Jiayao Jiang
Jiayao Jiang is an architect from China. She has an MA in Architectural Conservation from Sapienza University in Rome (Italy) and a MA in Architecture Design and Theory from Nanjing University (China). As members of ICOMOS-China, she has implemented several restoration projects, and had practical experience in multiple institutions, such as the Palace Museum in Beijing, Bibliotheca Hertziana-Max Planck Institute in Rome, ICCROM (International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property) and UNESCO. Her research interests cover Historical Urban Landscape, urban morphology, conservation theories and urban regeneration.
less
InterestsView All (6)
Uploads
Papers
Among these works, we highlight the systematization of the routes that would form the trivium of Piazza del Popolo (Via di Ripetta, Via del Corso and Via del Babuino), one of the city’s oldest entrances from Via Flaminia. Nevertheless, it would be at the expense of Sixtus V’s plan, made by Fontana, that the space would acquire greater relevance. In 1589, Fontana transferred an Egyptian obelisk at the meeting point of the extension of the road’s axis. In the following century, the Church of Santa Maria di Montesanto and the Church of Santa Maria dei Miracoli were added to the piazza, initially designed by Carlo Rainaldi, using baroque scenographic devices to monumentalize the area. The renovation of Piazza del Popolo had a symbolic meaning in the Baroque Rome. When accessing the piazza through Porta del Popolo, its trapezoidal shape - marked by the obelisk - would direct the eye to the three roads which accesses were marked by the two new churches. However, this site was immensely transformed in the nineteenth century, when the architect Giuseppe Valadier proposed a new systematization for the piazza, which acquired an oval shape that had a strong impact on Rome’s urban form.
The piazza lost its movement in depth with Valadier’s intervention, that is criticized by many authors for its supposed lack of commitment to its Baroque character. This article aims to analyze Giuseppe Valadier’s project, with the discussion of its landscape reorganization, the transformation of its urban form and surrounding buildings, as well as the perceptive implications of the geometry and its connections with the Pincio hill. It also compares Valadier’s project for Piazza del Popolo with Bernini’s project for Piazza San Pietro in Rome, which has the same oval shape but out of very different design intentions.
Conference Presentations
There are huge gaps between the intent of international policies and the realities of local contexts. Globalization might perpetuate extreme forms of sameness and fundamentalism. As Herb Stovel (2008) questioned, is there a possibility of defining a universal principle based on the core values of conservation practice, while avoiding the fragmentation of cultural values and the denial of non-central, incongruent communities?
This essay will analyse several Asian cases with a focus on Chinese context. It will illustrate how Chinese regulations for safeguarding heritage have been influenced by the Venice Charter and how the understanding of Chinese traditions can contribute to the Charter’s response to contemporary challenges. Existed documents like the China Principles (2000), Shanghai Charter (2002), and Xi'an Declaration (2005) represent adaptations in community-centric, spiritually-aware, intangible-focused, and relative
authenticity-driven ideas. Unlike the cult of material-based authenticity, or the
uniqueness of works of art in the Western world, heritage in China places a greater emphasis on immaterial components. Function and spirit are prioritized in preference to physical objects. Conservation in China frequently leads to common practices of transformation, to renew and even to reconstruct. As the Nara Document on Authenticity (1994) has cautiously opened the way to a culture-based appreciation of conservation values and expanded the definition of “authenticity”, a deeper understanding of Chinese perceptions on heritage may lead to new inspirations for international principles.
Using an urban morphology approach, this study reveals the complexity of the transformation of the city along its borders. From being a crucial point of access, the Porta Maggiore was transformed into a defensive area that was barricaded and inhabited in the Middle Ages, and then became a central traffic junction in the 20th century. Today, the former city boundary is located within the expanded city, making it an isolated symbol of the past.
The aim of the research is to demonstrate that the rich material evidence can be a source of confusion in the legibility and interpretation of the heritage, and that there is a discontinuity in the urban memory. The transformation of the built environment is a reflection of the diverse social interactions, encompassing politics, religion and secular life, in the vicinity of the city wall. The research also raises questions for the current situation: What is the right approach to the demonstration of such rich stratification and materiality? What role do these large structures play when they have already lost their function and context? The materiality of this site offers a rich multilayered history, but at the same time, it poses challenges to heritage interpretation and management.
Preventive conservation refers to the measures and actions taken to mitigate potential damage and deterioration to cultural heritage, which involves a proactive approach that aims to prevent or minimize future deterioration, rather than relying solely on reactive interventions. A key component of preventive conservation is the conservation plan, which is an operational tool that guides the implementation of effective maintenance. It encompasses elements such as time and resources management, policies, technical guidance and reports, assignments, monitoring, and assessments. These procedures highly depend on a method of documentation that can ensure the viability, efficiency, and continuity of the conservation plan. In the context of new construction, the concept of 7D Building Information Modeling (BIM) has emerged for Facility Management, which comprises the 3D model, time schedule, cost intelligence, and sustainability. Builders and project managers employ 7D BIM in the maintenance and operation of a building throughout its entire life cycle. Given that the field of HBIM is still in its early stages and currently lacks specialized tools for conservation plans, this paper aims to elucidate the potential adaptation of 7D BIM to 7D HBIM. The change of perspective towards this digital system holds promise for improving the effectiveness of conservation efforts among diverse stakeholders and ensuring the long- term preservation of cultural heritage.
This paper presents a case study of Porta Maggiore in Rome, initially constructed as a triumphal arch from the imperial period, which is a monumentalization of two aqueduct channels’ arcades. Subsequently, it was incorporated into the Aurelian Walls, serving as an important gate to the city. Over time, this defensive structure and water ducts underwent various transformations, adding complexity to the creation of a comprehensive HBIM model. Based on photogrammetric surveys and point clouds, a 3D model was constructed on the HBIM platform, representing the current condition of the monument. The architectural components were classified in a manner to enable their use as a repository of the documentation produced by planned conservation. In other words, the semantic segmentation, categorization, and parametrization of the 3D elements were defined according to the management purpose. In addition, this model also facilitates the
CHNT28
Jiayao Jiang | China
Izadora Araujo Amara
identification of single elements or architectural systems selected by different properties, permitting information recording directly associated with required components (see Figure 1). Subsequently, a comprehensive conservation plan was formulated, encompassing technical sheets, guidelines, time schedules, and cost estimates. This plan was integrated into the HBIM platform with the aid of available Facility Management digital tools. The software employed ensures continuous updates of the plan by documenting every periodic inspection, maintenance procedure, or potential intervention in the database. Moreover, the digital platform allows for sharing of data and documents (drawings, documents, reports, photographs) among different actors. All the data produced by the conservation plan and the ongoing conservative activities are stored and become beneficial for future decisions, which avoids the fragmentation and discontinuity of information when conservation works involve multiple parties, that is often the case in the practical world. In this manner, the digital database serves a dual purpose: it not only stores records of specific interventions but also functions as a valuable resource for long-term sustainability, going beyond mere energy consumption.
This paper aims to explore the potential of HBIM as an innovative approach to managing built heritage and sharing information with building lifecycle operators. The significance of establishing criteria to evaluate the practical relevance of creating, processing, and storing 3D models and related data is emphasized. These criteria should not only focus on their application in 3D reconstruction or short-term restoration but also consider the long-term value of digitalizing cultural heritage as a means of implementing and improving preventive conservation measures. Furthermore, the purposeful utilization of 3D heritage data should serve as a valuable resource in anticipation of forthcoming societal changes. The adoption of 7D HBIM for planned conservation holds the potential to shift preservation practices by enabling data-driven renovation strategies, empowering conservation professionals to make informed decisions based on accurate and up-to-date information, and generating collaborative and sustainable management of cultural heritage.
The purpose of this session is to trigger discussions on how traditional knowledge can build up resilience in moments of crisis, considering its transmission to future generations and sharing of experiences beyond their specific cultural contexts.
Understanding traditional knowledge as an essential resource for communities across the globe to manage and mitigate a variety of local crises, this session invites papers to explore:
. The diversity of practices for the conservation of Cultural Heritage (both tangible and intangible) in specific contexts, and how such practices deal with local crises in different ways;
. The transmission of community-based experiences to future generations locally, as well as the sharing of strategies beyond cultural boundaries globally, considering how mutual learning among communities can enable the adaptation of local traditions and sow the seeds of resilience in a current globalized scenario;
. The different stakeholders and their role of building a collaborative system of knowledge sharing, taking into account conflicts of interest between international institutions, local authorities and communities. That imposes the questions: How can a broader participatory resilience-building process flourish? Who should be prioritized in a moment of crisis?
Nanjing University, also named Private University of Nanking in the early 20th century, was one of the most important Christian universities in China sponsored by American churches. The main building complex of Nanjing University was constructed during the 1910s to the 1920s. Before this period, the Western Christianity had no standardized practices on how to integrate traditional Chinese architectural features with western building technologies, and the selected "traditional Chinese architecture models” are divergent in different regions. However, from the design of Nanjing University onward, the practice of using northern official-style architecture as the model was almost established, which has special concern about the “Chinese curved roof” or the so called "big roof”. Based on the western perceptions of Chinese architecture and Chinese curved roof, the university buildings are imitations of the Chinese style, but followed the western technological thinking for the roof structure design.
This paper first discusses the paradigms of roof structure of Chinese traditional architecture, then compares it with the western building patterns of roof structure. Through detailed studies on historical drawings and old photographs, as well as on-site survey and three-dimensional models of the historical buildings in Nanjing University, this paper demonstrates how the western architects misunderstood the features of Chinese architecture and had wrong control for the curve of the roof. However, there are also some “positive misunderstandings”, which led to new tectonic designs and the development of modern Chinese construction industry system.
Thesis Chapters
University of Nanking retains rich historical information in its well-preserved historical buildings. Chinese roofs were once been regarded as the complete representation of Chinese architecture by westerners due to the limited cognition. The buildings in University of Nanking imitated just the exterior style of Chinese large roofs, while the interior roof structure used western modern structures. This dissertation first discusses the paradigm of traditional Chinese architecture, and then compares it with the roof practices of University of Nanking. By study of the historical drawings and old photographs of the historical buildings in University of Nanking, combining with the work of on-site surveying and three-dimensional modeling, reveals the misreading of Chinese traditional architecture by the Western architects.
Based on the study of historical documents, this dissertation reveals the design background and construction organization of Western architects. And then analyzes the cognitive sources and design references of Chinese architecture, trying to reveal the reasons for the misunderstanding. Among them, the design mode of operation and the process of construction are especially concerned. In fact, through the introduction of new materials and techniques, Western architects have promoted the development of modern Chinese architecture in the technical level through the interaction with Chinese craftsmen. This paper reveals the problems of construction level, cognition, materials and other aspects reflected by architectural technology.
How did modern China establish a modern nation with new identity on the basis of its long history and culture? The roof design in University of Nanking shows how cultural cognition and techniques influence each other, which also has great significance to today’s architectural practices.
The whole thesis contains about 42657 words, 108 pictures and charts.
Among these works, we highlight the systematization of the routes that would form the trivium of Piazza del Popolo (Via di Ripetta, Via del Corso and Via del Babuino), one of the city’s oldest entrances from Via Flaminia. Nevertheless, it would be at the expense of Sixtus V’s plan, made by Fontana, that the space would acquire greater relevance. In 1589, Fontana transferred an Egyptian obelisk at the meeting point of the extension of the road’s axis. In the following century, the Church of Santa Maria di Montesanto and the Church of Santa Maria dei Miracoli were added to the piazza, initially designed by Carlo Rainaldi, using baroque scenographic devices to monumentalize the area. The renovation of Piazza del Popolo had a symbolic meaning in the Baroque Rome. When accessing the piazza through Porta del Popolo, its trapezoidal shape - marked by the obelisk - would direct the eye to the three roads which accesses were marked by the two new churches. However, this site was immensely transformed in the nineteenth century, when the architect Giuseppe Valadier proposed a new systematization for the piazza, which acquired an oval shape that had a strong impact on Rome’s urban form.
The piazza lost its movement in depth with Valadier’s intervention, that is criticized by many authors for its supposed lack of commitment to its Baroque character. This article aims to analyze Giuseppe Valadier’s project, with the discussion of its landscape reorganization, the transformation of its urban form and surrounding buildings, as well as the perceptive implications of the geometry and its connections with the Pincio hill. It also compares Valadier’s project for Piazza del Popolo with Bernini’s project for Piazza San Pietro in Rome, which has the same oval shape but out of very different design intentions.
There are huge gaps between the intent of international policies and the realities of local contexts. Globalization might perpetuate extreme forms of sameness and fundamentalism. As Herb Stovel (2008) questioned, is there a possibility of defining a universal principle based on the core values of conservation practice, while avoiding the fragmentation of cultural values and the denial of non-central, incongruent communities?
This essay will analyse several Asian cases with a focus on Chinese context. It will illustrate how Chinese regulations for safeguarding heritage have been influenced by the Venice Charter and how the understanding of Chinese traditions can contribute to the Charter’s response to contemporary challenges. Existed documents like the China Principles (2000), Shanghai Charter (2002), and Xi'an Declaration (2005) represent adaptations in community-centric, spiritually-aware, intangible-focused, and relative
authenticity-driven ideas. Unlike the cult of material-based authenticity, or the
uniqueness of works of art in the Western world, heritage in China places a greater emphasis on immaterial components. Function and spirit are prioritized in preference to physical objects. Conservation in China frequently leads to common practices of transformation, to renew and even to reconstruct. As the Nara Document on Authenticity (1994) has cautiously opened the way to a culture-based appreciation of conservation values and expanded the definition of “authenticity”, a deeper understanding of Chinese perceptions on heritage may lead to new inspirations for international principles.
Using an urban morphology approach, this study reveals the complexity of the transformation of the city along its borders. From being a crucial point of access, the Porta Maggiore was transformed into a defensive area that was barricaded and inhabited in the Middle Ages, and then became a central traffic junction in the 20th century. Today, the former city boundary is located within the expanded city, making it an isolated symbol of the past.
The aim of the research is to demonstrate that the rich material evidence can be a source of confusion in the legibility and interpretation of the heritage, and that there is a discontinuity in the urban memory. The transformation of the built environment is a reflection of the diverse social interactions, encompassing politics, religion and secular life, in the vicinity of the city wall. The research also raises questions for the current situation: What is the right approach to the demonstration of such rich stratification and materiality? What role do these large structures play when they have already lost their function and context? The materiality of this site offers a rich multilayered history, but at the same time, it poses challenges to heritage interpretation and management.
Preventive conservation refers to the measures and actions taken to mitigate potential damage and deterioration to cultural heritage, which involves a proactive approach that aims to prevent or minimize future deterioration, rather than relying solely on reactive interventions. A key component of preventive conservation is the conservation plan, which is an operational tool that guides the implementation of effective maintenance. It encompasses elements such as time and resources management, policies, technical guidance and reports, assignments, monitoring, and assessments. These procedures highly depend on a method of documentation that can ensure the viability, efficiency, and continuity of the conservation plan. In the context of new construction, the concept of 7D Building Information Modeling (BIM) has emerged for Facility Management, which comprises the 3D model, time schedule, cost intelligence, and sustainability. Builders and project managers employ 7D BIM in the maintenance and operation of a building throughout its entire life cycle. Given that the field of HBIM is still in its early stages and currently lacks specialized tools for conservation plans, this paper aims to elucidate the potential adaptation of 7D BIM to 7D HBIM. The change of perspective towards this digital system holds promise for improving the effectiveness of conservation efforts among diverse stakeholders and ensuring the long- term preservation of cultural heritage.
This paper presents a case study of Porta Maggiore in Rome, initially constructed as a triumphal arch from the imperial period, which is a monumentalization of two aqueduct channels’ arcades. Subsequently, it was incorporated into the Aurelian Walls, serving as an important gate to the city. Over time, this defensive structure and water ducts underwent various transformations, adding complexity to the creation of a comprehensive HBIM model. Based on photogrammetric surveys and point clouds, a 3D model was constructed on the HBIM platform, representing the current condition of the monument. The architectural components were classified in a manner to enable their use as a repository of the documentation produced by planned conservation. In other words, the semantic segmentation, categorization, and parametrization of the 3D elements were defined according to the management purpose. In addition, this model also facilitates the
CHNT28
Jiayao Jiang | China
Izadora Araujo Amara
identification of single elements or architectural systems selected by different properties, permitting information recording directly associated with required components (see Figure 1). Subsequently, a comprehensive conservation plan was formulated, encompassing technical sheets, guidelines, time schedules, and cost estimates. This plan was integrated into the HBIM platform with the aid of available Facility Management digital tools. The software employed ensures continuous updates of the plan by documenting every periodic inspection, maintenance procedure, or potential intervention in the database. Moreover, the digital platform allows for sharing of data and documents (drawings, documents, reports, photographs) among different actors. All the data produced by the conservation plan and the ongoing conservative activities are stored and become beneficial for future decisions, which avoids the fragmentation and discontinuity of information when conservation works involve multiple parties, that is often the case in the practical world. In this manner, the digital database serves a dual purpose: it not only stores records of specific interventions but also functions as a valuable resource for long-term sustainability, going beyond mere energy consumption.
This paper aims to explore the potential of HBIM as an innovative approach to managing built heritage and sharing information with building lifecycle operators. The significance of establishing criteria to evaluate the practical relevance of creating, processing, and storing 3D models and related data is emphasized. These criteria should not only focus on their application in 3D reconstruction or short-term restoration but also consider the long-term value of digitalizing cultural heritage as a means of implementing and improving preventive conservation measures. Furthermore, the purposeful utilization of 3D heritage data should serve as a valuable resource in anticipation of forthcoming societal changes. The adoption of 7D HBIM for planned conservation holds the potential to shift preservation practices by enabling data-driven renovation strategies, empowering conservation professionals to make informed decisions based on accurate and up-to-date information, and generating collaborative and sustainable management of cultural heritage.
The purpose of this session is to trigger discussions on how traditional knowledge can build up resilience in moments of crisis, considering its transmission to future generations and sharing of experiences beyond their specific cultural contexts.
Understanding traditional knowledge as an essential resource for communities across the globe to manage and mitigate a variety of local crises, this session invites papers to explore:
. The diversity of practices for the conservation of Cultural Heritage (both tangible and intangible) in specific contexts, and how such practices deal with local crises in different ways;
. The transmission of community-based experiences to future generations locally, as well as the sharing of strategies beyond cultural boundaries globally, considering how mutual learning among communities can enable the adaptation of local traditions and sow the seeds of resilience in a current globalized scenario;
. The different stakeholders and their role of building a collaborative system of knowledge sharing, taking into account conflicts of interest between international institutions, local authorities and communities. That imposes the questions: How can a broader participatory resilience-building process flourish? Who should be prioritized in a moment of crisis?
Nanjing University, also named Private University of Nanking in the early 20th century, was one of the most important Christian universities in China sponsored by American churches. The main building complex of Nanjing University was constructed during the 1910s to the 1920s. Before this period, the Western Christianity had no standardized practices on how to integrate traditional Chinese architectural features with western building technologies, and the selected "traditional Chinese architecture models” are divergent in different regions. However, from the design of Nanjing University onward, the practice of using northern official-style architecture as the model was almost established, which has special concern about the “Chinese curved roof” or the so called "big roof”. Based on the western perceptions of Chinese architecture and Chinese curved roof, the university buildings are imitations of the Chinese style, but followed the western technological thinking for the roof structure design.
This paper first discusses the paradigms of roof structure of Chinese traditional architecture, then compares it with the western building patterns of roof structure. Through detailed studies on historical drawings and old photographs, as well as on-site survey and three-dimensional models of the historical buildings in Nanjing University, this paper demonstrates how the western architects misunderstood the features of Chinese architecture and had wrong control for the curve of the roof. However, there are also some “positive misunderstandings”, which led to new tectonic designs and the development of modern Chinese construction industry system.
University of Nanking retains rich historical information in its well-preserved historical buildings. Chinese roofs were once been regarded as the complete representation of Chinese architecture by westerners due to the limited cognition. The buildings in University of Nanking imitated just the exterior style of Chinese large roofs, while the interior roof structure used western modern structures. This dissertation first discusses the paradigm of traditional Chinese architecture, and then compares it with the roof practices of University of Nanking. By study of the historical drawings and old photographs of the historical buildings in University of Nanking, combining with the work of on-site surveying and three-dimensional modeling, reveals the misreading of Chinese traditional architecture by the Western architects.
Based on the study of historical documents, this dissertation reveals the design background and construction organization of Western architects. And then analyzes the cognitive sources and design references of Chinese architecture, trying to reveal the reasons for the misunderstanding. Among them, the design mode of operation and the process of construction are especially concerned. In fact, through the introduction of new materials and techniques, Western architects have promoted the development of modern Chinese architecture in the technical level through the interaction with Chinese craftsmen. This paper reveals the problems of construction level, cognition, materials and other aspects reflected by architectural technology.
How did modern China establish a modern nation with new identity on the basis of its long history and culture? The roof design in University of Nanking shows how cultural cognition and techniques influence each other, which also has great significance to today’s architectural practices.
The whole thesis contains about 42657 words, 108 pictures and charts.