Peer Reviewed Journal Articles by Marella Bodur Ün
The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in Libya and Syria: A Comparative Analysis of Competing Normative Discourses and PracticesLibya ve Suriye’de Koruma Sorumluluğu (R2P): Rakip Normatif Söylemlerin ve Pratiklerin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi, 2023
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Turkish Studies, 2023
This article contributes to recent research on norms by highlighting the
normative agency of non-... more This article contributes to recent research on norms by highlighting the
normative agency of non-Western, local recipients of global norms and the
plurality of local responses to global norm diffusion. Bringing together
insights from norm research and feminist scholarship, this study explores the reception of the global norm on violence against women (the anti-VAW
norm) in Turkey, a Muslim majority country, over the past three decades. The study uncovers three different approaches to the global anti-VAW norm adopted by civil societal actors: adoption/compliance, contestation, and rejection. The analysis reveals that the global anti-VAW norm that seeks to unsettle established patriarchal gender hierarchies faces significant resistance in local contexts. The study thus emphasizes the importance of domestic normative frameworks that condition local responses to global norm diffusion.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Common Market Studies, 2022
Despite taking significant steps to comply with the Copenhagen criteria after receiving the candi... more Despite taking significant steps to comply with the Copenhagen criteria after receiving the candidate-country status in 1999, Turkey gradually moved away from European norms, values, and policy demands in various policy areas. This study explores (de)-Europeanization of Turkey's gender equality policy in terms of both legislative changes and the shifts observed in domestic actors' discourses over the past decade, focusing particularly on the debates surrounding the Istanbul Convention. It argues that the fading credibility of the EU conditionality coupled with domestic political dynamics led to the weakening of the EU as a reference point in domestic debates, where policies ensuring gender equality were reversed by pro-family conservative discourses and policies. The study points to domestic factors, including the country's authoritarian turn, and international factors such as the stalling EU-Turkey relations coupled with the backlash against gender equality in EU member states as the key dimensions of de-Europeanization of gender equality policy.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Social Movement Studies, 2021
The rise of populist far-right parties and anti-gender movements across the globe have challenged... more The rise of populist far-right parties and anti-gender movements across the globe have challenged diverse equality and social justice projects. Despite this inhospitable political climate, social justice movements continue to advance the claims of intersectionally marginalized social groups. Emerging out of the experiences of black women in the US, intersectionality points to the intersection of multiple marginalities and recognizes the interactions of categories of identity/difference as organizing structures of society. Exploring ‘what intersectionality might look like in practice’, Gendered Mobilizations and Intersectional Challenges makes a timely contribution to our understanding of challenges and opportunities of intersectional practices within a broad range of movements in the face of rising global right with anti-equality and anti-gender politics.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Alternatif Politika, 2021
Termik santraller Türkiye’de, enerjide dışa bağımlılığın azaltılması, kalkınmanın hızlanmas... more Termik santraller Türkiye’de, enerjide dışa bağımlılığın azaltılması, kalkınmanın hızlanması ya da ucuz elektrik üretiminin sağlanması gibi hegemonik söylemlerle toplumda rıza oluşturulmaya çalışılarak yaygınlaştırılmaktadır. Bu gelişme insan sağlığını, çevreyi ve yaşam alanlarını tehdit eden termik santrallere karşı mücadele eden çevre hareketlerinin ortaya çıkmasına yol açmıştır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de enerji ihtiyacının karşılanması, kalkınmanın hızlandırılması ve istihdamın arttırılması söylemleriyle yürütülen neoliberal enerji politikalarına meydan okuyan termik santral karşıtı hareketlerden biri olan ve Çanakkale’nin Yenice ilçesinin Çırpılar Köyü’ne kurulması planlan termik santrale karşı ortaya çıkan “Çırpılar Hareketi” incelenmiştir. Nitel veri toplama ve yapılandırılmamış mülakat yöntemleri kullanılan bu çalışmada, 2-5 Temmuz 2018 tarihleri arasında Kazdağı Doğal ve Kültürel Varlıkları Koruma Derneği, Troya Çevre Derneği, İda Dayanışma Derneği, Çanakkale Ziraat Odası, TEMA Vakfı üyeleri ile Çanakkale Yenice köylüleri de dâhil olmak üzere toplam 22 kişi ve kurum ile görüşme yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler ışığında harekete katılanların amaçları, söylemleri ve eylemleri “insan sağlığı”, “çevre” ve “ekonomik etkinlik” olmak üzere üç tema altında değerlendirilip analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada Gramşiyan bir perspektiften Çırpılar Hareketi’nin hegemonya karşıtı bir hareket olduğu ve bu mücadelenin aydınlar tarafından inşa edilen ve dillendirilen söylemlerle yürütüldüğü iddia edilmiştir.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
March, 2021
Since winning its first electoral victory in 2002, the Justice and Development Party (AKP) has pr... more Since winning its first electoral victory in 2002, the Justice and Development Party (AKP) has promoted nuclear energy as crucial for satisfying rising energy needs, triggering economic development and increasing competitiveness of Turkey. This hegemonic discourse has been challenged by the anti-nuclear platform (ANP) that has framed nuclear energy as posing a threat to human life and the nature. Based on an engagement between the framing perspective and the Gramscian approach, this study considers the framing activities of the ANP as a counter-hegemonic strategy to challenge the hegemonic discourses articulated by AKP on nuclear energy over the past 15 years. Analyzing the data from primary sources, such as reports, bulletins, pamphlets, and press releases produced by the ANP and interviews with ANP representatives, this study reveals the ways the platform exercises power through their framing practices and counter-hegemonic discourses to delegitimize the official frame promoting nuclear energy in Turkey.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Review of International Studies, 2019
Over the past two decades, constructivist International Relations (IR) scholars have produced sub... more Over the past two decades, constructivist International Relations (IR) scholars have produced substantial knowledge on the diffusion and adoption of global norms, emphasising the role of Western norm entrepreneurs in constructing and promoting new norms to passive, generally non-Western, norm takers. An emergent literature on norm dynamics unsettles this narrative of linear progress, highlighting the agency of diverse actors, including the agency of non-Western norm entrepreneurs, in normative change. This article contributes to this recent norm research by exploring the normative agency of local actors in the Turkish context, who have actively engaged in normative contestation over the meaning of gender equality. More specifically, the article reveals the crucial role of a pro-government, conservative women's organisation in subverting global gender equality norms and in promoting a local norm of ‘gender justice’ as an alternative. The article furthers research on norm contestation by analysing the discursive strategies and justifications local norm makers have adopted in the Turkish context upon encountering norms that challenged their normative beliefs and practices. Finally, the article critically engages with postsecular feminism, highlighting the agency of a religiously informed, conservative women's organisation as a non-Western norm entrepreneur.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 2018
Internet tabanlı iletişim teknolojilerinin yerel, ulusal ve ulusötesi toplumsal hareketler tarafı... more Internet tabanlı iletişim teknolojilerinin yerel, ulusal ve ulusötesi toplumsal hareketler tarafından giderek daha fazla kullanılır hale gelmesiyle ve buna bağlı olarak toplumsal hareketlerin iletişim, mobilizasyon ve protesto dinamiklerinde meydana gelen değişimlerle beraber, yeni Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri (BİT) konusu toplumsal hareket çalışmalarının gündeminde önemli bir yer edinmeye başlamıştır. Küresel Adalet Hareketi, Arap Baharı ve Wall Street'i İşgal Et gibi toplumsal hareketler, geniş kitlelere ulaşmak, katılımcı ve destekçi sayısını arttırmak ve hedeflerine ulaşabilmek için yeni iletişim teknolojilerinden ağırlıklı olarak faydalanmıştır. Bu makalede, toplumsal hareket çalışmaları alanında geliştirilen kavram ve kuramlara dayanarak, yeni BİT ve toplumsal hareketler arasındaki ilişki incelenecektir. Bu bağlamda, yeni BİT'in kullanım amaçları, yarattığı fırsatlar, avantajları ve dezavantajları farklı toplumsal hareketlerden örnekler verilerek analiz edilecektir. Çalışmamız, yeni BİT'in zemin hazırladığı toplumsal değişimlerle birlikte, toplumsal hareketlerin oluşum, iletişim, mobilizasyon ve protesto dinamiklerinde de değişimler gerçekleştiğini iddia etmekte ve yeni BİT kullanımının toplumsal hareketlere etkilerini inceleyerek toplumsal hareketler literatürüne katkı yapmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Abstract With the increasing usage of Internet-based communication technologies by local, national and transnational social movements and the resultant changes in the communication, mobilization and protest dynamics of these movements, new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have become the focus of much academic research in social movement studies. In order to publicize their demands, attract potential participants and realize their aims, social movements such as the Global Justice Movement, the Arab Spring, and the Occupy Wall Street have employed new communications technologies. Drawing on the conceptual and theoretical tools developed by social movement researchers, this study focuses on the relationship between new ICTs and social movements in terms of the opportunities they open up and their advantages and disadvantages, referring to different social movements from around the world. This study aims to make a contribution to the existing literature by uncovering the changing dynamics of mobilization, communication and protest of social movements as a result of the usage of new ICTs.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Collective Political Violence and Analysis of Islamist Social Movements: The Case of Hamas:
A s... more Collective Political Violence and Analysis of Islamist Social Movements: The Case of Hamas:
A survey of the literature on political violence reveals that there is no paradigmatic approach with which to study different forms of collective political violence. Thus, there is a need for a new framework which overcomes the shortcomings of the existing literature. While the study of social movements has generally focused on non-violent collective action in democratic settings and neglected violence in social movements, it still provides the necessary tools to examine cases of collective political violence. Just like non-violent social movements, movements that adopt political violence experience problems related to organization, mobilization of resources, recruitment and construction of collective action frames. They are also affected by the changing political opportunities. Thus, this study argues that Social Movement Studies can contribute to the development of a more comprehensive approach with which to analyze collective political violence as it offers the necessary theoretical and conceptual tools such as political opportunity structures, resource mobilization, organizational mobilization strategies and processes of framing and identity construction. Such tools would help us better situate a complex organization such as Hamas, which is often inadequately analyzed within the literature on collective political violence dominated by Terrorism Studies.
Keywords: Collective Political Violence, Social Movement Studies, Terrorism Studies, Social Movements, Hamas
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Kolektif siyasal şiddet örgütlenmelerini, toplumsal hareketler teorilerinin sunduğu imkânlar arac... more Kolektif siyasal şiddet örgütlenmelerini, toplumsal hareketler teorilerinin sunduğu imkânlar aracılığıyla yeniden inceleme girişimi, söz konusu vakaların özgün toplumsal-tarihsel bağlamlarında ve bütüncül bir analiz ile değerlendirilebilmesi hedefini içermektedir. Bu çalışma, siyasal şiddet literatüründeki çeşitliliğin kuramsal analiz noktasında engelleyici olabileceği görüşünden hareket etmekte ve literatürdeki bu sorunun, toplumsal hareketler teorilerinin hareketlerin mekanizmaları ve süreçleri üzerine geliştirdiği zengin içerikle aşılabileceği savını desteklemektedir. Çalışma bu kapsamda, Kaynak Mobilizasyonu ve Yeni Toplumsal Hareketler teorilerinin analitik unsurlarından faydalanarak radikalleşme ve de-radikalizasyon döngüsünün analizine yönelmektedir. Böylece, kolektif siyasal şiddet örgütlenmelerinin oluşum süreci, toplumsal ve siyasal koşullar, örgütsel dinamikler ve bireysel katılımın dinamikleri incelenerek daha bütüncül bir yaklaşımla ortaya konulmaktadır.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2017
Öz Küreselleşme ile göç de özellikle son yirmi yıldır ilgi çek-meye başlamış, güvenlikleştirilmiş... more Öz Küreselleşme ile göç de özellikle son yirmi yıldır ilgi çek-meye başlamış, güvenlikleştirilmiş ve " yüksek politika " konusu olmuştur. Bu çalışma düzensiz göçü Adana ili özelinde ele alarak göçü küreselleşme öncesi yaklaşım-larla yönetme sorunsalını tartışmaktadır. Bu bağlam-da, 2011 yazında, Adana Yabancılar Şube Müdürlüğü Misafirhanesi'ne gelen düzensiz göçmenlerle yüz yüze anket çalışması yapılarak, göçmenlerin demografik ve aile yapıları ile göç ve hedef ülkeleri seçme nedenleri araştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonunda, göçün sebebinin belirlenmesinin, kısmen gönderen ülkelerdeki siyasi ve ekonomik sebeplerin birbiriyle etkileşmesinden dolayı güç olduğu, bunun da göçmen tipinin belirlenmesini de güçleştirdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca göçün eko-nomiler üzerindeki ağır finansal ve insan kaynakları yükü nedeniyle, konunun ulus-devlet seviyesinde ele alınmaması gerektiği, uluslarüstü bir yaklaşımın ve yönetimin, göç yönetimi yükünü üstlenmesi gerektiği görüşü savunulmuştur. Bu yaklaşım, göçün yalnızca güvenlik boyutu üzerine değil, insan hakları boyutu üzerine de odaklanmalıdır. Küreselleşme sürecindeki göç deneyimi " göç veren, göç alan ve transit ülke " olan Türkiye'nin son altı yılda yaşadığı göçmen akını, bu ça-lışmanın sonucunu destekler niteliktedir.
Abstract: With the advent of globalization, migration received greater attention over the last twenty years, and has become securitized and emerged as an issue of " high politics ". This work focuses on irregular migration and points to the challenges of its management, using irregular migration in Adana as a case study. The empirical work in this study, which is based on face-to-face interviews with irregular migrants held at Adana Foreigners' Guest House, contributes to the knowledge on irregular migration by giving voice to irregular migrants, exploring their demographics and motives for migration. The research reveals that it is difficult to determine the reasons for migration, due in part to the interplay between political and economic conditions in sending countries, which makes immigrant classification extremely challenging. This work argues that due to the financial and human resource burdens migration places on individual nation-states, supra-national organizations should shoulder the burden of managing irregular migration. This study was conducted in 2011, before Syrian migrants started fleeing to Turkey. The migration flows Turkey confronted in the last six years support the results of this study that there is a need for strengthening existing supranational legal framework and institutional mechanisms to manage irregular migration more humanely and effectively.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Uluslararası İlişkiler, 2017
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Uluslararası Hukuka Üçüncü Dünya Yaklaşımları (Third World Approaches to International Law-TWAIL)... more Uluslararası Hukuka Üçüncü Dünya Yaklaşımları (Third World Approaches to International Law-TWAIL), günümüz uluslararası hukuk düzeni ile geçmişin sömürgecilik mirası arasında bağlantı kurmakta ve insani müdahale ile Koruma Sorumluluğu (Responsibility to Protect-R2P) gibi kavramları bu çerçevede yorumlamaktadır. Geleneksel analizler, insani müdahaleyi uluslararası hukuka uygunluk bağlamında tartışmakta ve Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi (BMGK) kararlarına odaklanmaktadır. TWAIL ise, insan hakları ve demokrasi söylemleri ekseninde yapılan müdahaleleri tarihsel bir hukuk ve meşruiyet okumasıyla değerlendirmektedir. Bu bağlamda incelenen Libya müdahalesi, TWAIL’in uluslararası hukuka, insani müdahaleye ve R2P’ye ilişkin varsayımlarını tartışma fırsatını sunmaktadır. Bu makale, TWAIL’in geliştirdiği analiz çerçevesine dayanarak, Batı’nın Üçüncü Dünya’ya müdahale etmek için uluslararası hukuku ve R2P’yi nasıl araçsallaştırdığını ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Book Chapters by Marella Bodur Ün
Türkiye Siyasetinin Sınırları-Siyasal Davranış, Kuramlar ve Kültür: Ersin Kalaycıoğlu'na Armağan. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2023
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Neoliberalism and Global Insecurities: Thinking Resilience/Resistance in Turkey, 2024
This chapter studies the perceived threat of “gender ideology” that has generated anxiety that ha... more This chapter studies the perceived threat of “gender ideology” that has generated anxiety that has led to the emergence of “anti-gender” campaigns and movements around the globe, threatening gender equality and LGBTQI+ rights. It focuses on the Turkish context, where gender equality legislation and policies have been increasingly negated by anti-gender and pro-family conservative discourses and policies adopted by the successive Justice and Development Party (AKP) governments over the past fifteen years. The study explores “the masculinist restoration project,” which has been underway in Turkey to reinstate male dominance through dismantling gender equality legislation (such as the Istanbul Convention and the Law No.6248), and to cope with the symptoms of neoliberal global policies, which have led to various insecurities and ontological vulnerabilities. Bringing together insights from the ontological (in)security research and feminist scholarship, this chapter explores how the project of masculinist restoration, imposed by the successive AKP governments, has triggered physical and ontological insecurity for women and produced tensions and resistance in women’s lives. In Turkey, women’s resistance has been expressed in multifaceted ways, through street protests and disclosures of gender-based violence and in diverse locations such as the streets, courts, and social media platforms, creating alternative counter-publics.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Güvenliği Yeniden Okumak (der. Harun Arıkan & Ali Gök), 8. bölüm, 2024
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
This chapter examines Turkey-EU relations through the prism of gender equality policies. It argue... more This chapter examines Turkey-EU relations through the prism of gender equality policies. It argues that Turkey has been undergoing a process of “de-Europeanization”, in which commitments and policies to improve women’s status in Turkey have been negated by gender discourses and policies adopted by the ruling AKP (Justice and Development Party - Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi) since 2010. In the area of gender policy, there has been a “normative shift” under the AKP governments from the norm of “gender equality” to the vision of “gender justice”, which emphasizes the inherent differences between men and women and devalues policies such as equal opportunities and positive discrimination.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Women in Turkey received the right to vote and run for office in local elections in 1930 and in n... more Women in Turkey received the right to vote and run for office in local elections in 1930 and in national elections in 1934. While Republican modernizing reforms improved the status of women, there was a 10-year gap between recognizing women’s rights to education and to divorce and extending women the right to vote. This chapter argues that the extension of political rights to women was a product of both national and international factors. The modernization/Westernization and nation-building projects of the Republican elites, which emphasized women’s emancipation, provided an opportunity structure for women to organize and push for their political rights. At the international level, Republican elites granted women their political rights to show Turkey’s commitment to the project of modernization and to women’s rights.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Co-authored Book Chapters by Marella Bodur Ün
Turkey’s Challenges and Transformation, 2023
This chapter examines how Turkey has selectively transformed its environmental policy as part of ... more This chapter examines how Turkey has selectively transformed its environmental policy as part of its Europeanization process since the late 1990s. An analysis of official documents has revealed that out of three areas -public participation in environmental governance, environmental impact assessment, and the mitigation of climate change- Turkey has recently preferred “selective Europeanization” only in the area of climate change. After holding off for five years, Turkey ratified the Paris Climate Agreement in 2021, prepared the Green Deal Action Plan, and declared its commitment for a carbon-neutral economy by 2053. Building on the Europeanization literature, this study attributes Turkey’s recent decision to harmonize its climate change policy with that of the EU to the cost/benefit calculations of the ruling Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi—AKP), which has finally acknowledged the link between the implementation of green policies and the access to global financial resources. Focusing on the role of material calculations, this study points to domestic politico-economic dynamics to explain the selective-Europeanization of Turkey’s environmental policy.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Samuel Peleg (ed.), Intercultural and Interfaith Dialogues for Global Peacebuilding and Stability, 2019
Existing studies on Syrian refugees in Turkey focused either on the difficulties refugees have be... more Existing studies on Syrian refugees in Turkey focused either on the difficulties refugees have been experiencing or on how refugee identities have been unilaterally transformed during their interaction with the host culture. Drawing on the literature on identity and politics of recognition, this chapter argues that intercultural encounters transform the identities, values, and norms of both host communities and refugees. The analysis is based on semi-structured interviews with non-camp Syrian refugees and local citizens in the cities of Mersin and Adana to uncover the interactions of refugees and the host society, focusing on intercultural encounters at diverse settings, including classrooms, schools, campuses, hospitals, and neighborhoods. The chapter reveals that recognition of diverse cultures, respect, empathy, and social support influence intercultural interactions in a positive way. It also shows that reflexivity and the willingness to interact on the part of both refugees and the host culture facilitate interactions and negotiations between them.
Keywords: Syrian refugees, intercultural transition, intercultural encounters, identity, hybridity, politics of recognition, constructivism, postcolonialism, positive peace, Mersin, Adana, Turkey
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Uploads
Peer Reviewed Journal Articles by Marella Bodur Ün
normative agency of non-Western, local recipients of global norms and the
plurality of local responses to global norm diffusion. Bringing together
insights from norm research and feminist scholarship, this study explores the reception of the global norm on violence against women (the anti-VAW
norm) in Turkey, a Muslim majority country, over the past three decades. The study uncovers three different approaches to the global anti-VAW norm adopted by civil societal actors: adoption/compliance, contestation, and rejection. The analysis reveals that the global anti-VAW norm that seeks to unsettle established patriarchal gender hierarchies faces significant resistance in local contexts. The study thus emphasizes the importance of domestic normative frameworks that condition local responses to global norm diffusion.
Abstract With the increasing usage of Internet-based communication technologies by local, national and transnational social movements and the resultant changes in the communication, mobilization and protest dynamics of these movements, new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have become the focus of much academic research in social movement studies. In order to publicize their demands, attract potential participants and realize their aims, social movements such as the Global Justice Movement, the Arab Spring, and the Occupy Wall Street have employed new communications technologies. Drawing on the conceptual and theoretical tools developed by social movement researchers, this study focuses on the relationship between new ICTs and social movements in terms of the opportunities they open up and their advantages and disadvantages, referring to different social movements from around the world. This study aims to make a contribution to the existing literature by uncovering the changing dynamics of mobilization, communication and protest of social movements as a result of the usage of new ICTs.
A survey of the literature on political violence reveals that there is no paradigmatic approach with which to study different forms of collective political violence. Thus, there is a need for a new framework which overcomes the shortcomings of the existing literature. While the study of social movements has generally focused on non-violent collective action in democratic settings and neglected violence in social movements, it still provides the necessary tools to examine cases of collective political violence. Just like non-violent social movements, movements that adopt political violence experience problems related to organization, mobilization of resources, recruitment and construction of collective action frames. They are also affected by the changing political opportunities. Thus, this study argues that Social Movement Studies can contribute to the development of a more comprehensive approach with which to analyze collective political violence as it offers the necessary theoretical and conceptual tools such as political opportunity structures, resource mobilization, organizational mobilization strategies and processes of framing and identity construction. Such tools would help us better situate a complex organization such as Hamas, which is often inadequately analyzed within the literature on collective political violence dominated by Terrorism Studies.
Keywords: Collective Political Violence, Social Movement Studies, Terrorism Studies, Social Movements, Hamas
Abstract: With the advent of globalization, migration received greater attention over the last twenty years, and has become securitized and emerged as an issue of " high politics ". This work focuses on irregular migration and points to the challenges of its management, using irregular migration in Adana as a case study. The empirical work in this study, which is based on face-to-face interviews with irregular migrants held at Adana Foreigners' Guest House, contributes to the knowledge on irregular migration by giving voice to irregular migrants, exploring their demographics and motives for migration. The research reveals that it is difficult to determine the reasons for migration, due in part to the interplay between political and economic conditions in sending countries, which makes immigrant classification extremely challenging. This work argues that due to the financial and human resource burdens migration places on individual nation-states, supra-national organizations should shoulder the burden of managing irregular migration. This study was conducted in 2011, before Syrian migrants started fleeing to Turkey. The migration flows Turkey confronted in the last six years support the results of this study that there is a need for strengthening existing supranational legal framework and institutional mechanisms to manage irregular migration more humanely and effectively.
Book Chapters by Marella Bodur Ün
Co-authored Book Chapters by Marella Bodur Ün
Keywords: Syrian refugees, intercultural transition, intercultural encounters, identity, hybridity, politics of recognition, constructivism, postcolonialism, positive peace, Mersin, Adana, Turkey
normative agency of non-Western, local recipients of global norms and the
plurality of local responses to global norm diffusion. Bringing together
insights from norm research and feminist scholarship, this study explores the reception of the global norm on violence against women (the anti-VAW
norm) in Turkey, a Muslim majority country, over the past three decades. The study uncovers three different approaches to the global anti-VAW norm adopted by civil societal actors: adoption/compliance, contestation, and rejection. The analysis reveals that the global anti-VAW norm that seeks to unsettle established patriarchal gender hierarchies faces significant resistance in local contexts. The study thus emphasizes the importance of domestic normative frameworks that condition local responses to global norm diffusion.
Abstract With the increasing usage of Internet-based communication technologies by local, national and transnational social movements and the resultant changes in the communication, mobilization and protest dynamics of these movements, new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have become the focus of much academic research in social movement studies. In order to publicize their demands, attract potential participants and realize their aims, social movements such as the Global Justice Movement, the Arab Spring, and the Occupy Wall Street have employed new communications technologies. Drawing on the conceptual and theoretical tools developed by social movement researchers, this study focuses on the relationship between new ICTs and social movements in terms of the opportunities they open up and their advantages and disadvantages, referring to different social movements from around the world. This study aims to make a contribution to the existing literature by uncovering the changing dynamics of mobilization, communication and protest of social movements as a result of the usage of new ICTs.
A survey of the literature on political violence reveals that there is no paradigmatic approach with which to study different forms of collective political violence. Thus, there is a need for a new framework which overcomes the shortcomings of the existing literature. While the study of social movements has generally focused on non-violent collective action in democratic settings and neglected violence in social movements, it still provides the necessary tools to examine cases of collective political violence. Just like non-violent social movements, movements that adopt political violence experience problems related to organization, mobilization of resources, recruitment and construction of collective action frames. They are also affected by the changing political opportunities. Thus, this study argues that Social Movement Studies can contribute to the development of a more comprehensive approach with which to analyze collective political violence as it offers the necessary theoretical and conceptual tools such as political opportunity structures, resource mobilization, organizational mobilization strategies and processes of framing and identity construction. Such tools would help us better situate a complex organization such as Hamas, which is often inadequately analyzed within the literature on collective political violence dominated by Terrorism Studies.
Keywords: Collective Political Violence, Social Movement Studies, Terrorism Studies, Social Movements, Hamas
Abstract: With the advent of globalization, migration received greater attention over the last twenty years, and has become securitized and emerged as an issue of " high politics ". This work focuses on irregular migration and points to the challenges of its management, using irregular migration in Adana as a case study. The empirical work in this study, which is based on face-to-face interviews with irregular migrants held at Adana Foreigners' Guest House, contributes to the knowledge on irregular migration by giving voice to irregular migrants, exploring their demographics and motives for migration. The research reveals that it is difficult to determine the reasons for migration, due in part to the interplay between political and economic conditions in sending countries, which makes immigrant classification extremely challenging. This work argues that due to the financial and human resource burdens migration places on individual nation-states, supra-national organizations should shoulder the burden of managing irregular migration. This study was conducted in 2011, before Syrian migrants started fleeing to Turkey. The migration flows Turkey confronted in the last six years support the results of this study that there is a need for strengthening existing supranational legal framework and institutional mechanisms to manage irregular migration more humanely and effectively.
Keywords: Syrian refugees, intercultural transition, intercultural encounters, identity, hybridity, politics of recognition, constructivism, postcolonialism, positive peace, Mersin, Adana, Turkey