Abstract: Deep-learning (DL) is a new paradigm in the artificial intelligence field associated with learning structures able to connect directly numeric data with high-level patterns or categories. DL seems to be a suitable technique to deal with computationally challenging Brain Computer Interface (BCI) problems. Following DL strategy, a new modular and self-organized architecture to solve BCI problems is proposed. A pattern recognition system to translate the measured signals in order to establish categories representing thoughts, without previous pre-processing, is developed. To achieve an easy interpretability of the system internal functioning, a neuro-fuzzy module and a learning methodology are carried out. The…whole learning process is based on machine learning. The architecture and the learning method are tested on a representative BCI application to detect and classify motor imagery thoughts. Data is gathered with a low-cost device. Results prove the efficiency and adaptability of the proposed DL architecture where the used classification module (S-dFasArt) exhibits a better behaviour compared with the usual classifiers. Additionally, it employs neuro-fuzzy modules which allow to offer results in a rules format. This improves the interpretability with respect to the black-box description. A DL architecture, going from the raw data to the labels, is proposed. The proposed architecture, based on Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) and Fuzzy ART modules, performs data processing in a self-organized way. It follows the DL paradigm, but at the same time, it allows an interpretation of the operation stages. Therefore this approach could be called Transparent Deep Learning.
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Keywords: Transparent deep learning, brain computer interface, neuro-fuzzy modular architecture, s-dFasArt, motor imagery
Abstract: Fuzzy ART and Fuzzy ARTMAP models arise from the synergy between the Fuzzy Set Theory and the Adaptive Resonance paradigm (ART). In this work, the performance of these models and the use of Fuzzy ARTMAP for function approximation are studied. In a first analysis, a relationship between the model parameters and the features of the generated categories is established. In the second part, the connection between these categories and the capacity of prediction of the model is analytically described. Joining these two studies, the link between the parameters and the prediction error of the model is found, in the form…of bounds for the prediction error depending on the model parameters and the characteristics of the data used in the learning. These results provide a quantitative description of the parameter influence on the architecture behavior, opening the use of Fuzzy ARTMAP as a model for the unknown dynamic system identification from input/output data. To illustrate the theoretical developments, several experiments have been carried out using different kinds of functions, which show the accuracy of the proposed bounds.
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Keywords: Adaptive resonance theory, fuzzy ARTMAP, function identification, neuro-fuzzy