Abstract
Image-based metric measurement and development of traffic surveillance systems have attracted wide interests within academia and industry for the past decade due to recent advancements in computer vision and the processing power required for machine-learning. Utilization of camera vision is gaining attention in this realm, particularly due to its unobtrusiveness.
The research objective is to develop an image-based photogrammetry system for measuring vehicle lane pose using a single perspective camera with applications in law enforcement and crash-scene investigation. The proposed algorithm comprises of two steps: (1) Developing a Deep-Learning-based technique for identifying/classifying the wheels on a vehicle, as Regions of Interests (ROI), and extracting the tire-road contact point from the image, and (2) using a Homography-based approach to extract metric measurements, such as vehicle pose.
Our proposed method was tested and evaluated on a large number of images taken at different traffic inspection stations under different lighting conditions and weather differentials to demonstrate its efficiency and robustness. Results are promising. This research can pave the way towards automating the task of flagging truck bypass lanes for law enforcement and also for image-based crash-scene investigation
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hsieh, J.W., Yu, S.H., Chen, Y.S., Hu, W.F.: Automatic traffic surveillance system for vehicle tracking and classification. IEEE Intell. Transp. Syst. Mag. 7(2), 175–187 (2006)
Gupte, S., Masoud, O., Martin, R.F.K., Papanikolopoulos, N.P.: Detection and classification of vehicles. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 3(1), 37–47 (2002)
Beymer, D., McLauchlan, P., Coifman, B., Malik, J.: A real-time computer vision system for measuring traffic parameters. In: International Conference on Computer Vision Pattern Recognition, pp. 495–501 (1997)
Iwasaki, Y., Kurogi, Y.: Real-time robust vehicle detection through the same algorithm both day and night. In: Proceedings 2007 International Conference on Wavelet Analysis Pattern Recognition, ICWAPR 2007, vol. 3, pp. 1008–1014 (2008)
Rezaei, M., Terauchi, M., Klette, R.: Robust vehicle detection and distance estimation under challenging lighting conditions. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 16(5), 2723–2743 (2015)
Hirose, K., Toriu, T., Hama, H.: Robust extraction of wheel region for vehicle position estimation using a circular fisheye camera. In: IIH-MSP 2009, vol. 9, no. 12, p. 55 (2009)
Li, S., Meng, Y., Li, W., Qian, H., Xu, Y.: Monocular vision-based vehicle localization aided by fine-grained classification (2018). eprint arXiv:1804.07906, vol. abs/1804.0
Wang, C.C.R., Lien, J.J.J.: Automatic vehicle detection using local features - a statistical approach. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 9(1), 83–96 (2008)
Achler, O., Trivedi, M.M.: Camera based vehicle detection, tracking, and wheel baseline estimation approach. In: IEEE Cat. No. 04TH8749, pp. 743–748 (2005)
Duron-Arellano, D., Soto-Lopez, D., Mehrandezh, M.: Image-based wheel-base measurement in vehicles: a sensitivity analysis to depth and camera’s intrinsic parameters. In: Arai, K., Bhatia, R., Kapoor, S. (eds.) FTC 2018. AISC, vol. 880, pp. 19–29. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02686-8_2
Yoneyama, A., Yeh, C.H., JayKuo, C.C.: Robust vehicle and traffic information extraction for highway surveillance. EURASIP J. Appl. Signal Process. 2005(14), 2305–2321 (2005)
Surasak, T., Takahiro, I., Cheng, C.H., Wang, C.E., Sheng, P.Y.: Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection. In: 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision Pattern Recognition (CVPR 2005), San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 172–176 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2005.177
Felzenszwalb, P.F., et al.: Object detection with discriminatively trained part-based models. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 32(9), 1627–1645 (2010). ISSN 0162-8828
Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., Hinton, G.E.: ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 1, pp. 1097–1105 (2012)
Girshick, R., Donahue, J., Darrell, T., Malik, J.: Rich feature hierarchies for accurate object detection and semantic segmentation. In: Proceedings of IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 580–587 (2014)
Uijlings, J.R., Van De Sande, K.E., Gevers, T., Smeulders, A.W.: Selective search for object recognition. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 104(2), 154–171 (2013)
Girshick, R.: Fast R-CNN. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, vol. 2015, pp. 1440–1448 (2015)
Ren, S., He, K., Girshick, R.B., Sun, J.: Faster R-CNN: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks (2015). CoRR, vol. abs/1506.0
Redmon, J., Divvala, S.K., Girshick, R.B., Farhadi, A.: You only look once: unified, real-time object detection. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision Pattern Recognition (2016). vol. abs/1506.0
Redmon, J., Farhadi, A.: YOLOv3: an incremental improvement (2018). CoRR, vol. abs/1804.0
Lin, T.Y., Goyal, P., Girshick, R., He, K., Dollar, P.: Focal loss for dense object detection. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, vol. 2017-Octob, pp. 2999–3007 (2017)
Liu, W., et al.: SSD: single shot multibox detector. In: Leibe, B., Matas, J., Sebe, N., Welling, M. (eds.) ECCV 2016. LNCS, vol. 9905, pp. 21–37. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46448-0_2
Richard Hartley, A.Z.: Multiple View Geometry in Computer Vision. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2003)
Everingham, M., Van Gool, L., Williams, C.K.I., Winn, J., Zisserman, A.: The pascal visual object classes (VOC) challenge. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 88(2), 303–338 (2010)
Nowozin, S.: Optimal decisions from probabilistic models: the intersection-over-union case. In: Proceedings of IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision Pattern Recognition, pp. 548–555 (2014)
Acknowledgment
This work was supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Radmehr, N., Mehrandezh, M., Chan, C. (2020). Homography-Based Vehicle Pose Estimation from a Single Image by Using Machine-Learning for Wheel-Region and Tire-Road Contact Point Detection. In: McDaniel, T., Berretti, S., Curcio, I., Basu, A. (eds) Smart Multimedia. ICSM 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12015. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54407-2_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54407-2_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-54406-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-54407-2
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)