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Czech J. Food Sci., 2024, 42(3):192-206 | DOI: 10.17221/39/2024-CJFS

Harnessing nature's secrets: Silver nanoparticles from Withania coagulans fruit and root extracts unveil exceptional antioxidant and antimicrobial propertiesOriginal Paper

Farwa Iftikhar1, Rahmatullah Qureshi1, Ayesha Siddiqa1, Khursid Anwar1, Fizza Arshad1, Zia-ur-Rehman Mashwani1, Aayesha Riaz2, Safir Ullah Khan3, Amir Ali1, Shahzad Iqbal4, Ajaz Ahmad5, Melissa Danae Bejarano Gómez6
1 Department of Botany, Phir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
2 Department of Parasitology and Microbiology, Phir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
3 Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
4 Faculty of Applied Energy System, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
5 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
6 National School of Medicine and Homeopathy (ENMyH), National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico

Nanotechnology, an emerging field, holds significant promise with applications across diverse sectors, including medicine, agriculture, and the biological sciences. To address environmental concerns, the green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extracts is favoured. This study focuses on the formulation and characterisation of AgNPs using extracts from Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal, a medicinal plant that holds a unique phytochemical profile. The AgNPs derived from W. coagulans root (WcAgNPR) and fruit (WcAgNPF) extracts were characterised using ultraviolet and visible light (UV-Vis) spectral analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy. The findings reveal that both WcAgNPR and WcAgNPF exhibit substantial antioxidant potential, with robust iron reducing capabilities and potent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. Additionally, they demonstrate strong hydrogen peroxide scavenging abilities. Notably, WcAgNPR outperforms WcAgNPF in the phosphomolybdate assay for antioxidant potential. Both AgNPs display remarkable antimicrobial efficacy, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) below 10 µg·mL–1 against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and noteworthy activity against gram-negative Escherichia coli (WcAgNPF with a MIC of 30 µg·mL–1 and WcAgNPR with a MIC of 60 µg·mL–1). These findings highlight the silver nanoparticles' significant antioxidant and antimicrobial potential, suggesting their potential for in vivo use as antimicrobial agents with minimal oxidative damage.

Keywords: W. coagulans; nanotechnology; antibacterial; antioxidative

Received: March 1, 2024; Revised: May 15, 2024; Accepted: May 24, 2024; Prepublished online: June 18, 2024; Published: June 27, 2024  Show citation

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Iftikhar F, Qureshi R, Siddiqa A, Anwar K, Arshad F, Mashwani Z, et al.. Harnessing nature's secrets: Silver nanoparticles from Withania coagulans fruit and root extracts unveil exceptional antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Czech J. Food Sci.. 2024;42(3):192-206. doi: 10.17221/39/2024-CJFS.
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