibrium Thermochemistry of Solid and Liquid Alloys of Germanium and of Silicon, I”,J. Phys. Chem., 57, 827–830 (1953). (Equi Diagram, Thermo; Theory)

  Article  Google Scholar 

• 54Bur: J.A. Burton, “Impurity Centers in Ge and Si”,Phys., 20, 845–854 (1954) (Equi Diagram; Review)

  ADS  Google Scholar 

• 56Thu: C.D. Thurmond, F.A. Trumbore, and M. Kowalchik, “Germanium Solidus Curves”,J. Phys. Chem., 25, 799–800 (1956). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

  Article  Google Scholar 

• 56Tru: F.A. Trumbore, “Solid Solubilities and Electrical Properties of Tin in Germanium Single Crystals”,J. Electrochem. Soc., 103, 597–600 (1956). (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Experimental)

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Indicates key paper58Tru: F.A. Trumbore, C.R. Isenberg, and E.M. Porbansky, “On the Temperature-Dependence of the Distribution Coefficient. The Solid Solubilities of Tin in Silicon and Germanium”,J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 9, 60–69 (1958). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

  Article  Google Scholar 

• 58Vas: V.M. Vasilevska and O.G. Miseluk, “Segregatsya i Rozchinnist Domishok Zaliza ta Olova v Germanii pri Kristalizatsii (Segregation and Solubility of Iron and Tin Impurities in Germanium on Crystallization)”,Ukr. Fiz. Zh., 3, 71–78 (1958) in Russian. (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

  Google Scholar 

• 60Pok: N.L. Pokrovskii and D. S. Tissen, “Properties of Metallic Solutions, VI”,Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 34, 592–594 (1960). (Equi Diagram, Experimental)

  Google Scholar 

• Indicates key paper60Thu: C.D. Thurmond and M. Kowalchik, “Germanium and Silicon Liquidus Curves”,Bell Sys. Tech. J., 39, 169–204 (1960). (Equi Diagram, Thermo; Experimental)

  Google Scholar 

• 60Thu: F.A. Trumbore, “Solid Solubilities of Impurity Elements in Germanium and Silicon”,Bell Sys. Tech. J., 39, 205–233 (1960). (Equi Diagram, Theory)

  Google Scholar 

• 62Kle: O.J. Kleppa and R.C. King, “Heats of Formation of the Solid Solutions of Zinc, Gallium, and Germanium in Copper”,Acta Metall., 10, 1183–1186 (1962) (Thermo; Experimental)

  Article  Google Scholar 

• 62Min: S. Minomura and H.G. Drickamer, “Pressure Induced Phase Transitions in Silicon, Germanium, and Some III–V Compounds”,J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 23, 451–456 (1962). (Pressure, Meta Phases)

  Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

• 66Bea: P. Beardmore, B.W. Howlett, B.D. Lichter, and M.B. Bever, “Thermodynamic Properties of Compounds of Magnesium and Group IVB Elements”,Trans. AIME, 236, 102–108 (1966). (Thermo; Experimental)

  Google Scholar 

• 66Bub: A.I. Bublik and V.A. Frolov, “Elektronograficheskoye Issledovanye Stroyenya Splavov Sistemy Ge−Sn v Tonkikh Plenkakh (Electron Diffraction Study of Alloy Structure of the Ge−Sn System in Thin Films)”,Strukt. Svoystva Met. Plenok, 71–77 (1966) in Russian. (Meta Phases Crys Structure; Experimental)

• 66Mat: J.-C. Mathieu, F. Durand, and E. Bonnier, “Emploi d’un Calorimètre sous Vide pour la Mesure des Chaleurs de Dissolution de Ge, Al, et Ag dans Sn à 700 °C; Mesures des Enthalpies de Sn, ZrB₂, TiB₂, BN, et B₄C (Application of a Vacuum Calorimeter to Measure the Heats of Solution of Ge, Al and Ag in Sn at 700 °C; Measurements of Enthalpies of Sn, ZrB₂, TiB₂, BN, and B₄C)”,Thermodynamics, (1966) in French. (Thermo; Experimental)

• 68Abr: N.Kh. Abrikosov and S.N. Chizhevskaya, “Poluchenye Metastabilnykh Tverdykh Rastvorov v Systeme Ge−Sn (Preparation of Metastable Solid Solutions in a Ge−Sn System)”,Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Neorg. Mater., 4, 1170–1172 (1968) in Russian. (Meta Phases; Experimental)

  Google Scholar 

• Indicates key paper70Pre: B. Predel and D.W. Stein, “Thermodynamische Untersuchung der Systeme Germanium-Zinn, Germanium-Indium, and Germanium-Antimon (Thermodynamic Investigation of the Systems Ge−Sn, Ge−In, and Ge−Sb)”,Z. Metallkd., 61, 909–914 (1970) (Thermo; Experimental)

  Google Scholar 

• 70Str: G.B. Stringfellow and P.E. Greene, “A Quasi-Chemical Equilibrium Calculation of the Ge−Si−Sn and Ge−Si−Pb Ternary Phase Diagrams”,J. Electrochem. Soc., 117, 1075–1079 (1970). (Equi Diagram, Thermo; Theory)

  Article  Google Scholar 

• 71Bat1: G.I. Batalin, E.A. Beloborodova, V.A. Stukalo, and V.S. Sudavtseva, “Termodinamicheskye Svoystva Zhidkikh Rastvorov Sistemy Germanij-Olovo (Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Solutions of the Ge−Sn System)”,Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Neorg. Mater., 7, 202–205 (1971) in Russian. (Thermo; Experimental)

  Google Scholar 

• 71Bat2: G.I. Batalin, E.A. Beloborodova, and V.A. Stukalo, “Thermodynamic Properties of Binary Liquid Alloys of Germanium with Tin and Indium”,Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 45, 1136–1137 (1971). (Thermo; Experimental)

  Google Scholar 

• 71Kuz: R.N. Kuzmin and S.V. Nikitina, “Effekt Messbauera v Tverdom Rastvore Olova v Germanii (Mössbauer Effect in a Solid Solution of Tin in Germanium)”,Fiz. Tverd. Tela, 13, 3728–3730 (1971) in Russian; TR:Sov. Phys. Solid State, 13, 3151–3158 (1972). (Meta Phases, Crys Structure, Experimental)

  Google Scholar 

• 72Sat: S. Sato and N. Yamaguchi, “Pseudogap of Energy in Amorphous Ge−Sn Films”,J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 33, 1497 (1972). (Meta Phases; Experimental)

  Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

• 72Tem: R.J. Temkin, G.A.N. Connell, and W. Paul, “Structural and Optical Properties of Amorphous Ge _x Sn_1−x Alloys”,Solid State Commun., 11, 1591–1595 (1972). (Meta Phases, Crys Structure; Experimental)

  Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

• 74Tam: K. Tamura, J. Fukushima, and H. Endo, “Non-Metal to Metal Transition in Amorphous Ge and Ge−Sn Alloys Under High Pressure”,J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 36, 558–564 (1974). (Meta Phases, Pressure; Experimental)

  Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

• 74Tem: R.J. Temkin and W. Paul, “Crystallization Studies of Amorphous Ge _x Sn_1−x ,”Amorphous Liquid Semiconductors, 5th Proc. Int. Conf., Vol. 2, 1193–1200 (1974). (Meta Phases, Crys Structure; Experimental)

  Google Scholar 

• 75Kuzl: G.M. Kuznetsov, L.S. Tsurgan, F.A. Gimelfar, and V.A. Rotenberg, “Opredelenye Kontsentratsii Olova v Pervichnykh Kristallakh Tverdykh Rastvorov na Osnove Germanya (Determination of the Concentration of Tin in Primary Crystals of Germanium-Based Solid Solutions)”,Zavod. Lab., 41, 803–805 (1975) in Russian. (Meta Phases, Crys Structure; Experimental)

  Google Scholar 

• 75Kuz2: G.M. Kuznetsov, L.S. Tsurgan, A.A. Pedos, T.N. Selikhova, and V.A. Rotenberg, “Vlyanye Skorosti Okhlazhdenya na Koeffitsient Raspredelenya Sn Mezhdu Zhidkoy Fazoy i Kristallami Tverdogo Rastvora Osnove Ge (Influence of Cooling Rate on the Partition Coefficient of Sn Between the Liquid Phase and Crystals of a Ge-Base Solid Solution)”,Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Neorg. Mater., 11 1725–1727 (1975) in Russian. (Meta Phases; Experimental)

  Google Scholar 

• 76Bat: G.I. Batalin, E.A. Beloborodova, N.N. Minenko, V.A. Stukalo, and V.A. Bokhonko, “Termodinamicheskye Svoystva Zhidkikh Splavov Ge−Sn (Thermodynamic Properties of Ge−Sn Liquid Alloys)”,Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Neorg. Mater., 12, 1284–1286 (1976) in Russian. (Thermo, Experimental)

  Google Scholar 

• 77Bar: I. Barin, and O. Knacke, and O. Kubaschewski,Thermodynamic Properties of Inorganic Substances, Springer-Verlag, New York (1977). (Thermo; Compilation)

  Google Scholar 

• 78How: S.M. Howard and J.P. Hager, “Thermodynamic Properties of the Liquid Sn−Ge and Sn−Au Systems by Mass Spectrometry”,Metall. Trans. B, 9, 51–59 (1978). (Thermo; Experimental)

  Google Scholar 

• 78Mec: L.A. Mechkovskij, P.P. Zhuk, and A.A. Vecher, “Opredelenye Entalpij Smeshenya v Sisteme Germanij-Olovo-Svinets” (Determination of Enthalpies of Mixing in the Germanium-Tin-Lead System)”,Zh. Fiz. Khim., 52, 2779–2781 (1978) in Russian; TR:Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 52, 1602 (1978). (Thermo; Experimental)

  Google Scholar 

• 79Ans: I. Ansara, J.P. Bros, and M. Gambino, “Thermodynamic Analysis of the Germanium-Based Ternary Systems”,Calphad, 3, 225–233 (1979). (Equi Diagram, Thermo; Theory; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Indicates key paper80For: M. Fornaris, Y.M. Muggianu, M. Gambino, and J.P. Bros, “Enthalpy of Formation of Gallium-Germanium-Tin Liquid Alloys: Evaluation of the Liquidus Surface of the Phase Diagram from Excess Functions of Mixing”,Z. Naturforsch., 35a, 1256–1264 (1980). (Equi Diagram, Thermo; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)

  ADS  Google Scholar 

• 81BAP: Melting Points of the Elements”,Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams,2 (1), 145–146 (1981). (Equi Diagram; Compilation)

• 81Kin: H.W. King, “Crystal Structures of the Elements at 25 °C”,Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams, 2(3), 402–403 (1981) (Crys Structure; Compilation)

  Article  Google Scholar 

• 81Som1: T. Soma, H. Matsuo, and S. Kagaya, “Phase Diagrams of the Si−Sn and Ge−Sn Systems”,Phys. Status Solidi (b), 105, 311–314 (1981). (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure, Thermo; Theory; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)

  Article  Google Scholar 

• 81Som2: T. Soma, H. Matsuo, and T. Katoh, “The Heat of Mixing in Liquid Si−Ge, Si−Sn, and Ge−Sn Mixtures”,Phys. Status Solidi (b), 106, K5-K7 (1981). (Equi Diagram, Thermo; Theory; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)

  Article  Google Scholar 

Download references