In urban planning and land use policies, the 'mixed land use' approach has been developed as an a... more In urban planning and land use policies, the 'mixed land use' approach has been developed as an alternative to the 'zoning'. The mixed land use approach is considered as one of the components of liveable cities and considered within the framework of modern urban policies including smart growth, new urbanism, and transit-oriented development. With the increase of interest in research on mixed land use, its positive and negative aspects, measurement of the mixed land use is an important aspect. The purpose of this study is to define mixed land use; to explain the positive and negative reflections of mixed land use in the urban areas; to summarize the measurement methods; and to apply the entropy index and dissimilarity indexes, which are the two commonly used measurement methods using real data for a mid-size city in Turkey, Manisa. Finally, it is aimed to examine the spatial distribution of the differentiation of these indices using spatial autocorrelation. The results indicate that although the index values have a high correlation, differences are present, and these differences tend to cluster. It is expected that the study will help in choosing the appropriate method in measuring mixed land use.
Kamusal mekânlar, uzmanlar tarafından hazırlanan plan ve tasarımların yanı sıra mekân kullanıcıla... more Kamusal mekânlar, uzmanlar tarafından hazırlanan plan ve tasarımların yanı sıra mekân kullanıcılarının, "Kendin Yap Kentleşmesi" türündeki müdahalelerine konu olmaktadır. Bu müdahalelerden biri olan, 'Kendin Yap Bahçeciliği'nin temel amacı kullanılmayan boş arazileri yeşil alana çevirmektir. Kendin yap kentleşmesi ve bahçeciliği, Türkiye literatüründe yeni kavramlardır. İlgili bölüm öğrencilerinde, bu konuda farkındalık oluşturulması için bir atölyenin araç olabileceği var-sayımı ve amacıyla, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Bölümü öğrencilerine yönelik bir atölye düzenlenmiştir. Çalışmanın yazarları yürütücülüğündeki atölyeye, 9 öğrenci katılmıştır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, atölyenin kazanımlarını incelemek ve sunmaktır. Kullanılan yöntemler, anket ve atölye deneyiminin niteliksel değerlen-dirilmesidir. Makale, kendin yap kentleşmesi ve bahçeciliğiyle ilgili literatürü, atölyenin içeriği, öğrencilere yapılan anketlerin sonuçlarını, eskiz/ poster ve sunum değerlendirmelerini ve tohum topu yapımı etkinliğini içermektedir. Bulgular, öğrencilerin daha önce kendin yap kentleşmesi uygulamalarının örnekleriyle karşılaştığı ancak yeterince farkında olmadığı bir konuda, atölyenin farkındalık yaratma amacına ulaşmada başarı sağladığını göstermektedir.
Anahtar sözcükler: Sendin yap kentleşmesi, kendin yap bahçeciliği, kamusal mekân, öğrenci atölyesi, tohum topu.
There is a growing scholarly interest in monitoring and assessment of the impacts of land use and... more There is a growing scholarly interest in monitoring and assessment of the impacts of land use and land cover changes (LULCC) on the environment. Recent technological developments and tools of geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) facilitate the researches on this interest. This research aims at monitoring LULCC in Bandırma, Turkey over 30 years. This research utilizes GIS and RS techniques. Landsat satellite images of the years 1987, 2003, and 2019 are used in supervised classification methods with the maximum likelihood technique. The classified images show artificial surfaces, agricultural areas, forests, wetlands, and water bodies based on the first level classes of the Coordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE) land cover legend. Accuracy assessment is performed both before and after the correction process by using ArcGIS (10.6 Edition) software. The final overall Kappa values are above 0.95 for 3 years. These images are compared by using the Land Change Modeler tool of IDRISI (Selva Edition) software. The results represent that forest areas are increased and that wetlands are decreased in both 1987–2003 and 2003–2019 periods. Agricultural lands are decreased in the later period. Comparison maps demonstrate that land change from agricultural to artificial occurs (i) around existing settlements; (ii) along transportation axes; and (iii) in the locations of large urban land uses such as industrial areas, mines, and wind energy plants. The land change trend analysis shows that change from agricultural to artificial is the largest in the middle and southeastern parts of the area neighboring the Manyas Lake Ramsar conservation site.
Despite the general negative perception, informality in urbanism is not always bad and does not o... more Despite the general negative perception, informality in urbanism is not always bad and does not only emerge in housing and economic activity areas. It also appears in and contributes to public spaces in DIY urbanism form. DIY urbanism includes informal, small scale, spontaneous interventions such as seats and signboards. This study aims at exploring the formalization process of DIY urbanism through co-production and showing possible contributions to urban space and decision-making process with examples from Turkey. Web-based search, direct observation and visual recording are research methods. The findings show that DIY urbanism appears as a positive informal action while citizens solve their problems and meet their needs themselves rather than waiting for government or public institutions. Yet it is only positive and to be formalized if they consider public interest and do not hesitate others' interests. Formalization of DIY urbanism by co-production strengthens collaboration and communication in public space.
Özet Kırsal yerleşimler; yaşam ve çalışma faaliyetlerinin daha çok doğal kaynakların değerlendiri... more Özet Kırsal yerleşimler; yaşam ve çalışma faaliyetlerinin daha çok doğal kaynakların değerlendirilmesine bağlı, geleneksel sosyal ilişkilerin devam ettiği alanlardır. Bununla beraber kırsal yerleşimlerde bulunan özgün doku günümüzde kaybolmaya başlama sorunu ile karşı karşıyadır. Mekânsal planlama sisteminde kırsal alanlar yeterince yer edinmemekte, özgün dokunun korunmasına yönelik yaklaşımlar yetersiz kalmakta ve kırsal alandaki çalışmalar tarım odaklı ekonomik kalkınma çabaları ile oluşturulmaya çalışılmaktadır. Dünyada ilk olarak 1993 yılında İngiltere'de ortaya çıkan 'Köy Tasarım Rehberleri' kırsal dokunun korunması ve geliştirilmesine yönelik planlama sistemine bir araç olmaktadır. Türkiye'de ise 3194 imar Kanunu'na ek madde ile 2013 yılında getirilen 'köy tasarım rehberi yapılabilir' ibaresine rağmen çalışmalar oldukça azdır.
Even though urbanism is usually realized within a plan, it is sometimes formed by spontanous inte... more Even though urbanism is usually realized within a plan, it is sometimes formed by spontanous interventions of various actors. This study deals with the second type that includes small scale practices spontaneously realized in cities. The aim of this study is to examine the examples of these movements, which are known as ‘do it yourself urbanism’ (DIY urbanism) or ‘tactical urbanism’, in terms of their actors and purposes and to put forward the effects of these practices on urban space and urbanism process. To manage this aim, research techniques including literature review, media search, observation and case studies are used. The findings of this study shows that the actors involved in these movements are local people, activist groups, public institutions or municipalities, universities, private entrepreneurs and other individuals. It is found that the main purposes of these practices are resolving a need, providing urban easthetics or art, taking advantage of private or commercial benefits and reacting to various issues. The positive aspects of do it yourself urbanism are determined as having the possibility of beautifying and making urban space more livable, walkable and user friendly, providing direct participation of users in urbanism process and proposing practical, implementable and flexible solutions. Besides, there are negative aspects such as being illegal activities and having integration problems with comprehensive planning decisions.
In urban planning and land use policies, the 'mixed land use' approach has been developed as an a... more In urban planning and land use policies, the 'mixed land use' approach has been developed as an alternative to the 'zoning'. The mixed land use approach is considered as one of the components of liveable cities and considered within the framework of modern urban policies including smart growth, new urbanism, and transit-oriented development. With the increase of interest in research on mixed land use, its positive and negative aspects, measurement of the mixed land use is an important aspect. The purpose of this study is to define mixed land use; to explain the positive and negative reflections of mixed land use in the urban areas; to summarize the measurement methods; and to apply the entropy index and dissimilarity indexes, which are the two commonly used measurement methods using real data for a mid-size city in Turkey, Manisa. Finally, it is aimed to examine the spatial distribution of the differentiation of these indices using spatial autocorrelation. The results indicate that although the index values have a high correlation, differences are present, and these differences tend to cluster. It is expected that the study will help in choosing the appropriate method in measuring mixed land use.
Kamusal mekânlar, uzmanlar tarafından hazırlanan plan ve tasarımların yanı sıra mekân kullanıcıla... more Kamusal mekânlar, uzmanlar tarafından hazırlanan plan ve tasarımların yanı sıra mekân kullanıcılarının, "Kendin Yap Kentleşmesi" türündeki müdahalelerine konu olmaktadır. Bu müdahalelerden biri olan, 'Kendin Yap Bahçeciliği'nin temel amacı kullanılmayan boş arazileri yeşil alana çevirmektir. Kendin yap kentleşmesi ve bahçeciliği, Türkiye literatüründe yeni kavramlardır. İlgili bölüm öğrencilerinde, bu konuda farkındalık oluşturulması için bir atölyenin araç olabileceği var-sayımı ve amacıyla, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Bölümü öğrencilerine yönelik bir atölye düzenlenmiştir. Çalışmanın yazarları yürütücülüğündeki atölyeye, 9 öğrenci katılmıştır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, atölyenin kazanımlarını incelemek ve sunmaktır. Kullanılan yöntemler, anket ve atölye deneyiminin niteliksel değerlen-dirilmesidir. Makale, kendin yap kentleşmesi ve bahçeciliğiyle ilgili literatürü, atölyenin içeriği, öğrencilere yapılan anketlerin sonuçlarını, eskiz/ poster ve sunum değerlendirmelerini ve tohum topu yapımı etkinliğini içermektedir. Bulgular, öğrencilerin daha önce kendin yap kentleşmesi uygulamalarının örnekleriyle karşılaştığı ancak yeterince farkında olmadığı bir konuda, atölyenin farkındalık yaratma amacına ulaşmada başarı sağladığını göstermektedir.
Anahtar sözcükler: Sendin yap kentleşmesi, kendin yap bahçeciliği, kamusal mekân, öğrenci atölyesi, tohum topu.
There is a growing scholarly interest in monitoring and assessment of the impacts of land use and... more There is a growing scholarly interest in monitoring and assessment of the impacts of land use and land cover changes (LULCC) on the environment. Recent technological developments and tools of geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) facilitate the researches on this interest. This research aims at monitoring LULCC in Bandırma, Turkey over 30 years. This research utilizes GIS and RS techniques. Landsat satellite images of the years 1987, 2003, and 2019 are used in supervised classification methods with the maximum likelihood technique. The classified images show artificial surfaces, agricultural areas, forests, wetlands, and water bodies based on the first level classes of the Coordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE) land cover legend. Accuracy assessment is performed both before and after the correction process by using ArcGIS (10.6 Edition) software. The final overall Kappa values are above 0.95 for 3 years. These images are compared by using the Land Change Modeler tool of IDRISI (Selva Edition) software. The results represent that forest areas are increased and that wetlands are decreased in both 1987–2003 and 2003–2019 periods. Agricultural lands are decreased in the later period. Comparison maps demonstrate that land change from agricultural to artificial occurs (i) around existing settlements; (ii) along transportation axes; and (iii) in the locations of large urban land uses such as industrial areas, mines, and wind energy plants. The land change trend analysis shows that change from agricultural to artificial is the largest in the middle and southeastern parts of the area neighboring the Manyas Lake Ramsar conservation site.
Despite the general negative perception, informality in urbanism is not always bad and does not o... more Despite the general negative perception, informality in urbanism is not always bad and does not only emerge in housing and economic activity areas. It also appears in and contributes to public spaces in DIY urbanism form. DIY urbanism includes informal, small scale, spontaneous interventions such as seats and signboards. This study aims at exploring the formalization process of DIY urbanism through co-production and showing possible contributions to urban space and decision-making process with examples from Turkey. Web-based search, direct observation and visual recording are research methods. The findings show that DIY urbanism appears as a positive informal action while citizens solve their problems and meet their needs themselves rather than waiting for government or public institutions. Yet it is only positive and to be formalized if they consider public interest and do not hesitate others' interests. Formalization of DIY urbanism by co-production strengthens collaboration and communication in public space.
Özet Kırsal yerleşimler; yaşam ve çalışma faaliyetlerinin daha çok doğal kaynakların değerlendiri... more Özet Kırsal yerleşimler; yaşam ve çalışma faaliyetlerinin daha çok doğal kaynakların değerlendirilmesine bağlı, geleneksel sosyal ilişkilerin devam ettiği alanlardır. Bununla beraber kırsal yerleşimlerde bulunan özgün doku günümüzde kaybolmaya başlama sorunu ile karşı karşıyadır. Mekânsal planlama sisteminde kırsal alanlar yeterince yer edinmemekte, özgün dokunun korunmasına yönelik yaklaşımlar yetersiz kalmakta ve kırsal alandaki çalışmalar tarım odaklı ekonomik kalkınma çabaları ile oluşturulmaya çalışılmaktadır. Dünyada ilk olarak 1993 yılında İngiltere'de ortaya çıkan 'Köy Tasarım Rehberleri' kırsal dokunun korunması ve geliştirilmesine yönelik planlama sistemine bir araç olmaktadır. Türkiye'de ise 3194 imar Kanunu'na ek madde ile 2013 yılında getirilen 'köy tasarım rehberi yapılabilir' ibaresine rağmen çalışmalar oldukça azdır.
Even though urbanism is usually realized within a plan, it is sometimes formed by spontanous inte... more Even though urbanism is usually realized within a plan, it is sometimes formed by spontanous interventions of various actors. This study deals with the second type that includes small scale practices spontaneously realized in cities. The aim of this study is to examine the examples of these movements, which are known as ‘do it yourself urbanism’ (DIY urbanism) or ‘tactical urbanism’, in terms of their actors and purposes and to put forward the effects of these practices on urban space and urbanism process. To manage this aim, research techniques including literature review, media search, observation and case studies are used. The findings of this study shows that the actors involved in these movements are local people, activist groups, public institutions or municipalities, universities, private entrepreneurs and other individuals. It is found that the main purposes of these practices are resolving a need, providing urban easthetics or art, taking advantage of private or commercial benefits and reacting to various issues. The positive aspects of do it yourself urbanism are determined as having the possibility of beautifying and making urban space more livable, walkable and user friendly, providing direct participation of users in urbanism process and proposing practical, implementable and flexible solutions. Besides, there are negative aspects such as being illegal activities and having integration problems with comprehensive planning decisions.
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land use approach is considered as one of the components of liveable cities and considered within the framework of modern urban
policies including smart growth, new urbanism, and transit-oriented development. With the increase of interest in research on mixed
land use, its positive and negative aspects, measurement of the mixed land use is an important aspect. The purpose of this study is to
define mixed land use; to explain the positive and negative reflections of mixed land use in the urban areas; to summarize the
measurement methods; and to apply the entropy index and dissimilarity indexes, which are the two commonly used measurement
methods using real data for a mid-size city in Turkey, Manisa. Finally, it is aimed to examine the spatial distribution of the differentiation
of these indices using spatial autocorrelation. The results indicate that although the index values have a high correlation, differences
are present, and these differences tend to cluster. It is expected that the study will help in choosing the appropriate method in
measuring mixed land use.
Anahtar sözcükler: Sendin yap kentleşmesi, kendin yap bahçeciliği, kamusal mekân, öğrenci atölyesi, tohum topu.
land use approach is considered as one of the components of liveable cities and considered within the framework of modern urban
policies including smart growth, new urbanism, and transit-oriented development. With the increase of interest in research on mixed
land use, its positive and negative aspects, measurement of the mixed land use is an important aspect. The purpose of this study is to
define mixed land use; to explain the positive and negative reflections of mixed land use in the urban areas; to summarize the
measurement methods; and to apply the entropy index and dissimilarity indexes, which are the two commonly used measurement
methods using real data for a mid-size city in Turkey, Manisa. Finally, it is aimed to examine the spatial distribution of the differentiation
of these indices using spatial autocorrelation. The results indicate that although the index values have a high correlation, differences
are present, and these differences tend to cluster. It is expected that the study will help in choosing the appropriate method in
measuring mixed land use.
Anahtar sözcükler: Sendin yap kentleşmesi, kendin yap bahçeciliği, kamusal mekân, öğrenci atölyesi, tohum topu.