Books by Israel Adoba
A book by Israel Adoba on the next wave of terrorism
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Book Reviews by Israel Adoba
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Essays by Israel Adoba
Understanding the role of the Church in fighting the Sicilian Mafia. Excerpts taken from my recen... more Understanding the role of the Church in fighting the Sicilian Mafia. Excerpts taken from my recent visit to Sicily.
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Answering this question has spurned up a heated debate among scholars in this field. This is my v... more Answering this question has spurned up a heated debate among scholars in this field. This is my view with regards to answering this question.
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An analysis as to why individuals are drawn to terrorism as a lifestyle from various perspectives.
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This paper seeks to answer the question as to whether the Cold War was beneficial to African Stat... more This paper seeks to answer the question as to whether the Cold War was beneficial to African States, using Ghana as an empirical reference.
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It has been said that organized crime is the dark side of globalization. No country alone is resp... more It has been said that organized crime is the dark side of globalization. No country alone is responsible for the problem; in fact, each State plays a role in the entire global criminal puzzle. Nevertheless, organized crime always targets and hits locally, in every corner of our societies, threatening and even destroying what is more precious for every person: health, family, happiness and ultimately life (Medina-Mora 2005). This paper seeks to answer the question as to why it is hard to fight organized criminal groups in the world using Great Britain as the focal point of reference.
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The argument between 'new wars' and 'old wars' has been on for a long period of time. This paper ... more The argument between 'new wars' and 'old wars' has been on for a long period of time. This paper seeks to address this issue using case studies of Afghanistan and Syria which are perfect examples of the statement posed by the title of this essay. This essay is open to criticisms and I look forward to an intelligent debate on the subject matter.
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Papers by Israel Adoba
Institute For Peace and Conflict Resolution, 2019
The rule of law has been identified as the focal point of reference in ensuring that States opera... more The rule of law has been identified as the focal point of reference in ensuring that States operate a free and fair democratic system that will apply the fundamentals of sustainable development. As with the dividends of democratic rule, the subject of the rule of law must be applied accordingly where its principles will be supported by people who seek to ensure the betterment of the society. This, however, is yet to be applied to the Nigerian system, as the country is “yet” to be truly free from the strong grip of colonialism and hence cannot be called a true “Nation-State”. What the country currently operates as the system of the “Rule of Law” are just mere words applied on blue-ink, but are yet to manifest due to poor governance, high-end corruption, and a host of other issues which have smeared the Nigerian image, hence the failure to achieve sustainable development. Thus, the argument here is that the Western idea of the Rule of Law cannot be applied to the Nigerian system as the country has a unique and peculiar cultural, economic and political system. To this end, this paper provides several recommendations on achieving the true “Nigerian Rule of Law” in light of democratic global best practices aimed at achieving proper governance and sustainable development for the country.
Keywords: Rule of Law, Sustainable Development, Democracy, Nation-State, and Colonialism.
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International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 2019
The number of offenders imprisoned by the Federal Government and the Nigerian Army on terrorism a... more The number of offenders imprisoned by the Federal Government and the Nigerian Army on terrorism and extremism charges is a critical factor in determining the need of rehabilitation and reintegration programs in Nigeria. Apart from the fear of extreme ideologies even within the prison system, there is also the probability for radicalized prisoners to return to extremism in the wake of being discharged. This paper thus, identifies various issues that policymakers will probably confront when creating rehabilitation and reintegration (R&R) programs for extremist offenders, and will examine how these issues should be addressed in Nigeria, which can be implemented across Sub-Saharan Africa and beyond.
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The approach to Countering violent extremism (CVE) through education is reflective of a more exte... more The approach to Countering violent extremism (CVE) through education is reflective of a more extensive global move toward countering extremism, and endeavors to address the environment conducive for extremists to spread their belief systems and recruit supporters. Education can be manipulated and exploited by groups to justify their ideology and radicalize youths. Education can also play a role in de-radicalizing youths and progressively, governments in conflict-affected States are keen on financing measures that counter violent extremism as a major aspect of education programs. However, the term “violent extremism” comes up short on an explicit definition thus presenting a major challenge for researchers. Besides, there is minimal proof to exhibit the viability of CVE programs that work reliably and crosswise over various settings, as the underlying drivers of violent extremism are inadequately comprehended. The paper will therefore attempt to comprehend what is implied by 'violent extremism' in its present context. It will provide the development of the reasoning behind the main drivers of Violent Extremism in the course of the recent decade and, depict the kinds of education mediations that are supported as a feature of its endeavors to avert Violent Extremism. The paper will likewise inspect accessible proof from assessments of CVE programs that have been done to more readily comprehend the effects such projects have had.
Keywords: Conflict, Education, Radicalization, Violent Extremism(VE).
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Current debates on why Africa's underdevelopment still persists have suggested many explanations.... more Current debates on why Africa's underdevelopment still persists have suggested many explanations. In fact, there is no shortage of theories to explain why Africa has lagged behind at the global level. For the purpose of comparison, three schools of taught will be used to help in understanding how Africa's political institutions were at independence. First, Rodney (1972) dependency theories will herein be referred to as the first school of thought arguing unequal opportunities in world capitalist's economy. African scholars, apologists and citizens very much subscribe to this claim. African socialism they argue was in place before the advent of colonialism which dashed the hopes of indigenous development. This theory is critical of the effects of colonialism destroying economic and social development as Rodney (1972) dependency model suggests. Although it contains weighted evidence, the theory is faulted in practice as African societies cannot prove effectual political organisation or the emergence of industrialisation beyond their marked based systems. The assumption then that Africa's communal structures would have evolved into full state structures is questionable looking at the collapse of some empires even before colonialism.
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It pays in all senses to consider humanitarian crises as contemporary security threats. Human sec... more It pays in all senses to consider humanitarian crises as contemporary security threats. Human security rethinks beyond classical understanding as non-war, expanding to address both intra and interstate causes of conflicts such as hunger, disease, crime, repression and personal crisis usually caused by decades of war especially in worst hit areas like sub-Saharan Africa. This paper argues that it is not only appropriate, but timely to designate international aid and humanitarianism as legitimate security concerns. To achieve coherence, this paper adopts the critical theory as its theoretical approach in analysing insecurity and methodologically associating it with the concept of human security. The basis of the argument is that human security is indeed as relevant as the threats of war in centralising the meaning of security as insecurity no longer denotes a state centric phenomenon of war because it as well represents any threat to human existence.
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Public diplomacy involves political action, not just persuasive words because nations are in a st... more Public diplomacy involves political action, not just persuasive words because nations are in a struggle to compete for global attention. Promoting positive views of a country is not new, but the conditions for projecting these values, cultures and policies have significantly changed. A country may try to achieve its foreign policy objectives by making others admire its values and possibly inspire to follow such examples. This remains core to much of the theoretical and practical application of what public diplomacy means.
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This paper examines the possibility of limiting the role of the government in countering terroris... more This paper examines the possibility of limiting the role of the government in countering terrorism and how the civil society can be strengthened in countering terrorism. This paper presents the argument that the civil society plays a crucial role in preventing and countering terrorism in several ways- by working on development programs that will be useful to members of the society, by educating the society through their work on conflict resolution, by providing a platform where issues and grievances can be discussed through a well-facilitated dialogue and empowering survivors of terrorism. This paper identifies that within the last decade, both governmental and non-governmental organizations as well as the civil society have had coordinated activities on the issue of terrorism. However, there is still a question that is yet to be answered on whether the implementation and the drafting of these policies will be potentially effective. This paper acts as a yardstick to measure the effectiveness of the policies that have been implemented thus far and the next steps to take. This paper concludes with several policy recommendations that the researcher deems necessary for world governments’ to implement.
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This research aims at identifying the root causes of political crisis in Nigeria and black gold (... more This research aims at identifying the root causes of political crisis in Nigeria and black gold (oil) being the underlying factor for this crises. The focus is on the Niger Delta and its festering crisis which stems from the regions critical importance to Nigeria. Over the years, the Niger Delta region has had the highest risk of political unrest, simply because the region is rich in terms of oil and gas productions in Nigeria. As the nation’s treasure base, the Niger Delta provides over 80% of government revenues, and 90% of foreign exchange earnings. Also, the bulk of Nigeria’s bio-diversity and some of her best human resources are derived from the Niger Delta. This research recognizes the fact that there have been earlier proffered solutions to the crisis in the region, hence, it aims at recognizing other causes of the crisis that have not been properly addressed. Also, this research, most importantly will refer to some prior solutions that would gradually help in addressing and proffering solutions to the crises in the Niger Delta region.
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This paper seeks to examine the concept of Military Industrial Complex as a critical factor in th... more This paper seeks to examine the concept of Military Industrial Complex as a critical factor in the promotion of national security in Nigeria. It examines the experiences of the BRIC Nations of Brazil, India and South Africa to demonstrate the models other countries have adopted in the development of indigenous defence industries which are critical for fostering Military Industrial Complex (MIC). Thus, the existence of a viable MIC and robust manufacturing industries increases the capacity of states in readiness towards curbing threats leveled within or outside its territorial boundary. This paper argues that the weak manufacturing base of Nigeria significantly contributes to its failed efforts at evolving a strong and robust military industrial complex. Therefore, it is pertinent for Nigeria’s capacity and readiness to respond to security challenges to be enhanced quickly with the development of a strong military industrial complex.
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Conflict is a part of life, but when turned violent, it can be like a handshake that extends beyo... more Conflict is a part of life, but when turned violent, it can be like a handshake that extends beyond the elbow which can no longer be tolerated. In a similar understanding, the internationalization of the Congo conflict is very complex due to the various involvements of states. However, in accomplishing the objective of this research, the problem that led to this conflict and made this study possible was the spillover effects from the conflict. There were issues arising from internal and external countries and actors taking sides, and also the involvement of organizations on regional continental and global levels. My findings however included the use of proxies in the DR Congo conflict, which served as part of the factors that played out mostly by external states sponsoring rebel groups to help fight in Congo, and the exploitation of the resources of DRC through transnational networks was an intricate system of political economic and socio-cultural forces. My recommendation for the issues brought out by this study was that there should be a development in the defense base of the Congo, there should be an improvement in one of the arms of government so that in the long run, it would enhance their balance of power system, and make it possible for them to check each other for more effective administration, States should provide basic amenities for the citizens, in other to avoid divided loyalty, in situations of intervention, proper agreements should be laid out in other to avoid an infringement, and the democratic system of government should be encouraged, because when the democratic peace theory is applied states would engage each other on the basis of war.
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Nigeria has been referred to as one of the most secure countries in Africa with its military migh... more Nigeria has been referred to as one of the most secure countries in Africa with its military might spread into several areas of the West African region in order to bring peace and stability to the continent. However, of recent, the country has metamorphosed into the abode of terrorism by the much despised terrorist group –the Boko Haram which has aided in the destabilization of the nation’s political and socio-economic capacity by engaging in acts of wanton destruction, bombings, kidnappings etc., hence, the result of these acts ending in the loss of lives, an increased budget spending on security and the destruction of government facilities which in turn portend devastating consequences for the stable economic development of the country. With this in mind, this paper seeks to engage the use of information and communications technology (ICT) as a major factor that will bring the Boko Haram group to its total end and hence develop the national security sector against future threats which will have far-reaching consequences on the security of Nigeria, the West-African region and the African continent as a whole. This paper proffers tripartite strategies for the security officials within the military, the policy makers and the citizenry.
Keywords: National Security, Information and Communications Technology, Economic Development
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Globalization has become the phenomenon that has often been referred to as the defining process o... more Globalization has become the phenomenon that has often been referred to as the defining process of the present age. While the opportunities and benefits of this process have been stressed by its proponents and supporters, there has been an increase in the disillusionment about the whole process. The reasons for the changing perceptions and attitudes towards globalization are the lack of tangible benefits to the underdeveloped and the developing nations from opening up their economies, despite the well-publicized wealth and opportunities that have come up as a result of the globalization process and the perception that cultural, environmental, political and social problems have been worsened by globalization. This paper seeks to popularize the Strengths; Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) of the whole process.
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Books by Israel Adoba
Book Reviews by Israel Adoba
Essays by Israel Adoba
Papers by Israel Adoba
Keywords: Rule of Law, Sustainable Development, Democracy, Nation-State, and Colonialism.
Keywords: Conflict, Education, Radicalization, Violent Extremism(VE).
Keywords: National Security, Information and Communications Technology, Economic Development
Keywords: Rule of Law, Sustainable Development, Democracy, Nation-State, and Colonialism.
Keywords: Conflict, Education, Radicalization, Violent Extremism(VE).
Keywords: National Security, Information and Communications Technology, Economic Development
Keywords: Terrorism, National Development, National Security, Dilemma, Underdevelopment, Political Instability
Keywords: Terrorism, Negativism, Political Intrigues, Instability and Insurgency.
Key Words: MEND, Hostage Taking, Multinational Oil Companies, Frustration-Aggression Theory, Political Marginalization, Oil Bunkering, Pipeline Vandalism