In this paper we examined the impact of the quality of teacher-student relationships at age 10 on... more In this paper we examined the impact of the quality of teacher-student relationships at age 10 on young people’s delinquency at ages 13, 15, and 17 utilizing propensity-score matching. The young people were matched based on 105 characteristics, measured at ages 7 to 10. The sample comprised 1483 (49.4% female) adolescents representing around 80 different countries of origin, residing in Zurich, Switzerland. We found that young people who reported a better relationship with their teacher at age 10, engaged in fewer delinquent acts at ages 13, 15, and 17. These findings suggest that when young people perceive a better relationship with their teachers this serves as a protective factor against their engagement in delinquency up to 7 years later.
BackgroundResearch into the transdiagnostic processes underlying multiple mental health problems ... more BackgroundResearch into the transdiagnostic processes underlying multiple mental health problems is promising for making clinical practice and interventions more effective and resource-efficient. In this protocol, we describe a systematic review and meta-analysis that will explore time perspective, defined as an individual’s relative investment of attention on past, present, and future, as a possible transdiagnostic factor that may contribute to issues across wide-ranging domains of mental health. MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted to quantify the associations between mental health issue and specific dimensions of time perspective (past, present, future), respectively. The review will include quantitatively measured associations between time perspective and psychological problems published in a peer-reviewed journal from 1st January 1990 up until 1st March 2021, in the English language. Electronic searches will be conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed, MEDL...
Developmental trajectories of common mental health issues such as ADHD, internalising problems, a... more Developmental trajectories of common mental health issues such as ADHD, internalising problems, and externalising problems can often be usefully summarised in terms of a small number of developmental subtypes and given the strong tendency for symptoms in these three domains to co-occur, it is useful to consider developmental subtypes jointly defined by them. To provide information on the likely nature and intensity of support needs required for individuals showing different ADHD-internalising-externalising developmental subtypes, we here evaluated the relations between subtypes previously derived using group-based trajectory modelling in the z-proso study (n=1620 with trajectory data at ages 7,8,9,10,11,12,13,15) and adult outcomes. We found that individuals with multimorbid trajectories but not ‘pure’ internalising problem elevations have higher levels of social exclusion and delinquency at age 20. These associations held irrespective of the specific developmental course of symptom...
Both anxiety and aggression commonly co-occur with ADHD symptoms. Two competing hypotheses descri... more Both anxiety and aggression commonly co-occur with ADHD symptoms. Two competing hypotheses describing the role of anxiety in aggression associated with ADHD symptoms have previously been advanced. The exacerbation hypothesis proposes that the presence of anxiety increases the risk of aggression in the context of ADHD symptoms. The attenuation hypothesis proposes that the presence of anxiety protects against aggression in the context of ADHD symptoms. We tested these hypotheses using moderated cross-lagged panel models in the Zurich project on social development from childhood to adulthood (z-proso) sample using both self-report (3 waves) and informant-report (8 waves) data spanning ages 7-17. We found evidence that anxiety protects against both reactive and proactive aggression; however, the effect was direct: there was no evidence for anxiety moderating the strength of ADHD symptom-aggression links. Results suggest that anxiety likely plays an important role in inhibiting aggressio...
Public perception, fueled not only by popular and news media but also by expert claims that psych... more Public perception, fueled not only by popular and news media but also by expert claims that psychopaths are archetypes of evil: incorrigible, remorseless, cold-blooded criminals, whose crimes manifest in the most extreme levels of violence. But is there empirical evidence that psychopaths truly are what they are portrayed to be? If so, should the law respond, and adjust its treatment of psychopaths in court - permitting psychopathy to be admitted under an insanity defense and/or resulting in mitigation? In this paper, we demonstrate that fundamental questions from the law to science remain unanswered and must be addressed before any alternative treatment of psychopathy can be considered. As it stands, psychopaths cannot be reliably defined or diagnosed and, as we will demonstrate, even the presumed link with criminal dangerousness is problematic. We conclude that the current legal approach should not be modified, however, if preliminary findings regarding impairments in impulsivity/...
Whether or not importance should be placed on an all-encompassing general factor of psychopatholo... more Whether or not importance should be placed on an all-encompassing general factor of psychopathology (or p factor) in classifying, researching, diagnosing, and treating psychiatric disorders depends (among other issues) on the extent to which comorbidity is symptom-general rather than staying largely within the confines of narrower transdiagnostic factors such as internalizing and externalizing. In this study, we compared three methods of estimating p factor strength. We compared omega hierarchical and explained common variance calculated from confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) bifactor models with maximum likelihood (ML) estimation, from exploratory structural equation modeling/exploratory factor analysis models with a bifactor rotation, and from Bayesian structural equation modeling (BSEM) bifactor models. Our simulation results suggested that BSEM with small variance priors on secondary loadings might be the preferred option. However, CFA with ML also performed well provided secon...
Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence, Jan 30, 2017
In this study, we aimed to characterize developmental patterns of poly-victimization in a normati... more In this study, we aimed to characterize developmental patterns of poly-victimization in a normative sample of adolescents by applying longitudinal latent class analysis. Using the four most recent waves of data from the Zurich Project on the Social Development of Children and Youths (z-proso), we identified three classes, or separate groups, of youths with distinct patterns of victimization from age 11 to 17. The largest class represented young people who were least likely to be victimized in any way and at any time. The two smaller groups represented different types of poly-victimization-a non-parental and a long-term parental victimization group. Adolescents in the two groups differed both in the number as well as type of victimization that they experienced at different times. Moreover, class membership also had implications for different mental health outcomes.
Measurement invariance over time (longitudinal invariance) is a core but seldom-tested assumption... more Measurement invariance over time (longitudinal invariance) is a core but seldom-tested assumption of many longitudinal studies on adolescent psychosocial development. In this study, we evaluated the longitudinal invariance of a brief measure of adolescent mental health: the Social Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ). The SBQ was administered to participants of the Zurich Project on the Social Development of Children and Youths in up to four waves spanning ages 11 to 17. Using a confirmatory factor analysis approach, metric invariance held for all constructs, but there were some violations of scalar and strict invariance. Overall, intercepts tended to increase over time while residual variances decreased. This suggests that participants may become more willing or able to identify and report on certain behaviors over time. The noninvariance was not practically significant in magnitude, except for the Anxiety dimension where artifactual increases over development would be liable to occur if i...
Substantial individual variation exists in the age of onset and course of ADHD symptoms over deve... more Substantial individual variation exists in the age of onset and course of ADHD symptoms over development. We evaluated whether, within this variation, meaningful developmental subtypes can be defined. Using growth mixture modeling in a community-based sample ( N = 1,571), we analyzed ADHD symptom trajectories based on measures taken at ages 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, and 15 years. We evaluated whether those showing developmental trajectories characterized by later onsets versus early onsets differed in terms of mental health and behavioral outcomes in late adolescence (age 17 years). The late onset category was best conceptualized as a milder subtype than early onset. The former was, however, more similar in outcomes to the latter than to the unaffected category, suggesting that later onsets are still associated with impairment. Considering diagnoses for those affected by ADHD symptoms but who do not meet current age of onset criteria may be important for ensuring that they receive approp...
Previous research suggests a link between the quality of teacher-student relationships and the st... more Previous research suggests a link between the quality of teacher-student relationships and the students' behavioral outcomes; however, the observational nature of past studies makes it difficult to attribute a causal role to the quality of these relationships. In the current study, therefore, we used a propensity score analysis approach to evaluate whether students who were matched on their propensity to experience a given level of relationship quality but differed on their actual relationship quality diverged on their concurrent and subsequent problem and prosocial behavior. Student/self, teacher, and parent- (only waves 1-3) reported data from 8 waves of the Zurich Project on the Social Development of Children and Youths (z-proso), a longitudinal study of Swiss youth among a culturally diverse sample of 7- to 15-year-olds were utilized. The initial sample included 1483 (49.4 % female) students for whom information relevant for this study was available. The sample represented f...
... edu MA Russell University of California, Irvine, CA, USA e-mail: marussel@ uci. edu I. Obsuth... more ... edu MA Russell University of California, Irvine, CA, USA e-mail: marussel@ uci. edu I. Obsuth•GK Watson Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada e-mail: ivobsuth@ sfu. ca; gkw4@ sfu. ... 2004; Karnik et al. 2009; Lederman et al. 2004; McCabe et al. 2002; Teplin et al. ...
Mechanisms that account for treatment effects are poorly understood. The current study examined p... more Mechanisms that account for treatment effects are poorly understood. The current study examined processes that may underlie treatment outcomes of an attachment-based intervention (Connect) for parents of pre-teens and teens with serious behavior problems. Parents (N = 540) in a non-randomized trial reported on their teen's functioning prior to and following treatment. Results confirmed significant decreases in parents' reports of teens' externalizing and internalizing symptoms, replicating prior evaluations of this program. Reductions in parents' reports of teen attachment avoidance were associated with decreases in externalizing symptoms, while reductions in parents' reports of teen attachment anxiety were associated with decreases in internalizing symptoms. Parents' reports of improved teen affect regulation were also associated with decreases in both internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Results were comparable across gender and for parents of teens wi...
Dieser Bericht bietet einen Überblick über die wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse zur Gewaltpräventi... more Dieser Bericht bietet einen Überblick über die wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse zur Gewaltprävention auf internationaler Ebene. Dabei wurde eine breite Definition von Gewalt angewendet, die sowohl rechtlich strafbare wie nicht strafbare und (frühe) Risikofaktoren für Gewalt beinhaltet. Der Bericht stützt einerseits auf einer Darstellung von internationalen Übersichtsstudien zur Wirksamkeit von Gewaltprävention und anderseits auf einer Recherche zur aktuellen Angebotsstruktur und Evaluationen in der Schweiz. Insgesamt wurden 26 Präventionsansätze in den Bereichen Individuum, Familie, Schule und Opferhilfe identifiziert, deren Wirksamkeit durch internationale Forschungsergebnisse untermauert wird. Jedes Kapitel vermittelt Praktikerinnen und Praktikern sowie Entscheidungsträgerinnen und -trägern einen Eindruck von den Zielen, den Programmmerkmalen und der Wirksamkeit der Ansätze. Zudem wird eine Übersicht über die schweizerische Praxis gegeben und es werden Schlussfolgerungen und Empfehlungen für mögliche weiterführende Strategien und Forschung formuliert. Obwohl in den letzten Jahren in der Schweiz erhebliche Fortschritte im Bereich Gewaltprävention erzielt wurden, ist die Wissensbasis immer noch zu dünn um eindeutige Empfehlungen zu wirksamen Programmen in der Schweiz abzugeben. Die meisten in der Schweiz angebotenen Programme wurden nicht hinsichtlich ihrer Wirksamkeit wissenschaftlich evaluiert. Der vorliegende Bericht soll die begonnene Dynamik hin zu mehr erkenntnisbasierter Gewaltprävention weiter stärken und stellt ein vorläufiger Kompass für die Präventionsarbeit dar.
In this paper we examined the impact of the quality of teacher-student relationships at age 10 on... more In this paper we examined the impact of the quality of teacher-student relationships at age 10 on young people’s delinquency at ages 13, 15, and 17 utilizing propensity-score matching. The young people were matched based on 105 characteristics, measured at ages 7 to 10. The sample comprised 1483 (49.4% female) adolescents representing around 80 different countries of origin, residing in Zurich, Switzerland. We found that young people who reported a better relationship with their teacher at age 10, engaged in fewer delinquent acts at ages 13, 15, and 17. These findings suggest that when young people perceive a better relationship with their teachers this serves as a protective factor against their engagement in delinquency up to 7 years later.
BackgroundResearch into the transdiagnostic processes underlying multiple mental health problems ... more BackgroundResearch into the transdiagnostic processes underlying multiple mental health problems is promising for making clinical practice and interventions more effective and resource-efficient. In this protocol, we describe a systematic review and meta-analysis that will explore time perspective, defined as an individual’s relative investment of attention on past, present, and future, as a possible transdiagnostic factor that may contribute to issues across wide-ranging domains of mental health. MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted to quantify the associations between mental health issue and specific dimensions of time perspective (past, present, future), respectively. The review will include quantitatively measured associations between time perspective and psychological problems published in a peer-reviewed journal from 1st January 1990 up until 1st March 2021, in the English language. Electronic searches will be conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed, MEDL...
Developmental trajectories of common mental health issues such as ADHD, internalising problems, a... more Developmental trajectories of common mental health issues such as ADHD, internalising problems, and externalising problems can often be usefully summarised in terms of a small number of developmental subtypes and given the strong tendency for symptoms in these three domains to co-occur, it is useful to consider developmental subtypes jointly defined by them. To provide information on the likely nature and intensity of support needs required for individuals showing different ADHD-internalising-externalising developmental subtypes, we here evaluated the relations between subtypes previously derived using group-based trajectory modelling in the z-proso study (n=1620 with trajectory data at ages 7,8,9,10,11,12,13,15) and adult outcomes. We found that individuals with multimorbid trajectories but not ‘pure’ internalising problem elevations have higher levels of social exclusion and delinquency at age 20. These associations held irrespective of the specific developmental course of symptom...
Both anxiety and aggression commonly co-occur with ADHD symptoms. Two competing hypotheses descri... more Both anxiety and aggression commonly co-occur with ADHD symptoms. Two competing hypotheses describing the role of anxiety in aggression associated with ADHD symptoms have previously been advanced. The exacerbation hypothesis proposes that the presence of anxiety increases the risk of aggression in the context of ADHD symptoms. The attenuation hypothesis proposes that the presence of anxiety protects against aggression in the context of ADHD symptoms. We tested these hypotheses using moderated cross-lagged panel models in the Zurich project on social development from childhood to adulthood (z-proso) sample using both self-report (3 waves) and informant-report (8 waves) data spanning ages 7-17. We found evidence that anxiety protects against both reactive and proactive aggression; however, the effect was direct: there was no evidence for anxiety moderating the strength of ADHD symptom-aggression links. Results suggest that anxiety likely plays an important role in inhibiting aggressio...
Public perception, fueled not only by popular and news media but also by expert claims that psych... more Public perception, fueled not only by popular and news media but also by expert claims that psychopaths are archetypes of evil: incorrigible, remorseless, cold-blooded criminals, whose crimes manifest in the most extreme levels of violence. But is there empirical evidence that psychopaths truly are what they are portrayed to be? If so, should the law respond, and adjust its treatment of psychopaths in court - permitting psychopathy to be admitted under an insanity defense and/or resulting in mitigation? In this paper, we demonstrate that fundamental questions from the law to science remain unanswered and must be addressed before any alternative treatment of psychopathy can be considered. As it stands, psychopaths cannot be reliably defined or diagnosed and, as we will demonstrate, even the presumed link with criminal dangerousness is problematic. We conclude that the current legal approach should not be modified, however, if preliminary findings regarding impairments in impulsivity/...
Whether or not importance should be placed on an all-encompassing general factor of psychopatholo... more Whether or not importance should be placed on an all-encompassing general factor of psychopathology (or p factor) in classifying, researching, diagnosing, and treating psychiatric disorders depends (among other issues) on the extent to which comorbidity is symptom-general rather than staying largely within the confines of narrower transdiagnostic factors such as internalizing and externalizing. In this study, we compared three methods of estimating p factor strength. We compared omega hierarchical and explained common variance calculated from confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) bifactor models with maximum likelihood (ML) estimation, from exploratory structural equation modeling/exploratory factor analysis models with a bifactor rotation, and from Bayesian structural equation modeling (BSEM) bifactor models. Our simulation results suggested that BSEM with small variance priors on secondary loadings might be the preferred option. However, CFA with ML also performed well provided secon...
Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence, Jan 30, 2017
In this study, we aimed to characterize developmental patterns of poly-victimization in a normati... more In this study, we aimed to characterize developmental patterns of poly-victimization in a normative sample of adolescents by applying longitudinal latent class analysis. Using the four most recent waves of data from the Zurich Project on the Social Development of Children and Youths (z-proso), we identified three classes, or separate groups, of youths with distinct patterns of victimization from age 11 to 17. The largest class represented young people who were least likely to be victimized in any way and at any time. The two smaller groups represented different types of poly-victimization-a non-parental and a long-term parental victimization group. Adolescents in the two groups differed both in the number as well as type of victimization that they experienced at different times. Moreover, class membership also had implications for different mental health outcomes.
Measurement invariance over time (longitudinal invariance) is a core but seldom-tested assumption... more Measurement invariance over time (longitudinal invariance) is a core but seldom-tested assumption of many longitudinal studies on adolescent psychosocial development. In this study, we evaluated the longitudinal invariance of a brief measure of adolescent mental health: the Social Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ). The SBQ was administered to participants of the Zurich Project on the Social Development of Children and Youths in up to four waves spanning ages 11 to 17. Using a confirmatory factor analysis approach, metric invariance held for all constructs, but there were some violations of scalar and strict invariance. Overall, intercepts tended to increase over time while residual variances decreased. This suggests that participants may become more willing or able to identify and report on certain behaviors over time. The noninvariance was not practically significant in magnitude, except for the Anxiety dimension where artifactual increases over development would be liable to occur if i...
Substantial individual variation exists in the age of onset and course of ADHD symptoms over deve... more Substantial individual variation exists in the age of onset and course of ADHD symptoms over development. We evaluated whether, within this variation, meaningful developmental subtypes can be defined. Using growth mixture modeling in a community-based sample ( N = 1,571), we analyzed ADHD symptom trajectories based on measures taken at ages 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, and 15 years. We evaluated whether those showing developmental trajectories characterized by later onsets versus early onsets differed in terms of mental health and behavioral outcomes in late adolescence (age 17 years). The late onset category was best conceptualized as a milder subtype than early onset. The former was, however, more similar in outcomes to the latter than to the unaffected category, suggesting that later onsets are still associated with impairment. Considering diagnoses for those affected by ADHD symptoms but who do not meet current age of onset criteria may be important for ensuring that they receive approp...
Previous research suggests a link between the quality of teacher-student relationships and the st... more Previous research suggests a link between the quality of teacher-student relationships and the students' behavioral outcomes; however, the observational nature of past studies makes it difficult to attribute a causal role to the quality of these relationships. In the current study, therefore, we used a propensity score analysis approach to evaluate whether students who were matched on their propensity to experience a given level of relationship quality but differed on their actual relationship quality diverged on their concurrent and subsequent problem and prosocial behavior. Student/self, teacher, and parent- (only waves 1-3) reported data from 8 waves of the Zurich Project on the Social Development of Children and Youths (z-proso), a longitudinal study of Swiss youth among a culturally diverse sample of 7- to 15-year-olds were utilized. The initial sample included 1483 (49.4 % female) students for whom information relevant for this study was available. The sample represented f...
... edu MA Russell University of California, Irvine, CA, USA e-mail: marussel@ uci. edu I. Obsuth... more ... edu MA Russell University of California, Irvine, CA, USA e-mail: marussel@ uci. edu I. Obsuth•GK Watson Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada e-mail: ivobsuth@ sfu. ca; gkw4@ sfu. ... 2004; Karnik et al. 2009; Lederman et al. 2004; McCabe et al. 2002; Teplin et al. ...
Mechanisms that account for treatment effects are poorly understood. The current study examined p... more Mechanisms that account for treatment effects are poorly understood. The current study examined processes that may underlie treatment outcomes of an attachment-based intervention (Connect) for parents of pre-teens and teens with serious behavior problems. Parents (N = 540) in a non-randomized trial reported on their teen's functioning prior to and following treatment. Results confirmed significant decreases in parents' reports of teens' externalizing and internalizing symptoms, replicating prior evaluations of this program. Reductions in parents' reports of teen attachment avoidance were associated with decreases in externalizing symptoms, while reductions in parents' reports of teen attachment anxiety were associated with decreases in internalizing symptoms. Parents' reports of improved teen affect regulation were also associated with decreases in both internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Results were comparable across gender and for parents of teens wi...
Dieser Bericht bietet einen Überblick über die wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse zur Gewaltpräventi... more Dieser Bericht bietet einen Überblick über die wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse zur Gewaltprävention auf internationaler Ebene. Dabei wurde eine breite Definition von Gewalt angewendet, die sowohl rechtlich strafbare wie nicht strafbare und (frühe) Risikofaktoren für Gewalt beinhaltet. Der Bericht stützt einerseits auf einer Darstellung von internationalen Übersichtsstudien zur Wirksamkeit von Gewaltprävention und anderseits auf einer Recherche zur aktuellen Angebotsstruktur und Evaluationen in der Schweiz. Insgesamt wurden 26 Präventionsansätze in den Bereichen Individuum, Familie, Schule und Opferhilfe identifiziert, deren Wirksamkeit durch internationale Forschungsergebnisse untermauert wird. Jedes Kapitel vermittelt Praktikerinnen und Praktikern sowie Entscheidungsträgerinnen und -trägern einen Eindruck von den Zielen, den Programmmerkmalen und der Wirksamkeit der Ansätze. Zudem wird eine Übersicht über die schweizerische Praxis gegeben und es werden Schlussfolgerungen und Empfehlungen für mögliche weiterführende Strategien und Forschung formuliert. Obwohl in den letzten Jahren in der Schweiz erhebliche Fortschritte im Bereich Gewaltprävention erzielt wurden, ist die Wissensbasis immer noch zu dünn um eindeutige Empfehlungen zu wirksamen Programmen in der Schweiz abzugeben. Die meisten in der Schweiz angebotenen Programme wurden nicht hinsichtlich ihrer Wirksamkeit wissenschaftlich evaluiert. Der vorliegende Bericht soll die begonnene Dynamik hin zu mehr erkenntnisbasierter Gewaltprävention weiter stärken und stellt ein vorläufiger Kompass für die Präventionsarbeit dar.
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Papers by Ingrid Obsuth
wie nicht strafbare und (frühe) Risikofaktoren für Gewalt beinhaltet. Der Bericht stützt einerseits auf einer Darstellung von internationalen Übersichtsstudien zur Wirksamkeit von Gewaltprävention und anderseits auf einer Recherche zur aktuellen Angebotsstruktur und Evaluationen in der
Schweiz. Insgesamt wurden 26 Präventionsansätze in den Bereichen Individuum, Familie, Schule und Opferhilfe identifiziert, deren Wirksamkeit durch internationale Forschungsergebnisse untermauert wird. Jedes Kapitel
vermittelt Praktikerinnen und Praktikern sowie Entscheidungsträgerinnen und -trägern einen Eindruck von den Zielen, den Programmmerkmalen und der Wirksamkeit der Ansätze. Zudem wird eine Übersicht über die schweizerische Praxis gegeben und es werden Schlussfolgerungen und Empfehlungen für mögliche weiterführende Strategien und Forschung formuliert.
Obwohl in den letzten Jahren in der Schweiz erhebliche Fortschritte im Bereich Gewaltprävention erzielt wurden, ist die Wissensbasis immer noch zu dünn um eindeutige Empfehlungen zu wirksamen Programmen in der
Schweiz abzugeben. Die meisten in der Schweiz angebotenen Programme wurden nicht hinsichtlich ihrer Wirksamkeit wissenschaftlich evaluiert. Der vorliegende
Bericht soll die begonnene Dynamik hin zu mehr erkenntnisbasierter Gewaltprävention weiter stärken und stellt ein vorläufiger Kompass für die Präventionsarbeit dar.
wie nicht strafbare und (frühe) Risikofaktoren für Gewalt beinhaltet. Der Bericht stützt einerseits auf einer Darstellung von internationalen Übersichtsstudien zur Wirksamkeit von Gewaltprävention und anderseits auf einer Recherche zur aktuellen Angebotsstruktur und Evaluationen in der
Schweiz. Insgesamt wurden 26 Präventionsansätze in den Bereichen Individuum, Familie, Schule und Opferhilfe identifiziert, deren Wirksamkeit durch internationale Forschungsergebnisse untermauert wird. Jedes Kapitel
vermittelt Praktikerinnen und Praktikern sowie Entscheidungsträgerinnen und -trägern einen Eindruck von den Zielen, den Programmmerkmalen und der Wirksamkeit der Ansätze. Zudem wird eine Übersicht über die schweizerische Praxis gegeben und es werden Schlussfolgerungen und Empfehlungen für mögliche weiterführende Strategien und Forschung formuliert.
Obwohl in den letzten Jahren in der Schweiz erhebliche Fortschritte im Bereich Gewaltprävention erzielt wurden, ist die Wissensbasis immer noch zu dünn um eindeutige Empfehlungen zu wirksamen Programmen in der
Schweiz abzugeben. Die meisten in der Schweiz angebotenen Programme wurden nicht hinsichtlich ihrer Wirksamkeit wissenschaftlich evaluiert. Der vorliegende
Bericht soll die begonnene Dynamik hin zu mehr erkenntnisbasierter Gewaltprävention weiter stärken und stellt ein vorläufiger Kompass für die Präventionsarbeit dar.