Andorra
|
795 Les Valls (Diocese of Urgell)
|
1278 Les Valls
|
1396 Les Valls (Crown of Aragon)
|
1398 Lordship of Les Valls
|
1516 Lordship of Les Valls (Kingdom of Spain)
|
1607 Principality of Andorra
|
1812 French Empire
|
1814 Principality of Andorra
|
1933 French Republic
|
1940 Principality of Andorra
|
Andorra
|
Malta
|
870 Aghlabids
|
1091 County of Sicily
|
1130 Kingdom of Sicily
|
1194 County of Malta (Swabians)
|
1266 Kingdom of Sicily
|
1283 Crown of Aragon
|
1479 Catholic Monarchy(Castile and Aragon)
|
1516 Kingdom of Spain(Habsburg)
|
1530 Knights of St. John of Jerusalem
|
1798 French Republic
|
1800 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
|
1922 United Kingdom
|
1964 Republic of Malta
|
Malta
|
San Marino
|
301 Most Serene Republic of San Marino
|
San Marino
|
Vatican City
|
752 Papal States
|
1870 States of the Church
|
1929 Vatican City
|
Vatican City
|
Italy
|
705 Saracens, Giudicati
|
1185 Giudicati(Holy Roman Empire, Crown of Aragon)
|
1323 Crown of Aragon
|
1479 Catholic Monarchy(Castile and Aragon)
|
1504 Crown of Aragon
|
1516 Kingdom of Spain(Habsburg)
|
1714 Kingdom of Spain(Habsburg)
|
1716 Kingdom of Spain
|
1720 Kingdom of Sardinia
|
1861 Kingdom of Italy
|
1946 Italian Republic
|
Italy
|
965 Emirate of Sicily(Fatimid Caliphate)
|
1071 County of Sicily
|
1130 Kingdom of Sicily
|
1137 Kingdom of Sicily
|
1155 Kingdom of Sicily
|
1282 Kingdom of Sicily
|
1720 Kingdom of Sicily(Holy Roman Empire)
|
1735 Kingdom of Sicily(Spain)
|
1816 Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
|
851 Principality of Salerno
|
1042 Duchy of Apulia and Calabria
|
1282 Kingdom of Naples
|
1714 Kingdom of Naples(Holy Roman Empire)
|
1735 Kingdom of Naples(Spain)
|
1806 Kingdom of Naples(French Empire)
|
1815 Kingdom of Naples(Spain)
|
571 Duchy of Benevento
|
839 Principality of Capua
|
1027 Duchy of Naples
|
1027 Principality of Capua
|
1000 Republic of Venice
|
1797 Cisalpine Republic(French Republic)
|
1805 Kingdom of Italy(French Empire)
|
1815 Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia(Austrian Empire)
|
752 Papal States
|
1814 Duchy of Modena and Reggio
|
962 Holy Roman Empire
|
1032 Holy Roman Empire
|
1378 Holy Roman Empire
|
1815 Grand Duchy of Tuscany
|
1796 Holy Roman Empire
|
1810 French Empire
|
1814 Duchy of Parma
|
France
|
933 Kingdom of Burgundy
|
1378 Kingdom of France
|
1492 Kingdom of France
|
1794 French Republic
|
1814 Kingdom of France
|
1852 French Empire
|
1870 French Republic
|
1940 French State(Nazi Germany)
|
1944 French Republic
|
1946 French Republic
|
1958 French Republic
|
France
|
843 Kingdom of France
|
Belgium
|
962 Holy Roman Empire
|
1291 Holy Roman Empire
|
1579 Spanish Netherlands (Habsburg)
|
1713 Austrian Netherlands (Habsburg)
|
1815 United Kingdom of the Netherlands
|
1830 Kingdom of Belgium
|
1940 Kingdom of Belgium (Nazi Germany)
|
1944 Kingdom of Belgium
|
Belgium
|
Luxembourg
|
1839 Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
|
1940 Luxembourg (Nazi Germany)
|
1942 Nazi Germany
|
1944 Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
|
Luxembourg
|
Netherlands
|
1579 Holy Roman Empire
|
1581 Dutch Republic
|
1795 Batavian Republic
|
1839 Netherlands
|
1940 Netherlands (Nazi Germany)
|
1945 Netherlands
|
Netherlands
|
Switzerland
|
1291 Swiss Confederacy
|
1798 Helvetic Republic
|
1802 Swiss Confederation
|
1815 Swiss Confederation
|
1848 Switzerland
|
Switzerland
|
Liechtenstein
|
1291 Holy Roman Empire
|
1701 Kingdom of Prussia(Holy Roman Empire)
|
1772 Kingdom of Prussia(Holy Roman Empire)
|
1806 Liechtenstein
|
1815 German Confederation
|
1866 Liechtenstein
|
Liechtenstein
|
Germany
|
1806 Confederation of the Rhine(French Empire)
|
1866 North German Confederation
|
1871 German Empire
|
1919 German Reich
|
1933 Nazi Germany
|
1938 Nazi Germany
|
1945 German Realm
|
1949 West Germany
|
1990 Germany
|
Germany
|
1949 East Germany
|
Poland
|
960 Civitas Schinesghe
|
1025 Kingdom of Poland
|
1385 Kingdom of Poland
|
1569 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
|
1807 Duchy of Warsaw (French Empire)
|
1918 Republic of Poland
|
1944 People's Republic of Poland
|
1990 Republic of Poland
|
Poland
|
Austria
|
962 Holy Roman Empire
|
1278 Habsburg Austria
|
1526 Habsburg Austria
|
1804 Austrian Empire
|
1867 Austria–Hungary
|
1878 Austria–Hungary
|
1918 German Austria 1919 Federal State of Austria
|
1945 Allied-occupied Austria
|
1955 Republic of Austria
|
Austria
|
Czech Republic
|
1278 Holy Roman Empire
|
1918 Czechoslovak Republic
|
1945 Czechoslovak Republic
|
1960 Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
|
1990 Czech and Slovak Federal Republic
|
1992 Czech Republic
|
Czech Republic
|
Slovakia
|
1939 Slovak State
|
1992 Slovakia
|
Slovakia
|
Hungary
|
896 Principality of Hungary
|
1000 Kingdom of Hungary
|
1918 Republic of Hungary 1919 Kingdom of Hungary
|
1946 Republic of Hungary
|
Hungary
|
Slovenia
|
962 Holy Roman Empire
|
1804 Austrian Empire
|
1918 Kingdom of Yugoslavia
|
1943 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
|
1991 Republic of Slovenia
|
Slovenia
|
Croatia
|
925 Kingdom of Croatia
|
1102 Kingdom of Croatia(Hungary)
|
1527 Kingdom of Croatia(Habsburg)
|
1991 Republic of Croatia
|
Croatia
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
Banate of Bosnia(Bulgaria)
|
1019 Banate of Bosnia(Byzantine Empire)
|
1082 Kingdom of Duklja
|
1102 Banate of Bosnia(Hungary)
|
1166 Banate of Bosnia(Byzantine Empire)
|
1377 Kingdom of Bosnia
|
1463 Ottoman Empire
|
1540 Ottoman Empire
|
1817 Ottoman Empire
|
1991 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
|
1992 Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
1997 Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
Serbia
|
Serb State
|
1018 Byzantine Empire
|
1077 Kingdom of Duklja
|
1102 Kingdom of Duklja
|
1219 Serbian Kingdom of Raška
|
1341 Serbian Kingdom of Raška
|
1346 Serbian Empire
|
1371 Moravian Serbia
|
1402 Serbian Despotate
|
1817 Principality of Serbia
|
1882 Kingdom of Serbia
|
1992 Serbia and Montenegro
|
2006 Republic of Serbia
|
Serbia
|
Montenegro
|
1341 Principality of Zeta
|
1496 Ottoman Empire
|
1852 Principality of Montenegro
|
1910 Kingdom of Montenegro
|
2006 Montenegro
|
Montenegro
|
Macedonia
|
680 First Bulgarian Empire
|
1077 Byzantine Empire
|
1185 Byzantine Empire
|
1257 Second Bulgarian Empire
|
1277 Byzantine Empire
|
1282 Serbian Kingdom of Raška
|
1346 Serbian Empire
|
1392 Ottoman Empire
|
1396 Ottoman Empire
|
1479 Ottoman Empire
|
1852 Ottoman Empire
|
1878 Ottoman Empire
|
1912 Kingdom of Serbia
|
1991 Republic of Macedonia
|
Macedonia
|
Bulgaria
|
1185 Second Bulgarian Empire
|
1277 Second Bulgarian Empire
|
1878 Principality of Bulgaria
|
1908 Kingdom of Bulgaria
|
1946 People's Republic of Bulgaria
|
1990 Republic of Bulgaria
|
Bulgaria
|
Albania
|
1185 Byzantine Empire
|
1190 Principality of Arbër
|
1255 Despotate of Epirus
|
1261 Byzantine Empire
|
1272 Kingdom of Albania(Sicily)
|
1368 Princedom of Albania
|
1444 League of Lezhë
|
1878 Ottoman Empire
|
1912 Provisional Government of Albania
|
1914 Principality of Albania
|
1925 Albanian Republic
|
1928 Albanian Kingdom
|
1939 Albanian Kingdom(Italy)
|
1943 Albanian Kingdom(Germany)
|
1946 Socialist People's Republic of Albania
|
1991 Republic of Albania
|
Albania
|
1190 Byzantine Empire
|
1204 Despotate of Epirus
|
1272 Byzantine Empire
|
1453 Byzantine Empire
|
1914 Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus
|
Greece
|
330 Byzantine Empire
|
1204 Latin Empire
|
1453 Ottoman Empire
|
1832 Kingdom of Greece
|
1924 Hellenic Republic
|
1935 Kingdom of Greece
|
1941 Hellenic State(Germany andItaly)
|
1944 Kingdom of Greece
|
1974 Hellenic Republic
|
Greece
|
Turkey
|
1077 Sultanate of Rûm
|
1299 Ottoman Empire
|
1821 Ottoman Empire
|
1923 Republic of Turkey
|
Turkey
|
Romania
|
Pecheneg Khanates
|
1091 Cuman Khanates
|
1241 Golden Horde(Mongol Empire)
|
1317 Principality of Wallachia
|
1417 Principality of Wallachia(Ottoman Empire))
|
1859 United Principalities
|
1881 Kingdom of Romania
|
1918 Kingdom of Romania
|
1940 Kingdom of Romania
|
1941 Kingdom of Romania
|
1944 Kingdom of Romania
|
1947 Socialist Republic of Romania
|
1989 Romania
|
Romania
|
1317 Golden Horde(Mongol Empire)
|
1346 Principality of Moldavia
|
1538 Principality of Moldavia (Ottoman Empire)
|
1812 Principality of Moldavia (Ottoman Empire)
|
Moldova
|
1812 Russian Empire
|
1914 Russian Empire
|
1917 Moldavian Democratic Republic
|
1940 Soviet Union
|
1944 Soviet Union
|
1991 Moldova
|
Moldova
|
Ukraine
|
880 Kievan Rus'
|
1001 Kievan Rus'
|
1162 Kievan Rus'
|
1175 Principality of Pereyaslavl
|
1346 Golden Horde(Mongol Empire)
|
1441 Crimean Khanate
|
1478 Crimean Khanate (Ottoman Empire)
|
1795 Russian Empire
|
1917 Ukrainian People's Republic
|
1920 Soviet Ukraine
|
1922 Soviet Union
|
1939 Soviet Union
|
1941 Nazi Germany
|
1990 Ukraine
|
Ukraine
|
1175 Kievan Rus'
|
1199 Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
|
1349 Grand Duchy of Lithuania
|
1404 Grand Duchy of Lithuania
|
1569 Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania
|
1917 West Ukrainian People's Republic
|
1920 Republic of Poland
|
Belarús
|
1162 Principality of Turov and Pinsk
|
1223 Principality of Turov and Pinsk(Galicia–Volhynia)
|
1263 Kingdom of Belarus
|
1917 Belarusian People’s Republic
|
1990 Republic of Belarus
|
Belarús
|
1920 Soviet Byelorussia
|
1922 Soviet Union
|
1001 Principality of Polotsk
|
Russia
|
1001 Kievan Rus'
|
1010 Principality of Smolensk
|
1917 Russian Republic 1917 Soviet Russia
|
1941 Soviet Union
|
1991 Russian Federation
|
Russia
|
1010 Kievan Rus'
|
1024 Principality of Chernigov
|
1097 Principality of Chernigov
|
1401 Grand Duchy of Lithuania
|
1097 Principality of Novgorod-Seversk
|
1097 Principality of Murom-Ryazan
|
1237 Mongol Empire
|
1238 Mongol Empire
|
1240 Golden Horde(Mongol Empire)
|
1283 Golden Horde(Mongol Empire)
|
1520 Grand Duchy of Moscow
|
1547 Tsardom of Russia
|
1721 Russian Empire
|
1024 Kievan Rus'
|
1093 Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal
|
1283 Grand Duchy of Moscow (Mongol Empire)
|
1478 Grand Duchy of Moscow (Mongol Empire)
|
1480 Grand Duchy of Moscow
|
1093 Kievan Rus'
|
1136 Novgorod Republic
|
Lithuania
|
Baltic People
|
1009 Lithuanians
|
1251 Kingdom of Lithuania
|
1263 Grand Duchy of Lithuania
|
1569 Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania
|
1914 Ober Ost(German Empire)
|
1918 Republic of Lithuania
|
1941 Nazi Germany
|
1990 Republic of Lithuania
|
Lithuania
|
Latvia
|
Baltic People
|
1180 Principality of Koknese
|
1207 Livonia
|
1219 Livonia
|
1224 Teutonic Order
|
1346 Teutonic Order
|
1525 Livonia
|
1559 Livonia
|
1561 Livonia
|
1562 Duchy of Courland and Semigallia(Lithuania)
|
1569 Duchy of Courland and Semigallia(Poland and Lithuania)
|
1918 Republic of Latvia
|
1990 Republic of Latvia
|
Latvia
|
1561 Duchy of Livonia(Lithuania)
|
1569 Duchy of Livonia(Poland and Lithuania)
|
1629 Swedish Livonia(Swedish Empire)
|
1721 Russian Empire
|
1741 Russian Empire
|
Estonia
|
Ancient Estonians
|
1561 Duchy of Estonia(Swedish Empire)
|
1645 Duchy of Estonia(Swedish Empire)
|
1918 Republic of Estonia
|
1990 Republic of Estonia
|
Estonia
|
1219 Duchy of Estonia(Kingdom of Denmark)
|
1559 Duchy of Estonia(Kingdom of Denmark)
|
Finland
|
1249 Kingdom of Sweden
|
1397 Kalmar Union
|
1523 Kingdom of Sweden
|
1611 Kingdom of Sweden
|
1718 Kingdom of Sweden
|
1914 Russian Empire
|
1917 Republic of Finland
|
Finland
|
Sweden
|
1000 Kingdom of Sweden
|
1741 Kingdom of Sweden
|
1814 United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
|
1905 Kingdom of Sweden
|
Norway
|
872 Kingdom of Norway
|
1030 Kingdom of Denmark
|
1035 Kingdom of Norway
|
1262 Kingdom of Norway
|
1523 Kalmar Union
|
1536 Denmark–Norway
|
1905 Kingdom of Norway
|
1945 Kingdom of Norway
|
Norway
|
Iceland
|
930 Icelandic Commonwealth
|
1814 Kingdom of Denmark
|
1918 Kingdom of Iceland (Kingdom of Denmark)
|
1944 Iceland
|
Denmark
|
980 Kingdom of Denmark
|
1918 Kingdom of Denmark
|
1941 Kingdom of Denmark (Nazi Germany)
|
1945 Kingdom of Denmark
|
Denmark
|
|
|