While Peru and Chile are traditionally viewed as rival powers, under the socialist governments of... more While Peru and Chile are traditionally viewed as rival powers, under the socialist governments of Juan Velasco Alvarado (1968-1975) and of Salvador Allende (1970-1973), they shared a common momentum. This article explores this historical parenthesis and suggests to place the two countries in a crossed perspective, emphasizing not only the similarities in their national policies, but above all the strength of their cooperation at the international level. By studying the Andean Group's structuring and the organization of UNCTAD III in 1972 in Santiago, this article highlights the influence Peru and Chile have had on the multilateral arena as a result of their joint action. Acting as spokespersons for the Third World, Velasco and Allende left their forgotten, yet real, mark on international economic negotiations, and contributed to the impetus towards the Declaration on the New International Economic Order.
A «crisis of development aid» occurred at the end of the 1960s. First, the worrisome indebtedness... more A «crisis of development aid» occurred at the end of the 1960s. First, the worrisome indebtedness of developing countries in Latin America and Asia raised questions about the efficiency of development assistance. Second, decreasing American foreign aid forced developing countries that depended on it to find alternative financing sources. Studies on the crisis carried out by UNCTAD, the OECD and the Pearson Commission motivated a rise in multilateral lending in development financing, notably by the World Bank, the policies of which concurrently evolved towards a neoliberal framework. At the same time, an increase in international financial market activities benefited developing countries. The latters’ use of Eurodollar markets paved the way for the Global South’s indebtedness, which rose after the 1973 oil shock and caused the 1980s debt crisis. This article therefore suggests that the development aid crisis laid the groundwork for the main features of the debt crisis.
Lien : https://laviedesidees.fr/La-fin-de-l-etalon-or.html
Pourquoi l’or a-t-il cessé de servir ... more Lien : https://laviedesidees.fr/La-fin-de-l-etalon-or.html Pourquoi l’or a-t-il cessé de servir d’étalon aux différentes monnaies dans le monde ? Pour répondre à cette question, Arnaud Manas nous emmène dans les coffres des banques centrales pendant la guerre froide.
Link : https://journals.openedition.org/siecles/11123
From the 1950s to the 1970s, developing co... more Link : https://journals.openedition.org/siecles/11123 From the 1950s to the 1970s, developing countries formed a group in the United Nations to negotiate with the Global North countries for a more just world economic system. The group of 77 that emerged out this Global South mobilization contributed to a reconceptualization of international affairs and to new approaches to development policies. For proponents of center-periphery readings, this signaled "the emergence of the periphery in the world-system." While this type of structuralist approach has proved useful for considering the mechanisms of domination and their challenges, it has nevertheless obscured the understanding of the relations between the members of the G77. By examining the mobilization of developing countries in international organizations, this article questions the contributions and limitations of center-periphery interpretations.
While Peru and Chile are traditionally viewed as rival powers, under the socialist governments of... more While Peru and Chile are traditionally viewed as rival powers, under the socialist governments of Juan Velasco Alvarado (1968-1975) and of Salvador Allende (1970-1973), they shared a common momentum. This article explores this historical parenthesis and suggests to place the two countries in a crossed perspective, emphasizing not only the similarities in their national policies, but above all the strength of their cooperation at the international level. By studying the Andean Group's structuring and the organization of UNCTAD III in 1972 in Santiago, this article highlights the influence Peru and Chile have had on the multilateral arena as a result of their joint action. Acting as spokespersons for the Third World, Velasco and Allende left their forgotten, yet real, mark on international economic negotiations, and contributed to the impetus towards the Declaration on the New International Economic Order.
A «crisis of development aid» occurred at the end of the 1960s. First, the worrisome indebtedness... more A «crisis of development aid» occurred at the end of the 1960s. First, the worrisome indebtedness of developing countries in Latin America and Asia raised questions about the efficiency of development assistance. Second, decreasing American foreign aid forced developing countries that depended on it to find alternative financing sources. Studies on the crisis carried out by UNCTAD, the OECD and the Pearson Commission motivated a rise in multilateral lending in development financing, notably by the World Bank, the policies of which concurrently evolved towards a neoliberal framework. At the same time, an increase in international financial market activities benefited developing countries. The latters’ use of Eurodollar markets paved the way for the Global South’s indebtedness, which rose after the 1973 oil shock and caused the 1980s debt crisis. This article therefore suggests that the development aid crisis laid the groundwork for the main features of the debt crisis.
Lien : https://laviedesidees.fr/La-fin-de-l-etalon-or.html
Pourquoi l’or a-t-il cessé de servir ... more Lien : https://laviedesidees.fr/La-fin-de-l-etalon-or.html Pourquoi l’or a-t-il cessé de servir d’étalon aux différentes monnaies dans le monde ? Pour répondre à cette question, Arnaud Manas nous emmène dans les coffres des banques centrales pendant la guerre froide.
Link : https://journals.openedition.org/siecles/11123
From the 1950s to the 1970s, developing co... more Link : https://journals.openedition.org/siecles/11123 From the 1950s to the 1970s, developing countries formed a group in the United Nations to negotiate with the Global North countries for a more just world economic system. The group of 77 that emerged out this Global South mobilization contributed to a reconceptualization of international affairs and to new approaches to development policies. For proponents of center-periphery readings, this signaled "the emergence of the periphery in the world-system." While this type of structuralist approach has proved useful for considering the mechanisms of domination and their challenges, it has nevertheless obscured the understanding of the relations between the members of the G77. By examining the mobilization of developing countries in international organizations, this article questions the contributions and limitations of center-periphery interpretations.
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Pourquoi l’or a-t-il cessé de servir d’étalon aux différentes monnaies dans le monde ? Pour répondre à cette question, Arnaud Manas nous emmène dans les coffres des banques centrales pendant la guerre froide.
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From the 1950s to the 1970s, developing countries formed a group in the United Nations to negotiate with the Global North countries for a more just world economic system. The group of 77 that emerged out this Global South mobilization contributed to a reconceptualization of international affairs and to new approaches to development policies. For proponents of center-periphery readings, this signaled "the emergence of the periphery in the world-system." While this type of structuralist approach has proved useful for considering the mechanisms of domination and their challenges, it has nevertheless obscured the understanding of the relations between the members of the G77. By examining the mobilization of developing countries in international organizations, this article questions the contributions and limitations of center-periphery interpretations.
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Pourquoi l’or a-t-il cessé de servir d’étalon aux différentes monnaies dans le monde ? Pour répondre à cette question, Arnaud Manas nous emmène dans les coffres des banques centrales pendant la guerre froide.
From the 1950s to the 1970s, developing countries formed a group in the United Nations to negotiate with the Global North countries for a more just world economic system. The group of 77 that emerged out this Global South mobilization contributed to a reconceptualization of international affairs and to new approaches to development policies. For proponents of center-periphery readings, this signaled "the emergence of the periphery in the world-system." While this type of structuralist approach has proved useful for considering the mechanisms of domination and their challenges, it has nevertheless obscured the understanding of the relations between the members of the G77. By examining the mobilization of developing countries in international organizations, this article questions the contributions and limitations of center-periphery interpretations.