Abstract
In our everyday life we rely on set of heuristics that involve estimation of meaningful connections between events. In human evolutionary history, it was less costly to overestimate the meaning. The psychological phenomenon of apophenia (overperception of patterns) is then an adaptive response. It may manifest also as overperception of visual patterns (pareidolia). The underperception was rarely studied and researchers mainly used unsuitable stimuli sets for the purpose. After researching this phenomenon using patterns with transparency, geometric shapes, and color (Boschetti et al., 2023), we developed new set of black and white high-contrast stimuli. These were presented to participants four times in different orientations to limit guessing to 6% chance. Using ANN (Artificial Neural Networks), we associated the responses to the Rational Experiential Multimodal Inventory Subscales Rationality and Intuition. We were able to identify two clusters for each subscale and found associations of the participant responses with pattern identification success (or lack thereof). Our discoveries extend previous findings concerning this phenomenon and provides us with a foundation for constructing and designing artificial environments with high attention to cues given to users.
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Funding and Acknowledgement
The research and data collection was supported by Charles University Grant Agency (GAUK “Cognitive Bias, Agency Detection and Pattern Recognition: An Intercultural Quantitative and Experimental Study of Supernatural Belief”, project No. 1404120).
We thank to Ladislav Cupa for help with sample collection.
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The project was evaluated and approved by the Ethical Committee of the Faculty of Science, Charles University, as part of broader project (7/2018). GDPR regulations were followed at all times.
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Boschetti, S. et al. (2023). Are Patterns Game for Our Brain? AI Identifies Individual Differences in Rationality and Intuition Characteristics of Respondents Attempting to Identify Random and Non-random Patterns. In: Fang, X. (eds) HCI in Games. HCII 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14047. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35979-8_12
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