Facial Expression Recognition and Modeling for Virtual Intelligent Tutoring Systems

1. Bruce, V., Green, P.: Visual Perception: Physiology, Psychology and Ecology. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, London (1989)

   Google Scholar 

2. Cassell, J., Pelachaud, C., Badler, N., et al.: Animated Conversation: Rule-based Generation of Facial Expression, Gesture and Spoken Intonation for Multiple Conversational Agents. In: Computer Graphics Proceedings, pp. 413–420 (1994)

   Google Scholar 

3. Chellapa, R., Wilson, C.L., Sirohey, S.: Human and machine recognition of faces: a survey. Proceedings of the IEEE 83, 705–740 (1995)

   Article  Google Scholar 

4. Cohen, M., Massaro, D.: Modeling Coarticulation in Synthetic Visual Speech, Models and Techniques in Computer Animation, pp. 139–156. Springer, Heidelberg (1993)

   Google Scholar 

5. Cootes, T.F., Taylor, C.J., Cooper, D.H., Graham, J.: Active shape models-Their training and applications. Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Understanding 61, 38–59 (1995)

   Article  Google Scholar 

6. Cootes, T.F., Edwards, G.J., Taylor, C.J.: Active Appearance Models. In: Burkhardt, H., Neumann, B. (eds.) Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 484–498. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)

   Google Scholar 

7. Eisert, P., Girod, B.: Analyzing facial expressions for virtual conferencing. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 18, 70–78 (1998)

   Article  Google Scholar 

8. Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V.: Unmasking the Face: A Guide to Recognizing Emotions from Facial Expressions. Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs (1975)

   Google Scholar 

9. Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V.: Manual for the Facial Action Coding System. Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc., Palo Alto (1978)

   Google Scholar 

10. Lam, K.M., Yang, H.: Locating and extracting the eye in human face images. Pattern Recognition 29, 771–779 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

11. Lanitis, A., Taylor, C.J., Cootes, T.F.: Automatic interpretation and coding of face images using flexible models. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 19, 743–756

    Google Scholar 

12. Ohzu, H., Habara, K.: Behind the scenes of virtual reality: vision and motion. Proceedings of the IEEE 84, 782–798 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

13. Maggioni, C., Kammerer, B.: GestureComputer - History, Design and Applications. In: Cipolla, R., Pentland, A. (eds.) Computer Vision for Human-Machine Interaction, pp. 23–52. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1998)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

14. Parke, F.I., Waters, K.: Computer Facial Animation. A K Peters, Stanford (1996)

    Google Scholar 

15. Pentland, A.P.: Smart rooms, pp. 54–62. Scientific American (1996)

    Google Scholar 

16. Pentland, A.P.: Smart rooms: Machine understanding of human behavior. In: Cipolla, R., Pentland, A. (eds.) Computer Vision for Human-Machine Interaction, pp. 3–22. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1998)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

17. Ríos, H.V., Peña, J.: Computer vision interaction for virtual reality. In: Coelho, H. (ed.) IBERAMIA 1998. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1484, pp. 262–273. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

18. Terzopoulos, D., Szeliski, R.: Tracking with Kalman Snakes. In: Blake, A., Yuille, A. (eds.) Active Vision, pp. 3–20. MIT Press, Cambridge (1992)

    Google Scholar 

19. Waters, K.: A Muscle Model for Animating Three Dimensional Facial Expression. Computer Graphics Proceedings 21, 17–23 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

20. Waters, K., Levergood, T.: An Automatic Lip-Synchronization Algorithm for Synthetic Faces. In: Proceedings of Multimedia 1994, pp. 149–156. ACM, New York (1994)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references