Jordi Salat

I Encuentro de la Oceanografía Física Española (EOF), 13-15 de octubre 2010, BarcelonaSince the late 80s of last century, changes have been observed in the structures of the deep waters in the Mediterranean. First it was in the Eastern Mediterranean where there was a total renovation of the deeper waters due to a spatial shift in their formation area and hence on the water characteristics. This situation had reversed again to the preceding at the beginning of the present decade. In the Western Mediterranean deep waters remained stable until winter of 2005, after which there was a total renovation of the deep waters changing their properties despite there was no significant displacement in the preferential formation sites. In this presentation both changes in Eastern and Western Mediterranean are compared, along with their common features and differences, pointing out to the possible causes of those changes. Finally we focus on further aspects of the deep water formation processes that have emerged, thanks to those changes in the deep waters and with the inestimable help of new developments in technologyPeer Reviewe

Temperature and salinity of intermediate and deep waters of the western Mediterranean have rised during the XX century. These changes are well documented in the specialised literature (Bethoux et al., 1998, Rholing and Bryden, 1992, Tsimplis and Baker, 2000). Nevertheless it is not yet clear whether these changes are due to global warming and a change in the deep water

XXXII Trobades Científiques de la Mediterrània, Planeta Oceà - Planet Ocean, celebradas del 5 al 7 de octubre de 2016 en Maó, Menorca.-- Homenatge als Drs. Marta Estrada, Jordi Font i Jordi Salat, pioners de l'oceanografia mediterrània moderna. A tribute to Drs. Marta Estrada, Jordi Font and Jordi Salat, pioneers of modern Mediterranean oceanography.-- 1 pageIn 2009, the composition of phytoplankton was studied in the open NW Mediterranean (MEDOC area) during three key ecological situations: bloom (March-April), post-bloom (May) and late stratification (September). Pigments were quantified by HPLC and cells by flow cytometry and optical microscopy. Despite the great variability between stations within each cruise, statistical PCA analysis revealed that stations were more different intercruises than intra-cruises. The bloom period was very dynamic. We found an initial prebloom situation with strong vertical mixing, and slightly more stratified waters towards the end of the cruise, when a diatom bloom started. A chlorophyll maximum was observed at surface rather than at depth. Prymnesiophytes were the next phytoplankton group in terms of abundance, while prasinophytes, pelagophytes and Synechococcus contributed more to the bulk phytoplankton during the first part of the cruise (the pre-bloom). Dinoflagellates were residual. During the post-bloom cruise the stations were also very heterogeneous. Two stations located south in the area presented a marked deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) and were dominated by prymnesiophytes and pelagophytes, with a significant presence of diatoms in surface and low concentrations of Synechococcus, dinoflagellates and prasinophytes in general. On all other stations there was not a clear DCM. The highlight of this cruise was the massive dominance of Synechococcus on some stations and cryptophytes on others. In September the stations were more homogeneous. Here, prymnesiophytes dominated, with a significant presence of Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus along the water column, and pelagophytes at the DCM and below. Prasinophytes, cryptophytes and dinoflagellates were scarce. In terms of phytoplankton groups, diatoms dominated during the bloom situation and their importance decreased while stratification increased. Prymnesiophytes contributed always significantly ( ̴30%) to the bulk phytoplankton with a slight preference for surface layers. Synechococcus presented bloom concentrations in few stations of the post-bloom cruise (to our knowledge a first report of this kind in the NW Mediterranean), and significant concentrations during all cruises. Cryptophytes were in general very scarce except in some very shallow samples of few stations during the post-bloom cruise. Pelagophytes contributed around 20% at depth during the post-bloom and late stratification cruises. Prochlorococcus appeared only in the late stratification cruise and especially in the top layers of the DCM. Prasinophytes were present in all situations. Photosynthetic dinoflagellates were always residualPeer Reviewe

Aquatic Sciences Meeting, Aquatic Sciences: Global And Regional Perspectives - North Meets South, 22-27 February 2015, Granada, SpainThe relationships between environmental forcing (hydrographic characteristics of the water column, in situ PAR and major nutrient profiles) and the vertical distribution patterns of in vivo fluorescence and chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration have been studied along transects of the Malaspina 2010 expedition covering several biogeographic regions in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Except in the zone of the Equatorial upwelling, a subsurface Chl a maximum (SCM) was generally found at depths between 60 and 150 m. It was typically located at about the 1% light level, in association with the nutriclines and the nitrite maximum. The SCM occurred well below the depth of maximum Brunt-Väisälä frequency in the open Indian Ocean and South Equatorial Pacific, and near or above it in zones strongly influenced by advection (Agulhas, Great Australian Bight). The average proportion of Chl a in the size fraction < 2 micrometers ranged from 60% at surface to 66% at the DCM. The relationship between surface Chl a concentration and integrated Chl a was significant for some geographical regions, but not for the whole data setPeer Reviewe

In its overall strategy, COMMON SENSE work packages (11) can be grouped into 3 key phases: (1) RD basis for cost-effective sensor development, (2) Sensor development, sensor web platform and integration, and (3) Field testing. In the Phase 1, within WP1 and WP2, partners have provided a general understanding and integrated basis for a cost effective sensors development. In Phase 2, within the WP3 and WPs 4 to 8, the new sensors have been created and planned to be integrated into instruments for the different identified platforms and how data produced will be processed, organised and saved. During the phase 3, within WP9, partners are deploying precompetitive prototypes at chosen platforms (e.g. research vessels, oil platforms, buoys and submerged moorings, ocean racing yachts, drifting buoys). Starting from August 2015 (month 22; Task 9.2), these platforms are permitting the partnership to test the adaptability and performance of the in-situ sensors and verify if the transmission of...

The last decade has seen significant growth in the field of sensor networks, which are currently collecting large amounts of environmental data. This data needs to be collected, processed, stored and made available for analysis and interpretation in a manner which is meaningful and accessible to end users and stakeholders with a range of requirements, including government agencies, environmental agencies, the research community, industry users and the public. The COMMONSENSE project aims to develop and provide cost-effective, multi-functional innovative sensors to perform reliable in-situ measurements in the marine environment. The sensors will be easily usable across several platforms, and will focus on key parameters including eutrophication, heavy metal contaminants, marine litter (microplastics) and underwater noise descriptors of the MSFD. The aims of Tasks 2.1 and 2.2 which comprise the work of this deliverable are: • To obtain a comprehensive understanding and an up-to-date s...

The COMMON SENSE project has been designed and planned in order to meet the general and specific scientific and technical objectives mentioned in its Description of Work (page 77). As the overall strategy, the 11 work packages (WPs) of the work plan were grouped into 3 key phases: (1) RD basis for cost-effective sensor development , (2) Sensor development, sensor web platform and integration, and (3) Field testing. In the first two phases, partners involved in WP1 and WP2 have provided a general understanding and integrated basis for a cost effective sensors development. Within the following WPs 4 to 8 the new sensors were created and integrated into different identified platforms. During the third phase of field testing (WP9), partners have deployed precompetitive prototypes at chosen platforms (e.g. research vessels, oil platforms, buoys and submerged moorings, ocean racing yachts, drifting buoys). Starting from August 2015 (month 22; task 9.2), these platforms have allowed the pa...

Deliverable 1.4 is aimed at identification of existing and operable observing systems and sensors which are relevant to COMMON SENSE objectives. Report aggregates information on existing observing initiatives, programmes, systems, platforms and sensors. The Report includes: • inventory of previous and current EU funded projects. Some of the them, even if started before 2007, were aimed at activities which are relevant or in line with those stemming from MSFD in 2008. The ‘granulation’ of the contents and objectives of the projects varies from sensors development through observation methodologies to monitoring strategies, • inventory of research infrastructure in Europe. It starts from an attempt to define of Marine Research Infrastructure, as there is not a single definition of Research Infrastructure (RI) or of Marine Research Infrastructure (MRI), and there are different ways to categorise them. The chapter gives the categorization of the MRI, together with detailed description an...

Satellite data have revealed the presence of an intens4e mesoscale anticyclonic eddy at the northern boundary of the Balearic Sea, which appeared in September 1998 and remained almost stationary until March 1999. Sea Surface Temperature (SST) images have allowed to investigate the formation of the eddy indicating an entrance of Atlantic Water through the Ibiza and Mallorca channels much stronger

16 pages, 6 figures, 1 tableNumerosos estudios han puesto en evidencia el impacto positivo y significativo de los factores físicos que contribuyen a la fertilización de los ecosistemas marinos sobre sus poblaciones. Las descargas fluviales de los ríos provocan fluctuaciones del reclutamiento y las capturas de algunas especies de peces. La relación positiva que existe entre las aguas de origen fluvial y la producción y distribución de muchas especies se explica por el efecto fertilizador de los aportes fluviales no sólo en la desembocadura de los ríos sino también en las zonas adyacentes. Este fenómeno es especialmente importante en aguas oligotróficas como las del Mediterráneo. Se presentan, a titulo de ejemplo, los resultados de un estudio que relaciona los aportes fluviales y el efecto de los vientos con las capturas de anchoa y sardina respectivamente, en Tarragona. Se han seleccionado estas dos variables ambientales debido a que juegan un papel importante en la producción planctónica del Mediterráneo occidental. A su vez, las dos especies se han seleccionado por ser las especies pelágicas más abundantes y por tener periodos de reproducción opuestos dentro del ciclo anual. Los resultados muestran que un aumento en el caudal del Ebro durante la reproducción es favorable a los reproductores y a los primeros estadios, de la anchoa, repercutiendo en el reclutamiento anual. Por el contrario, el reclutamiento de la sardina esta relacionado con la intensidad de los vientosPeer Reviewe

1 page, 2 figuresThe results of a Lagrangian survey of waters of continental origin from the Gulf of Lions are presented. Three drifters were launched at the edge of the continental shelf around the core of the shelf-slope current and followed up to near Barcelona. The current was carrying surface waters with relatively low salinity from the Gulf of Lions, influenced by Rhone runoff. Monitoring of environmental conditions, planktonic communities and anchovy larvae living in the surface water parcel tracked by the drifters was conducted in order to evaluate the suitability of these waters for the survival of anchovy larva

The Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO, Spanish Institute of Oceanography) has maintained different monitoring programs in the Spanish Mediterranean waters (Western Mediterranean) since 1992. All these monitoring programs were unified in 2007 under the current program RADMED (series temporales de datos oceanográficos en el Mediterráneo), which is devoted to the in situ multidisciplinary sampling of the water column of coastal and open-sea waters by means of periodic oceanographic campaigns. These campaigns, together with a network of tide-gauges, are part of the IEO Observing system (IEOOS). In some cases, the temperature and salinity time series collected in the frame of these monitoring programs are now more than 30 years long, whereas sea level time series date to the beginning of the 1940s. This information has been complemented with international databases and has been analyzed in numerous works by the Grupo mediterráneo de Cambio Climático (GCC; Mediterranean Climate Chang...

The analysis of a 24-year time series of Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) casts collected in the Balearic Channels (1996–2019) has allowed detecting and quantifying long-term changes in water mass properties in the Western Mediterranean. For the complete period, the intermediate waters have experienced warming and salting at rates of 1.4°C/100yr and 0.3–0.6/100yr for the Western Intermediate Water, and 1°C/100yr and 0.3–0.4/100yr for the Levantine Intermediate Water. The density of these two water masses has not changed. The deep waters, defined as those denser than 29.1 kg/m3, showed positive trends in temperature, salinity, and density (0.8°C/100yr, 0.2/100yr, and 0.02 kg.m–3/100yr, respectively). The high temporal variability of the upper layer makes the detection of long-term changes more difficult. Nevertheless, combining CTD data with temperature data from the oceanographic station at L’Estartit and simulated data from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, it can be established that t...

2nd International Ocean Research Conference, One planet one ocean, 17-21 November 2014, Barcelona, SpainThe phytoplankton bloom in the Liguro-Provençal deep convection region represents one of the main fertilization mechanisms in the Mediterranean. This communication examines microphytoplankton observations and primary production data obtained during four cruises covering the seasonal changes between mid-March and September in the region. Our aims were to constrain primary production estimates and to ascertain the importance of short-term environmental variability on the photosynthetic response of phytoplankton assemblages in the area. Seasonal trends from winter to late summer were clear, with stratification increasing and Chl a concentration, primary production and dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate fluxes decreasing. Chl a at 5 m depth reached a maximum of 7 mg m-3 on 25 March 2005 and average surface values ranged from approximately 2 mg m-3 in the March cruises to 0.1 mg m-3 in September. Vertically integrated (0-80 m) primary production attained 1800 mg C m-2 in March 2009, one of the highest values measured in the region, with an average of approximately 1000 mg C m-2, and decreased to a mean of 145 mg C m-2 in September 2009. However, during the bloom and post-bloom periods, both phytoplankton biomass and primary production showed considerable variability at the scale of days, in connection with the mesoscale heterogeneity in the region and with the physiological and ecological history of the planktonic communities associated with each present water body. These observations have implications for regional estimates of primary production based on modeling and remote sensingPeer Reviewe

This dataset compiles information obtained during the cruise RETRO-BMC. A companion dataset includes additional information obtained using high-frequency profiling floats and a high-resolution microstructure profiler. The "readme file" contains a description of the different folders and archives

1 page, 1 figureWe studied physico-chemical (temperature, salinity, inorganic nutrients) and biological (phytoplakton pigment composition, bacterial numbers, protein, DNA, RNA, and POM) characteristics of a hydrographically diverse area of the northern Catalan sea during the stratification period (June 2000). The sampled stations were affected by a) continental shelf (coastal waters), and b) low salinity surface waters from the Gulf of Lions in?uenced by the Rhone runnoff (called Plume), carried by the shelf-slope Catalan current. We compared these areas with oceanic waters. The relative fertilising effect of the Plume for the plankton communities is discussedPeer Reviewe

185 pagesMultidisciplinary time series generated by the monitoring programs supported by the Spanish Institute for Oceanography (IEO, Instituto Español de Oceanografía) in the Spanish Mediterranean Waters are analyzed. These time series extend from 1992 in some cases, whereas in others they started in 2007 when the different monitoring programs funded by IEO were merged in the current project RADMED. These time series are used to describe the average values and ranges of variability of different variables that could be useful for describing the environmental state of the Spanish Mediterranean waters. Such analyses and statistics are provided as tables that could be used as a reference for future research work or for management purposes.Data from the IEO monitoring programs are complemented with meteorological information from the Spanish Meteorological Agency (AEMET, Agencia Estatal de Meteorología), satellite data from the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency) and l’Estartit oceanographic and meteorological station, operated by Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM/CSIC).Besides the description of the current environmental state of the Spanish Mediterranean marine ecosystems, an analysis of long term trends is carried out, assessing the possible changes associated to Climate ChangePeer reviewe