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Genetic Enhancement of Nutraceuticals in Linseed: Breeding and Molecular Strategies

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Compendium of Crop Genome Designing for Nutraceuticals

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Abstract

Linseed (or flax) is an important industrial oilseed crop mainly grown in temperate climates for its oil and fiber properties. Linseed fiber separated from stalks is a bast fiber which possesses high mechanical properties. The textile “linen” made from this fiber is popularly used in the textile industry. Seeds of linseed contain 33–47% of oil, with excellent drying property, and its oil is mainly used in the manufacturing of paints, varnishes, linoleum, oil cloths, and printing inks. In the recent past, linseed has gained attention and considered as “superfood” because it is one of the richest sources of omega-3 fatty acid or alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a nutritionally important fatty acid, phytochemical compounds, vitamins, and minerals. Genetic enhancement in linseed through conventional and biotechnological tools was focused mainly on increased productivity, enhancing oil content and quality, increasing seed size, early maturity, lodging resistance, plant height, and resistance to major diseases. Limited efforts were made toward improvement of the nutraceutical properties of the crop concerning the omega-3 fatty acid content, oil quality modification, essential lignan (secoisolariciresinol diglucoside – SDG), and mucilage which have proven value of linseed as a functional food. Attempts were made to assess variation for these components among the linseed accessions and to study the genotype and environment interaction based on quantitative traits and molecular markers. A noteworthy achievement was made in the development of solin flax (edible oil) through mutagenesis with a point mutation in the LuFAD3A and LuFAD3B genes encoding microsomal desaturases and expanding the utility of linseed oil for edible purposes. During the past two decades, efforts of different research groups have led to the enrichment of genomic resources in terms of mapping populations, construction of linkage maps, development of molecular markers, and identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) for traits of agronomic importance. Genetic engineering studies in flax were encouraging and modifications with regard to SDG content, fiber quality, tolerance to herbicides, and resistance to Fusarium were successfully demonstrated. Use of nanoparticles of linseed oil in assessing antitumor activity and as a source of omega-3 in various food preparations and hydrogel derived from mucilage for drug delivery in skin care products is receiving special attention as they are found to be safe with guaranteed delivery and maximum benefit. Despite the promise the crop holds and the research advancements made in this crop, there is a long way to go to exploit the full potential of the crop for diverse nutraceutical and pharmaceutical uses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad, India

    C. Manimurugan & M. Sujatha

  2. Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India

    A. Zanwar

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  1. C. Manimurugan
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  2. A. Zanwar
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  3. M. Sujatha
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  1. Prof. Chittaranjan Kole Foundation for Science and Society, Kolkata, India

    Chittaranjan Kole

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Manimurugan, C., Zanwar, A., Sujatha, M. (2023). Genetic Enhancement of Nutraceuticals in Linseed: Breeding and Molecular Strategies. In: Kole, C. (eds) Compendium of Crop Genome Designing for Nutraceuticals. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4169-6_19

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