Abstract
The theoretical background of the adsorption isotherm equation of Brunauer, Emmett and Teller is reviewed, together with the experimental techniques available for measuring physical adsorption of gases by solids. Examples are given to show how such measurements are used to determine the specific surface of constructional materials.
Résumé
On peut déterminer la surface spécifique par des mesures d’adsorption des gaz ou des vapeurs d’après la théorie de Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, que l’on examine ici, de même que les techniques expérimentales disponibles: méthodes statiques (volumétriques ou gravimétriques) et dynamiques plus ou moins complexes. En s’aidant d’exemples, on discute l’application de la théorie de B.E.T. à la détermination de la surface spécifique des matériaux de construction.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson R.B.—J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 68 (1948), 686.
Anderson P.J.—Introduction to the physical chemistry of ceramic surfaces. Trans. Brit. Ceram. Soc., 3 (1966), 423.
Aylmore D.W., Jepson W.B.—Technique using 85 Kr-labelled Krypton for surface area measurements. J. Sci. Instr., 38 (1961), 156.
Barrett E.P., Joyner L.G., Halenda P.P.—The determination of pore volume and area distributions in porous substances. I. Computations from nitrogen isotherms. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 73 (1951), 373.
Beebe R.A., Backwith J.B., Honig J.M.—The determination of small surface areas by krypton adsorption at low temperatures. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 67 (1945), 1554.
Bini L., Disch R.L.—Modification of the Innes equation for determining surface areas of low-area solids. Anal. Chem., 31 (1959), 1404.
Boehm H.P., Gromes W.—Bestimmung der Spezifischen Oberfläche hydrophiler Stoffe aus der Phenol-Adsorption. Angew Chem., 71 (1959), 65.
Broekhoff J.C.P.—Adsorption and capillarity. Waltman, Delft, 1969.
Brunauer S.—The adsorption of gases and vapours. Princeton Univ. Press, 1943.
Brunauer S., Emmett P.H., Teller E.—Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 60 (1938), 309.
Brunauer S., Odler I., Yudenfreund M.—The new model of hardened Portland cement paste. Highway Res. Record No./328 (1970), 89.
Clarke J.T.—Surface area measurement of graphite using the γ-radiation of Kr 85. J. Phys. Chem., 63 (1964), 884.
Dole M.—Statistical thermodynamics of the sorption of vapours by solids. J. Chem. Phys., 16 (1948), 25.
Emmett P.H.—Physical adsorption in the study of the catalyst surface. 12th Rep. of the Committee on Catalysts. J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 1940.
Feldman R.F., Sereda P.J.—A new model for hydrated Portland cement and its practical implications. Eng. J. (Aug./Sept. 1970), 53.
Fergusson R.R., Barrer R.M.—Derivation and development of Hüttig’s multilayer sorption isotherm. Trans. Farad. Soc., 46 (1950), 400.
Gal S.—Die Methodik der Wasserdampf-sorptions-messungen. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1967.
Gall L.—Über ein neues Gerät zur Schnellen Bestimmung Spezifischer Oberflächen. Angew. Mess Regeltechn., 4 (1964), u. 107.
Gregg S.J., Sing K.S.W.—Adsorption, surface, area and porosity. Academic Press, London and New York, 1967.
Guyer Jr. A., Böhlen B.—Methoden der Mikrostrukturbestimmung poröser Stoffe. Chimia, 17 (1963), 82.
Halsey G.—Physical adsorption on non-uniform surfaces. J. Chem. Phys., 16 (1948), 931.
Haul R., Dümbgen G.—Verinfachte Methode zur Messung von Oberflächen-grössen durch Gasadsorption. Chemie-Ing. Techn., 32 (1960), 349.
Haynes J.M.—Use of krypton for surface area measurements. J. Phys. Chem., 66 (1962), 182.
Hill T.L.—J. Chem. Phys., 14 (1946), 263.
Hüttig G.F.—Monats. 78 (1948), 177.
Innes W.B.—Apparatus and procedure for rapid automatic adsorption, surface area and pore volume measurement. Anal. Chem., 23 (1951), 759.
Joy A.S.—Methods and techniques for the determination of specific surface by gas adsorption. Vacuum, Vol. 3 (1953), 254.
Lange K.R.—Adsorption isotherms by a rapid flow method. J. Colloid Sci., 18 (1963), 65.
Mikkail R., Copeland L.E., Brunauer S.—Pore structures and surface areas of hardened Portland cement pastes by nitrogen adsorption. Canad. J. of Chem., 42 (1964), 426.
Nelson F.M., Eggertsen F.T.—Analyt. Chem., 30 (1963), 1387.
Powers T.C.—Physical properties of cement paste. Proc. 4th Int. Symp. on the Chemistry of Cement. Nat. Bureau of Standards, Wash. DC, 1960.
Powers T.C., Brownyard T.L.—Studies of the physical properties of hardened Portland cement paste. Res. Lab. Portland Cement Ass. Bull., 22, 1948.
Rosenberg A.J.—Rapid precise measurements of krypton adsorption and the surface area of coarse particles. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 78 (1956), 2929.
Ross S.—Physical adsorption by homogeneous and heterogeneous solid surfaces. Fundamental Phenomena in Materials Sci., Vol. 2, Plenum Press, New York, 1966.
Scholl F.—Bestimmung der Oberflächengrösse und der Oberflächeneigenschaften von Festkörpern mit Hilde Gaskromatografischer Verfahren. Proc. VIII Int. Ceram Congr. Copenhagen, 1962, 75.
Sing K.S.W., Swallow D.—The determination of specific surface area by low-temperature krypton adsorption. Proc. Brit. Ceram. Soc. (1965), 39.
Theimer O.—On multilayer adsorption isotherms. Trans. Farad. Soc., 48 (1952), 326.
Winter D.G.—A simple apparatus for the evaluation of pore size distribution. Chem. & Ind., 22 (1969), 233.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fagerlund, G. Determination of specific surface by the BET method. Mat. Constr. 6, 239–245 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02479039
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02479039