Abstract
As location-based applications become part of our everyday life, ranging from traffic prediction systems to services over mobile phones providing us with information about our surroundings, the call for more semantics and accurate services is emerging. In this work, we analyze and register the data semantics of Location-based Services (LBS). Initially, we categorize LBS data according to the related concepts and use. We distinguish the (a) Domain Data, including spatial and temporal concepts, namely, position, location, movement and time, (b) Content Data, describing the LBS specific content, and (c) Application Data, consisting of the user profile and the services provided by LBS. Next, we model these three data categories in a way that captures their peculiarities and allows their sharing and exchange among different LBS, when desired. For this, we use semantically rich and expressive models, like UML, as well as the long-praised method of ontologies, realized in the open source, ontology and knowledge-based editor Protégé. To argue about the design choices and show their applicability, we present examples from two characteristic real-world applications, both in the Athens Metropolitan Area: an LBS for tourists carrying mobile devices, and a traffic LBS informing drivers about troublesome situations.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allen, J.: Towards a General Theory of Action and Time. Artificial Intelligence 23, 123–154 (1984)
Bartels, R.H., Beatty, J.C., Barsky, B.A.: An Introduction to Splines for Use in Computer Graphics & Geometric Modeling. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco (1987)
Bittner, T., Winter, S.: An Ontology in Image Analysis. In: Proc. of Integrated Spatial Databases: Digital Images and GIS, pp. 168–191 (1999)
Booch, G., Rumbaugh, J., Cobson, I.: The Unified Modeling Language User Guide. Addison-Wesley, Reading (1999)
Brakatsoulas, S., Pfoser, D., Tryfona, N.: Modeling, Storing and Mining Moving Objects Databases. In: Proc. of the International Database Engineering and Applications Symposium (IDEAS), pp. 68–77 (2004)
Chimaera Ontology Environment, Web page (2004), http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/software.chimaera
DAML.Org. Reference Description of the DAML+OIL ontology markup language. Web page (2004), http://www.daml.org/2001/03/reference
DBGlobe: A Data-centric Approach to Global Computing. IST Project, Project number IST-2001-32645
DMOZ.org: Open Directory Project. Web page (2004), http://www.dmoz.org
Egenhofer, M.: Reasoning about Binary Topological Relations. In: Günther, O., Schek, H.-J. (eds.) SSD 1991. LNCS, vol. 525, pp. 143–160. Springer, Heidelberg (1991)
Fonseca, F.: Ontology-driven Geographic Information Systems. In: Proc. of the 7th ACM Symposium on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, pp. 14–19 (1999)
Fonseca, F., Davis, C., Camara, G.: Bridging Ontologies and Conceptual Schemas in Geographic Information Systems. GeoInformatica 7(4), 355–378 (2003)
Fonseca, F.T., Egenhofer, M.J., Agouris, P.: Using Ontologies for Integrated Geographic Information Systems. Transactions in GIS 6(3), 231–257 (2002)
Frank, A.: Spatial Ontology: A Geographical Point of View. Spatial and Temporal Reasoning, pp. 135–153. Kluwer, Dordrecht (1997)
Garshol, L.M.: Topic Maps, RDF, DAML, OIL – A comparison. Web page (2001), http://www.ontopia.net/topicmaps/materials/tmrdfoildaml.html
Granefield, S., Purvis, M.: UML as an Ontology Modeling Language. In: Proc. of the Workshop on Intelligent Information Integration, 16th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), pp. 46–53 (1999)
Gruber, T.: A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specifications. Knowledge Systems Laboratory – Stanford University, Stanford, CA, Technical Report KSL 92-71 (1992)
Gruber, T.: Toward Principles for the Design of Ontologies Used for Knowledge Sharing. Int. Journal of Human-Computer Studies 43, 907–928 (1993)
GSM Alliance Services Working Group, Web page (2004), http://www.gsmworld.com/about/structure/serg.shtml
Guarino, N.: Formal Ontology and Information Systems. In: Proc. of FOIS 1998, Trento, Italy, pp. 3–15. IOS Press, Amsterdam (1998)
Guetting, R., Böhlen, M., Erwig, M., Jensen, C.S., Lorentzos, N., Schneider, M., Vazirgiannis, M.: A Foundation for Representing and Querying Moving Objects. ACM Transactions on Database Systems 25(1), 1–42 (2000)
Hinze, A., Voisard, A.: Location- and Time-based Information Delivery in Tourism. In: Hadzilacos, T., Manolopoulos, Y., Roddick, J., Theodoridis, Y. (eds.) SSTD 2003. LNCS, vol. 2750, pp. 489–507. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Hu, H., Lee, D.: Semantic Location Modeling for Location Navigation in Mobile Environment. In: Proc. Of the IEEE International Conference on Mobile Data Management (MDM), pp. 52–61 (2004)
IXNHΛATHΣ: A Traffic Management System. Research Academic Computer Technology Institute, 2002-2004. ENTER Project, Hellenic General Secretariat of Research and Development (2004)
Marmasse, N., Schmandt, C.: A Location-Aware Information delivery with comMotion. In: Thomas, P., Gellersen, H.-W. (eds.) HUC 2000. LNCS, vol. 1927, pp. 157–171. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)
Myllykaki, J., Edlund, S.: Location Aggregation from Multiple Sources. In: Proc. of the 3rd International Conference on Mobile Data Management (MDM), pp. 131–138 (2002)
OntoBuilder Project. Web page (2004), http://ie.technion.ac.il/OntoBuilder
Ontolingua: Ontolingua System Reference Manual. Web page (2004), http://www-ksl-svc.stanford.edu:5915/doc/frame-editor/index.html
Ontolingua: Ontolingua ontology library, Web page (2004), http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/software/ontolingua/
Ontolingua: Ontolingua Server. Web page (2004), http://www-ksl-svc.stanford.edu:5915/
Panayiotou, C., Samaras, G.: Personalized Portals for the Wireless User: An Agent Approach. Journal of ACM/Baltzer Mobile Networking and Applications, MONET, special issue on “Mobile Commerce” (2004)
Pfoser, D., Jensen, C.J., Theodoridis, Y.: Novel Approaches in Query processing for Moving Objects. In: Proc. of the conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB), pp. 395–406 (2000)
Pfoser, D., Pitoura, E., Tryfona, N.: Metadata Modeling in a Global Computing Environment. In: Proc. of the 10th ACM International Symposium on Advances in Geographic Information Systems (ACMGIS), pp. 68–73 (2002)
Pfoser, D., Theodoridis, Y.: Generating Semantics-Based Trajectories of Moving Objects. In: International Workshop on Emerging Technologies for Geo-Based Applications, Ascona, Switzerland, pp. 59–76 (2000)
Pfoser, D., Tryfona, N., Verykios, V.: Services-based Data Management in a Global Computing Environment. In: Proc. of the 3rd International Workshop on Web and Wireless Geographic Information Systems (W2GIS), pp. 45–53 (2003)
Pinto, S., Peralta, D.: Combining Ontology Engineering Subprocesses to Build a Time Ontology. In: Proc. of the International Conference on Knowledge Capture, pp. 88–95 (2003)
Pitoura, E., Abiteboul, A., Pfoser, D., Samaras, G., Vazirgiannis, M.: DBGlobe: a service-oriented P2P system for global computing. SIGMOD Record. 32(3), 77–82 (2003)
Protégé Project. Web page (2004), http://protege.stanford.edu
Smith, B., Mark, D.: Ontology and Geographic Kinds. In: Proc. of the International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling (SDH), pp. 308–320 (1998)
Sycara, K.P., Widoff, S., Klusch, M., Lu, J.: LARKS: Dynamic Matchmaking Among Heterogeneous Software Agents in Cyberspace. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 5(2), 173–203 (2002)
Tryfona, N., Pfoser, D.: Designing Ontologies for Moving Objects Applications. In: Proc. of the International Workshop on Complex Reasoning on Geographic Data, Paphos, Cyprus (2001)
Ubicomp Workshop: Location Modeling for Ubiquitous Computing. Workshop Proceedings (2001)
Valavanis, E., Ververidis, C., Vazirgianis, M., Polyzos, G., Norvag, K.: MobiShare: Sharing Context-Dependent Data & Services from Mobile Sources. In: Proc. of the IEEE/WIC International Conference on Web Intelligence, pp. 263–271 (2003)
Weissenberg, N., Gartmann, R.: Ontology Architecture for Semantic GeoServices for Olympia 2008. In: Proc. Münsteraner GI-Tage, Münster, IfGIprints, vol. 18, pp. 267–283 (2003)
W3C: OWL Web Ontology Language Reference. Web page (2004), http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-ref/
Yu, S., Aufaure, M., Cullot, N., Spaccapietra, S.: Location-based Spatial Modeling Using Ontology. In: Proc. of the 6th AGILE Conference (2003)
Yu, S., Spaccapietra, S., Cullot, N., Aufaure, M.: User Profiles in Location-based Services: Make Humans More Nomadic and Personalised. In: Proc. of the International Conference on Databases and Applications (2004)
Yu, S., Aufaure, M., Cullot, N., Spaccapietra, S.: A Collaborative Framework for Location-based Services. In: Proc. of the International Conference on Databases and Applications (2004)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Tryfona, N., Pfoser, D. (2005). Data Semantics in Location-Based Services. In: Spaccapietra, S., Zimányi, E. (eds) Journal on Data Semantics III. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3534. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11496168_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11496168_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-26225-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-31551-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)