[go: up one dir, main page]

Skip to main content

On the Reduction of Deadlock Frequency by Limiting Message Injection in Wormhole Networks

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Parallel Computer Routing and Communication (PCRCW 1997)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 1417))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Recently, deadlock recovery strategies began to gain accep- tance in networks using wormhole switching. In particular, progressive deadlock recovery techniques are very attractive because they allocate a few dedicated resources to quickly deliver deadlocked packets, instead of killing them. Deadlock recovery is based on the assumption that dead- locks are really rare. Otherwise, recovery techniques are not efficient.

In this paper, we propose the use of a message injection limitation mech- anism that reduces the probability of deadlock to negligible values, even when fully adaptive routing is used. The main new feature is that it can be used with different message destination distributions. The proposed mechanism can be combined with any deadlock detection mechanism. In particular, we use the deadlock detection mechanism proposed in [21]. In addition, the proposed injection limitation mechanism considerably re- duces performance degradation when the network reaches the saturation point.

This work was supported by the Spanish CICYT under Grant TIC94-0510-C02-01

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. A. Agarwal, “Limits on interconnection network performance”, IEEE Transactions on Parallel Distributed Systems, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 398–412, Oct. 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Anjan K. V. and T. M. Pinkston, “DISHA: A deadlock recovery scheme for fully adaptive routing,” in Proceedings of the 9th International Parallel Processing Symposium, April 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Anjan K. V. and T. M. Pinkston, An efficient fully adaptive deadlock recovery scheme: DISHA,” in Proceedings of the 22nd International Symposium on Computer Architecture, June 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Anjan K. V., T. M. Pinkston and J. Duato, “Generalized theory for deadlock-free adaptive routing and its application to Disha Concurrent,” in Proceedings of the 10th International Parallel Processing Symposium, April 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  5. W. C. Athas and C. L. Seitz, “Multicomputers: Message-passing concurrent computers,” IEEE Computer, vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 9–24, August 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  6. N. J. Boden, D. Cohen, R. E. Felderman, A. E. Kulawik, C. L. Seitz, J. Seizovic and W. Su, “Myrinet-A gigabit per second local area network,” IEEE Micro, pp. 29–36, February 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  7. R. V. Boppana and S. Chalasani, “A comparison of adaptive wormhole routing algorithms,” in Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Computer Architecture, May 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  8. A. A. Chien and J. H. Kim, “Planar-adaptive routing: Low-cost adaptive networks for multiprocessors,” in Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Computer Architecture, May 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  9. A. A. Chien, “A cost and speed model for k-ary n-cube wormhole routers,” in Proceedings of Hot Interconnects’93, August 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  10. W. J. Dally and C. L. Seitz, “Deadlock-free message routing in multiprocessor interconnection networks,” IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. C-36, no. 5, pp. 547–553, May 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. W. J. Dally, “Virtual-channel flow control,” IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 194–205, March 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. J. Duato, “A new theory of deadlock-free adaptive routing in wormhole networks,” IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 4, no. 12, pp. 1320–1331, December 1993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. J. Duato, “A necessary and sufficient condition for deadlock-free adaptive routing in wormhole networks,” IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 1055–1067, October 1995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. P. T. Gaughan and S. Yalamanchili, “Adaptive routing protocols for hypercube interconnection networks,” IEEE Computer, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 12–23, May 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  15. R. Horst, “ServerNet deadlock avoidance and fractahedral topologies,” in Proceedings of the International Parallel Processing Symposium, pp. 274–280, April 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Paragon XP/S Product Overview. Intel Corporation, Supercomputer Systems Division, Beaverton, OR, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  17. J. Kim, A. Chien, “An evaluation of the planar/adaptive routing,” in Proc. 4th IEEE Int. Symp. Parallel Distributed Processing, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  18. J. H. Kim, Z. Liu and A. A. Chien, “Compressionless routing: A framework for adaptive and fault-tolerant routing,” in Proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on Computer Architecture, April 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  19. D. Lenoski, J. Laudon, K. Gharachorloo, W. Weber, A. Gupta, J. Hennessy, M. Horowitz and M. Lam, “The Stanford DASH multiprocessor,” IEEE Computer, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 63–79, March 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  20. P. López and J. Duato, “Deadlock-free adaptive routing algorithms for the 3D-torus: Limitations and solutions,” in Proceedings of Parallel Architectures and Languages Europe 93, June 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  21. J.M. Martínez, P. López, J. Duato and T.M. Pinkston, “Software-Based Deadlock Recovery Technique for True Fully Adaptive Routing in Wormhole Networks,” to appear in Proceedings 1997 International Conference Parallel Processing, August 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  22. P.K. McKinley, H. Xu, A. Esfahanian and L.M. Ni, “Unicast-based multicast communication in wormhole-routed networks,” in Proceedings 1992 International Conference Parallel Processing, August 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  23. P.R. Miller, “Efficient communications for fine-grain distributed computers,” Ph.D Thesis, Southamptom University, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  24. L. M. Ni and P. K. McKinley, “A survey of wormhole routing techniques in direct networks,” IEEE Computer, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 62–76, February 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  25. T.M. Pinkston and S. Warnakulasuriya, “On Deadlocks in Interconnection Networks”, in Proceedings 24th International Symposium on Computer Architecture, June 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  26. D. S. Reeves, E. F. Gehringer and A. Chandiramani, “Adaptive routing and deadlock recovery: A simulation study,” in Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Hypercube, Concurrent Computers & Applications, March 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  27. S. L. Scott and G. Thorson, “The Cray T3E networks: adaptive routing in a high performance 3D torus,” in Proceedings of Hot Interconnects IV, August 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  28. S. Warnakulasuriya and T.M. Pinkston, “Characterization of deadlocks in interconnection networks,” in Proceedings of the 11th International Parallel Processing Symposium, April 1997.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

López, P., Martínez, J.M., Duato, J., Petrini, F. (1998). On the Reduction of Deadlock Frequency by Limiting Message Injection in Wormhole Networks. In: Yalamanchili, S., Duato, J. (eds) Parallel Computer Routing and Communication. PCRCW 1997. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1417. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-69352-1_24

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-69352-1_24

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-64571-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-69352-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics