Life History Evolution of Virtual Plants: Trading Off Between Growth and Reproduction

1. Begon, M., Harper, J.L., Townsend, C.R.: Ecology: Individuals, Populations and Communities, 2nd edn. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Cambridge (1990)

   Google Scholar 

2. Cody, M.L.: A general theory of clutch size. Evolution 20, 174–184 (1966)

   Article  Google Scholar 

3. Dana, M.N., Lerner, B.R.: A guide to flowering and why plants fail to bloom. Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service Publication HO-173-W (2002)

   Google Scholar 

4. Fenner, M., Thompson, K.: The ecology of seeds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2005)

   Book  Google Scholar 

5. Ferber, J.: Les systèmes multi-agents. InterEdition, Paris (1995)

   Google Scholar 

6. Goldberg, D.E.: Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts (1989)

   MATH  Google Scholar 

7. Harper, J.L.: A Darwinian approach to plant ecology. Journal of Ecology 55, 247–270 (1967)

   Article  Google Scholar 

8. Hirshfield, M.F., Tinkle, D.W.: Natural selection and the evolution of reproductive effort. Proc. of the National Academy of Sciences USA,  72, 2227–2231 (1975)

   Google Scholar 

9. Holland, J.: Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor (1975)

   Google Scholar 

10. Kurth, W.: Morphological models of plant growth: Possibilities and ecological relevance. Ecological Modelling 75, 299–308 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

11. Landsberg, J.J., Gower, S.T.: Applications of Physiological Ecology to Forest Management. Academic Press, London (1997)

    Google Scholar 

12. Le Roux, X., Lacointe, A., Escobar-Gutiérrez, A., Le Dizès, S.: Carbon-based models of individual tree growth: A critical appraisal. Ann. For. Sci. 58, 469–506 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

13. Lewontin, R.C.: Selection for colonizing ability. In: Baker, H.G., Stebins, G.L. (eds.) The Genetics of Colonizing Species, pp. 79–94. Academic Press, London (1965)

    Google Scholar 

14. Niklas, K.J.: Computer-simulated plant evolution. Scien. Am. 254, 78–86 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

15. OGRE Internet home page (last accessed in April 2006), http://www.ogre3d.org

16. Prusinkiewicz, P., Lindenmayer, A.: The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants. Springer, Berlin (1990)

    Book  Google Scholar 

17. Roff, D.A.: The Evolution of Life Histories: Theory and Analysis. Chapman and Hall, New York (1992)

    Google Scholar 

18. Room, P., Hanan, J., Prusinkiewicz, P.: Virtual plants: new perspectives for ecologists, pathologists and agricultural scientists. Trends in Plant Science 1, 33–38 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

19. Samson, D.A., Werk, K.S.: Size-dependent effects in the analysis of reproductive effort in plants. The American Naturalist 127, 667–680 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

20. Stearns, S.C.: The Evolution of Life Histories. Oxford Univ. Press, UK (1992)

    Google Scholar 

21. Stearns, S.C.: Life history evolution: successes, limitations, and prospects. Naturwissenschaften 87, 476–486 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

22. Thornley, J.H.M.: A balanced quantitative model for root:shoot ratios in vegetative plants. Annals of Botany 36, 431–441 (1972)

    Article  Google Scholar 

23. Thornley, J.H.M.: Modelling shoot:root relations: the only way forward? Annals of Botany 81, 165–171 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

24. Ulam, S.: On some mathematical properties connected with patterns of growth of figures. In: Proc. of Symposia on Appl. Math., Am. Math. Soc., vol. 14, pp. 215–224 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

25. Westoby, M., Falster, D.S., Moles, A.T., Vesk, P.A., Wright, I.J.: Plant ecological strategies: some leading dimensions of variation between species. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 33, 125–159 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

26. Williams, G.C.: Natural selection, the cost of reproduction, and a refinement of Lack’s principle. Am. Nat. 100, 687–690 (1966)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references