- I am biophysical chemist, research in the area of protein structure function relationship, especially enzyme kinetic... moreI am biophysical chemist, research in the area of protein structure function relationship, especially enzyme kinetics and mechanism, using various molecular biology and biophysical techniques.edit
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Binding porphyrins to the simplest models for membranes (surfactants micelles) has attracted much interest due to the possibility of understanding these biological processes. Micelles, microemulsions and vesicles constitute a very active... more
Binding porphyrins to the simplest models for membranes (surfactants micelles) has attracted much interest due to the possibility of understanding these biological processes. Micelles, microemulsions and vesicles constitute a very active area of investigation for the manifold implications in chemistry, physics, biology and materials sciences [1]. In supramolecular chemistry, such organized noncovalent assemblies have been exploited to mimic membrane behavior [2,3], taking advantage of their propensity to entrap or compartmentalize different species, leading in some cases to a high degree of organization and, to create gradients of concentration. Micelle with charged surfaces bind counterions selectively, and their solution properties are sensitive to the type of conuterion and theirs concentration. Recently, several studies have been made on the micellar behavior of cationic surfactant systems with different bulky head groups, and these systems exhibited head group induced structura...
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The anisotropic silver nano-particles were synthesized by using a simple, efficient and eco-friendly method in the presence of Taxus baccata extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. The colloidal monodispersed nanoparticles were... more
The anisotropic silver nano-particles were synthesized by using a simple, efficient and eco-friendly method in the presence of Taxus baccata extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. The colloidal monodispersed nanoparticles were characterized by different methods including UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, AFM, EDS, FTIR, TGA, DLS and Zetasizer. Following the investigation of anticancer activity of the nanoparticles on MCF-7, Caov-4 and HeLa cancer cell lines using MTT assay, its mechanism was further investigated using flow cytometry and real-time PCR.
High-quality colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were synthesised via a green approach by using hydroalcoholic extracts of . Silver nitrate was used as a substrate ion while the plant extract successfully played the role of reducing and... more
High-quality colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were synthesised via a green approach by using hydroalcoholic extracts of . Silver nitrate was used as a substrate ion while the plant extract successfully played the role of reducing and stabilising agents. The synthesised nanoparticles were carefully characterised by using transmission electron microscopy, atomic-force microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy. The maximum absorption wavelengths of the colloidal solutions synthesised using 70 and 96% ethanol and 100% methanol, as extraction solvents, were 430, 485 and 504 nm, respectively. Interestingly, the size distribution of nanoparticles depended on the used solvent. The best particle size distribution belonged to the nanoparticles synthesised by 70% ethanol extract, which was 20-40 nm. The antibacterial activity of the synthesised nanoparticles was studied on , and using disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations assays. The best antibacterial activity obtained for the AgNPs produced by using 96% ethanolic extract.
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Porphyrins and their metal derivatives are strong DNA binders with association constant of 104 to 105 M 1 . Some of these compounds have been used for radiations sensitization therapy of cancer and are targeted to interact with cellular... more
Porphyrins and their metal derivatives are strong DNA binders with association constant of 104 to 105 M 1 . Some of these compounds have been used for radiations sensitization therapy of cancer and are targeted to interact with cellular DNA. Binding of porphyrins to DNA changes the spectral and other physico chemical characteristics of porphyrins. The mode of binding can be extracted from inspection of spectral changes of porphyrin. Hence, Uv-Vis spectroscopy is one of the most usual techniques for such investigations. More over, measuring of these spectral changes at various molar ratio of DNA/porphyrin can let to calculate the binding constant and stoichiometry. In the present work , the interaction of three water soluble porphyrins, tetra (ptrimethyle) ammonium phenyl porphyrin iodide (TAPP) as a cationic prophyrin , tetra sodium meso— tetrakis (p— sulphonato phenyl) porphyrin (TSPP) as an anionic porphyrin and manganese tetrakis (p— sulphonato phenyl) porphyinato acetate (MnTSPP...
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Selective isolation of HLA-G+ cells from HLA-G− cells with MEM-G/9-MNPs. It is an efficient tool for the isolation of fetal cells from the endocervical sample for prenatal screening.
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Curcumin (CUR) is the active curcuminoid with many physiological, biochemical, and pharmacological properties. Solubility and stability of CUR is the limiting factors for realizing its therapeutic potential. Bovine β-casein is an abundant... more
Curcumin (CUR) is the active curcuminoid with many physiological, biochemical, and pharmacological properties. Solubility and stability of CUR is the limiting factors for realizing its therapeutic potential. Bovine β-casein is an abundant milk protein that is highly amphiphilic and self-assembles into stable micellar nanoparticles in aqueous solution. β-Casein nanoparticle can solubilize CUR molecules. In the present study, we introduced a drug-delivery system comprising hydrophobic anticancer drug, CUR, entrapped within β-casein-based nanoparticles. The interaction of CUR with β-casein was investigated using steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking calculation. Results showed that at pH 7, CUR molecules bind to β-casein micelle and formed complexes through hydrophobic interactions. Forster energy transfer measurements and molecular docking studies suggested that CUR molecules bind to the hydrophobic core of βcasein. The binding parameters including number of sub...
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Interactions of 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis (N-benzylpyridilium-4-yl) porphyrin (TBzPyP) and its metal complexes (Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Mn(III)) with calf thymus DNA were investigated in view of thermodynamics; using UV-vis spectroscopy.... more
Interactions of 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis (N-benzylpyridilium-4-yl) porphyrin (TBzPyP) and its metal complexes (Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Mn(III)) with calf thymus DNA were investigated in view of thermodynamics; using UV-vis spectroscopy. The measurements were done in 5 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. The optical absorption spectra of porphyrins were analyzed in order to obtain binding constants and stoichiometries using SQUAD software. The results show that the best fitting corresponds to 1:1 complex model between base pair of DNA and porphyrins. Running the measurements at various temperatures provided the completed thermodynamic analysis on basis of van't Hoff equation. The results represents the enthalpy driven of the process and the predominate role of electrostatic interaction. The following order has been obtained for binding affinity and exothermicity: MnTBzPyP > CoTBzPyP > NiTBzPyP > CuTBzPyP > TBzPyP This result has been interpreted on basis of the chemical str...
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Aggregation behavior of water soluble porphyrins, 5-(1-(4-carboxybutyl) pyridinum-4-yl) 10,15,20-tris (1-methylpyridinium4-yl) porphyrin (5-CBPyP) in the presence of various concentrations of calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) and sodium chloride... more
Aggregation behavior of water soluble porphyrins, 5-(1-(4-carboxybutyl) pyridinum-4-yl) 10,15,20-tris (1-methylpyridinium4-yl) porphyrin (5-CBPyP) in the presence of various concentrations of calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) and sodium chloride were studied in comparison with meso-tetrakis (4-N-methyl pyridinum) porphyrin (TMPyP), by optical absorption, fluorescence and resonance light scattering (RLS) spectroscopies. Both porphyrins obey Beer’s law in extended range of concentration. Optical absorption and RLS measurements demonstrated nonaggregation for both porphyrins under increasing concentration of ct-DNA and NaCl. However, in comparison, 5-CBPyP had less t ndency for aggregation that may be taken as an advantage for its probable application in photodynamic therapy of cancer. The trend of changes in absorption spectra of both porphyrins in the presence of ct-DNA indicates the homogeneous intercalation binding mode. The values of (2.81 ± 0.28) × 10 M and (0.95 ± 0.09) × 10 M were obtai...
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Because of participation in many aspects of human life, and due to oxidation-sensitive characteristics of dopamine (DA) and arachidonoyl dopamine (AA-DA), the necessity of biocompatible carrier to keep them against oxidation is of... more
Because of participation in many aspects of human life, and due to oxidation-sensitive characteristics of dopamine (DA) and arachidonoyl dopamine (AA-DA), the necessity of biocompatible carrier to keep them against oxidation is of importance. In this work, we explored the putative binding sites of DA and AA-DA to -lactoglobulin (BLG) as potent carrier. Docking results identified the binding sites, involved residues and driving forces to the binding process of these ligands. The dissimilar binding site of AA-DA in comparison with DA has been designated by different values of Gibbs free energy, biding constants and contact residues. Molecular dynamics simulation outcomes confirmed that both compounds stayed in their predicted binding sites during the entire time of simulation with no major secondary and tertiary protein structural changes which pointed that BLG might be considered as a suitable oxidation-protective carrier for these compounds.
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This paper is designed to examine the binding behavior of Coumarin with bovine -casein (βCN) through fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular modeling techniques. The data analysis on fluorescence titration experiments at various... more
This paper is designed to examine the binding behavior of Coumarin with bovine -casein (βCN) through fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular modeling techniques. The data analysis on fluorescence titration experiments at various temperatures represents the enthalpy driven nature for the formation of Coumarin–βCN complex and the prevailed role of hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions in the binding process. The results also represent the static quenching of tryptophan and dynamics quenching of tyrosine and phenylalanine residues due to the binding of Coumarin. It can be concluded from molecular docking studies that Coumarin binds to several polar and non-polar residues in the hydrophobic core of βCN with the binding energy of -6.96 kcal mol-1. Finally, analysis of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results suggested that the interactions between βCN and Coumarin are very stable and the binding of Coumarin restricted the flexibility of important residues in the binding site o...
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In order to shed more light on the effect of peripheral groups of porphyrin core intophysicochemical properties and DNA binding behavior of porphyrins, we have chosen toinvestigate solution properties and calf thymus DNA binding behavior... more
In order to shed more light on the effect of peripheral groups of porphyrin core intophysicochemical properties and DNA binding behavior of porphyrins, we have chosen toinvestigate solution properties and calf thymus DNA binding behavior of meso-tetrakis (4-Nbenzyl-pyridyl) porphyrin (TBZPyP) and its Mn (III), Co (III), Ni (II) and Cu (II) complexesderivatives have been studied in thermodynamic viewpoint using Uv/Vis spectroscopy. They havebeen chosen because of their good solubility in physiological solution as well as moderatelyhydrophobic property, so that we may consider them as promising compounds for clinicalapplications. The measurements were done in 1mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 and varioustemperatures. The optical absorption spectra of porphyrins were analyzed in order to obtainbinding constants and stoichiometries using SQUAD software. The results show that the bestfitting corresponds to a 1:1 complex model between base pair of DNA and porphyrins. Theestimation of binding c...
Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was utilized at conditions close to physiological (50 mM HEPES buffer, pH 7.4 and 160 mM NaCl) and at various temperatures of 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C to evaluate the thermodynamic parameters, enthalpy... more
Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was utilized at conditions close to physiological (50 mM HEPES buffer, pH 7.4 and 160 mM NaCl) and at various temperatures of 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C to evaluate the thermodynamic parameters, enthalpy and heat capacity changes, and subsequently the unfolding process of apo-human serum tarnsferrin (apo-hTf) in the presence of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) as a cationic surfactant. The precise thermograms and heat capacity curves obtained and interpreted in terms of molecular events such as specific and non-specific binding and the unfolding process. The analysis of obtained enthalpograms and heat capacity changes profile showed a distinct extreme region close to [CPC]/[apo-hTf] mole ratio of 20 indicated that predominant cooperative unfolding occurs at this mole ratio via a two states mechanism.
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Synthesis and antiproliferative activities of Cu(ii) complexes with tridentate Schiff-base ligands containing pyridine and 3,5-halogen substituted phenol moieties were investigated.
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Abstract Recently, membrane-immobilized enzyme as an affordable bioreactor has been explored in various fields such as biodiesel production and biosensing because of the reusability of the biocatalyst, increasing its stability and being a... more
Abstract Recently, membrane-immobilized enzyme as an affordable bioreactor has been explored in various fields such as biodiesel production and biosensing because of the reusability of the biocatalyst, increasing its stability and being a low-cost separating unit for producing pure products. Usually, membrane modification could affect the surface morphology and hydrophilicity to make them appropriate for enzyme immobilization. In this context, the modified nanocomposite membranes of polyethersulfone (PES) with various percentages (x: 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 3.00) of the graphene oxide nanosheets (GON) named (PGx) are synthesized through the phase inversion technique. The enzymatic hybrid membrane reactors (EHMRs) are provided through the Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization on the synthesized hybrid membranes. The structure and surface functionalities of the synthesized GON and hybrid membrane are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection (ATR), respectively. The effect of the GON incorporation and CRL immobilization on the morphology of the membrane are explored through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle goniometry, and surface free energy analysis. After measuring the porosity of the hybrid membranes with different amounts of GON, their performance, before and after CRL immobilization, are studied through pure water flux. The effective parameters on the activity and performance of EHMR such as GON percentages, CRL initial concentration, immobilization time, and storage condition are accurately optimized. The examination of the relative activity, reusability, and product permeability display that EHMR with 1.00% of GON (EHMR1) is the most efficient between EHMRs with different percentages of GON. Moreover, EHMR1 exhibits the enhancement in pH and thermal stability compared with free CRL and even the immobilized CRL on GON. While the storage stability of the wet- EHMR1 is higher than that of the dry-EHMR1, the stored wet- EHMR1 at 4 °C is more stable than room temperature. Because of these advantages, it is recommended that this bioactive membrane could be a passable candidate for application in the environmental, analytical, and industrial processes.
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Density (ρ), viscosity (η) and surface tension (γ) of three amino acids (valine, alanine, and glycine) have been measured at a different mass fraction (0.002 - 0.009) of aqueous hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) mixtures and different... more
Density (ρ), viscosity (η) and surface tension (γ) of three amino acids (valine, alanine, and glycine) have been measured at a different mass fraction (0.002 - 0.009) of aqueous hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) mixtures and different temperatures (278.15 - 295.15 K). The formation of inclusion complexes has been analyzed via evaluating the amounts of apparent and limiting apparent molar volumes, limiting apparent molar expansibilities, activation energy, kinematic, relative, intrinsic, spatial, and dynamic viscosities. The surface tension studies indicated that the inclusion complexes have been formed with 1:1 stoichiometry and mediated by hydrophobic effects and electrostatic forces. Additionally, the ρ and η parameters were evaluated by molecular modeling experiments to provide more details on the mechanisms of the complexation.
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ABSTRACT In the present study, enzymatic biodiesel production from low-cost, non-edible crude Eruca sativa oil was investigated. Candida rugosa lipase (CRL), a commercially promising biocatalyst in different industries, was used. Although... more
ABSTRACT In the present study, enzymatic biodiesel production from low-cost, non-edible crude Eruca sativa oil was investigated. Candida rugosa lipase (CRL), a commercially promising biocatalyst in different industries, was used. Although this source of lipase has been reported as unsuitable for biodiesel production from non-edible oil, in this study, it was attempted to use this enzyme for production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from Eruca sativa oil in a solvent-free system. For the first time, the effects of pre-hydrolysis and pH on the yield of biodiesel were evaluated. Afterward, the four most commonly reported influential parameters were analyzed with the use of response surface methodology (RSM). It was observed that pre-hydrolysis had a significant effect on biodiesel conversion due to the mechanism of enzymatic biodiesel production. Deionized water was more efficient in comparison with phosphate buffer with different pH values. According to the RSM analysis, water content and temperature have a highly significant effect on biodiesel production. Methanol-to-oil ratio and enzyme amounts were also significant factors in FAME production. The optimum methanol-to-oil ratio, enzyme amount, water content, and temperature for achieving high conversion was found to be 3:1, 5 mg, 40%, and 21 °C, respectively.
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Abstract Membrane-immobilized enzymes have received increasing attention in a variety of fields such as biosensors, enzymatic reactors, and membrane bioreactors. In this study, Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) was covalently immobilized on... more
Abstract Membrane-immobilized enzymes have received increasing attention in a variety of fields such as biosensors, enzymatic reactors, and membrane bioreactors. In this study, Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) was covalently immobilized on nanocomposite membrane. Initially, the Fe3O4@SiO2 nano-particles were dip-coated onto the ultrafiltration membrane surface through a low temperature hydrothermal (LTH) process, and then, reacted with 3-aminopropyletriethoxysilane (APTS). Glutaraldehyde was used as a coupling agent to covalently immobilize lipase on the nanocomposite membrane surface. Various techniques such as SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, AFM, contact angle goniometry and surface free energy measurement were applied to characterize the nanocomposite membrane. The results showed that the immobilization process was successful in terms of enzyme activity and immobilization efficiency. It was found that the activated nanocomposite membrane greatly improved the relative activity and loading capacity in comparison to unmodified UF membrane. The investigation of kinetic parameters of enzymatic reaction shows the decreasing of Km and vmax due to immobilization which represents the increasing of substrate affinity and decreasing of catalytic activity of immobilized enzyme. The higher thermal, storage, and operational stability of immobilized enzyme make it a suitable candidate for to bio-catalytic processes.
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High quality colloidal gold nanoparticles with promising anticancer activity were synthesized using Taxus baccata extracts.
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Abstract A facile and novel semi-biosynthesis method was reported to develop multifunctional magnetic-plasmonic nanostructures with potent and specific anticancer activity. Silver and gold nanoseeds were synthesized in the presence of... more
Abstract A facile and novel semi-biosynthesis method was reported to develop multifunctional magnetic-plasmonic nanostructures with potent and specific anticancer activity. Silver and gold nanoseeds were synthesized in the presence of Taxus baccata extracted Taxanes, as reducing and capping agents, and used to decorate the silica coated iron oxide nanoparticles. The resulted nanostructures were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FE-SEM, TEM, FTIR, EDS, and DLS. The resulted hollow and porous nanostructures displayed semi-spherical shapes and sizes between 200 and 500 nm with appropriate magnetic and plasmonic properties. FTIR analysis showed efficient encapsulation of nanostructures by the organic compounds which led to their appropriate colloidal stability. MTT assay and microscopic studies revealed potent and specific anticancer activity of silver decorated magnetic nanostructures (FeAg-Ns), so that after 48 h incubation of human cervical (HeLa) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells with 100 μg mL− 1 FeAg-Ns up to 70.4 ± 2.02 and 98.6 ± 2.36% mortality were obtained, respectively. Moreover, the nanostructures displayed significantly less cytotoxicity (up to 40.5 ± 1.82%) on noncancerous human fibroblast cells. In conclusion, the synthesized nanostructures have great potential to develop theranostic agents for bio-imaging and magnetically targeted cancer therapy.
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Novel methods have been developed for lipase immobilization on poly acrylonitrile (PAN) membranes to increase the activity and stability of the immobilized lipase.
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In this work, the terbium(III), dysprosium(III), and ytterbium(III) complexes containing 2, 2'-bipyridine (bpy) ligand have been synthesized and characterized using CHN elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis and H-NMR techniques and their... more
In this work, the terbium(III), dysprosium(III), and ytterbium(III) complexes containing 2, 2'-bipyridine (bpy) ligand have been synthesized and characterized using CHN elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis and H-NMR techniques and their binding behavior with human serum albumin (HSA) was studied by UV-Vis, fluorescence and molecular docking examinations. The experimental data indicated that all three lanthanide complexes have high binding affinity to HSA with effective quenching of HSA fluorescence via static mechanism. The binding parameters, the type of interaction, the value of resonance energy transfer, and the binding distance between complexes and HSA were estimated from the analysis of fluorescence measurements and Förster theory. The thermodynamic parameters suggested that van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds play an important role in the binding mechanism. While, the energy transfer from HSA molecules to all these complexes occurs with high probability, the order ...
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A comprehensive study was conducted toward the green and facile synthesis of biocompatible magnetite nanoparticles for the efficient removal of organic contaminants from water. The nanoparticles were synthesized using a modified... more
A comprehensive study was conducted toward the green and facile synthesis of biocompatible magnetite nanoparticles for the efficient removal of organic contaminants from water. The nanoparticles were synthesized using a modified co-precipitation method and functionalized by the taxane diterpenoids extracted from Taxus baccata L., and fully characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, SEM, FTIR, VSM, and XRD. The synthesized monodisperse magnetite nanoparticles, with a narrow size distribution of less than 50 nm, displayed significant and stable magnetic activity without surface oxidation after several months. The batch experiments clearly indicated the efficient iron-catalyzed removal of Nile blue, methylene blue, methylene orange, and 4-nitrophenol for several cycles without significant loss of catalytic activity. The relevant kinetic data of the dyes removal reactions were fitted to a pseudo-first order model. Moreover, in vitro MTT assay revealed high biocompatibility of the nanoparticles with no significant toxicity on different human cell lines. The overall results indicated high potential of green synthesized, biocompatible magnetite nanoparticles for the environmental applications especially wastewater remediation.
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In the present manuscript, a closed bipolar electrode system integrated with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection has been introduced for sensitive diagnosis of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). For sensitive and selective detection,... more
In the present manuscript, a closed bipolar electrode system integrated with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection has been introduced for sensitive diagnosis of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). For sensitive and selective detection, the anodic pole of the bipolar electrode was modified with the AS1411 aptamer, a specific aptamer for the nucleolin, and treated by the secondary aptamer modified gold nanoparticles. The electrochemiluminescence of luminol was followed in the presence of hydrogen peroxide on the anode pole of bipolar electrode (BPE) as an analytical signal. Moreover, 3D printed microchannels were used for the fabrication of BPE systems to minimize the required amounts of sample. The present aptasensor offers low cost, sensitive and selective cancer cell detection with two acceptable linear ranges. The first linear section appears within 10-100 cells and the latter is found to be within 100-700 cells. The limit of detection was about 10 cells.
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Chemotherapy constitutes the main strategy in management of breast cancer (BC). Lack of specificity and high burden of adverse effects of chemotherapeutic agents remain the most important impediments to successful treatment of BC... more
Chemotherapy constitutes the main strategy in management of breast cancer (BC). Lack of specificity and high burden of adverse effects of chemotherapeutic agents remain the most important impediments to successful treatment of BC patients. Folate receptor α (FRα) could be very promising for therapeutic targeting in this type of cancer. In this study, ß-lactoglobulin nanoparticles (BNPs) conjugated with folic acid and loaded with doxorubicin (FDBNPs) were prepared. Various characterization techniques were applied to determine the size, polydispersity and doxorubicin loading of prepared FDBNPs in comparison with doxorubicin-loaded BNPs (DBNPs). The results showed that FDBNPs are 109.77 ± 2.80 nm in diameter with well dispersed and spherical shapes. The biodegradation of FDBNPs in the presence of trypsin enzyme and in PBS at different pH (4 and 7) was spectrophotometrically monitored and the results showed that the FDBNPs with encapsulation efficiency of 68.82%±1.76% could deliver doxorubicin at clinically relevant doses. Effects of DBNPs and FDBNPs against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, BC and triple negative BC (TNBC) cell lines, respectively, showed significant inhibition of cell proliferation as well as induction of apoptosis. Based on these findings, FDBNPs with facilitated drug release and targeted doxorubicin delivery capacities could have high therapeutic potential for BC and TNBC.
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In this study, Rh2-treated graphene oxide (GO-Rh2), lysine-treated highly porous graphene (Gr-Lys), arginine-treated Gr (Gr-Arg), Rh2-treated Gr-Lys (Gr-Lys-Rh2) and Rh2-treated Gr-Arg (Gr-Arg-Rh2) were synthesized. MTT assay was used for... more
In this study, Rh2-treated graphene oxide (GO-Rh2), lysine-treated highly porous graphene (Gr-Lys), arginine-treated Gr (Gr-Arg), Rh2-treated Gr-Lys (Gr-Lys-Rh2) and Rh2-treated Gr-Arg (Gr-Arg-Rh2) were synthesized. MTT assay was used for evaluation of cytotoxicity of samples on ovarian cancer (OVCAR3), breast cancer (MDA-MB), Human melanoma (A375) and human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cell lines. The percentage of apoptotic cells was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The hemolysis and blood coagulation activity of nanostructures were performed. Interestingly, Gr-Arg, Gr-Lys, Gr-Arg-Rh, and Gr-Lys-Rhwere more active against cancer cell lines in comparison with their cytotoxic activity against normal cell lines (MSCs) with ICvalues higher than 100 μg/ml. The results of TUNEL assay indicates a significant increase in the rates of TUNEL positive cells by increasing the concentrations of nanomaterials. Results were also ...
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In this study, we have reported the synthesis of graphene oxide nanosheets (GON) and its functionalization with 2, 4, 6-trichloro-1, 3, 5-triazine (TCT) through two routes, (a) directly reaction of GON with TCT (GON-1), and (b) reaction... more
In this study, we have reported the synthesis of graphene oxide nanosheets (GON) and its functionalization with 2, 4, 6-trichloro-1, 3, 5-triazine (TCT) through two routes, (a) directly reaction of GON with TCT (GON-1), and (b) reaction of GON with pre-functionalized TCT with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) (GON-2). Subsequently, GON, GON-1 and GON-2 have been used as supports for immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL). Several techniques such as XRD, SEM, EDS, UV-Vis, CHNS, FTIR and AFM were applied to characterize the nano-structures and success of synthesis, functionalization and CRL immobilization processes. The results corresponding to optimization of immobilization process revealed the following order for values of loading capacity, immobilization yield and leaching of CRL: GON > GON-1 > GON-2, while this order is reversed for, specific activity and recovery activity. The assessment of operational parameters represents the high storage stability and reasonable...