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Esciliorrínids

De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure
Infotaula d'ésser viuEsciliorrínids
Scyliorhinidae Modifica el valor a Wikidata

Scyliorhinus hesperius Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Període
Taxonomia
SuperregneHolozoa
RegneAnimalia
FílumChordata
ClasseChondrichthyes
OrdreCarcharhiniformes
FamíliaScyliorhinidae Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Gill, 1862
Gèneres
Gató (Scyliorhinus canicula) fotografiat al sud de la Mar del Nord.
Atelomycterus marmoratus
Moixina (Galeus melastomus)
Apristurus profundorum

Els esciliorrínids (Scyliorhinidae) són una família de taurons de l'ordre dels carcariniformes, una de les més nombroses, amb 15 gèneres i 89 espècies.

Morfologia

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  • Són esquals petits i de cos allargassat: la majoria d'espècies fan entre 60 i 70 cm de longitud però la més grossa (Apristurus gibbosus) assoleix els 4 m.[7] Tot i això la llargària màxima de les espècies mediterrànies és sempre inferior a 1 m.
  • Els ulls són grossos amb una petita membrana nictitant.
  • Les aletes dorsals es troben per darrere de les pèlviques, són subiguals i estan situades molt enrere. L'origen de la primera dorsal és clarament posterior a l'origen de les ventrals.
  • L'anal és grossa.
  • La caudal no es troba ben desenvolupada, és subhoritzontal i amb el lòbul inferior escarransit
  • Els espiracles són ben visibles.
  • Tenen cinc obertures branquials de les quals la cinquena, i de vegades també la quarta, estan situades sobre la base de les aletes pectorals.
  • Les dents són pluricuspidades, amb la cúspide principal aguda, menudes i nombroses, molt poc diferents de les de les dues mandíbules.[8][9][10]

Alimentació

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Mengen invertebrats i peixets.[1][11]

Hàbitat

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Totes les espècies són costaneres i sedentàries.[12]

Distribució geogràfica

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Es troben a tots els oceans de la Terra (llevat de l'oceà Antàrtic).[13] Són molt abundants a les costes de Sud-àfrica, a l'àrea marina compresa entre Àsia i Austràlia, i a l'oceà Pacífic occidental.[14]

Costums

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Són bentònics.

Taxonomia

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Referències

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  1. 1,0 1,1 FishBase (anglès)
  2. Berg, L.S.: System der rezenten und fossilen Fischartigen und Fische. VEB Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlín, 1958.
  3. Long, J. A.: The Rise of Fishes: 500 million years of evolution.Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore-Londres, planes 1-223. Any 1995.
  4. ITIS (anglès)
  5. BioLib (anglès)
  6. The Taxonomicon (anglès)
  7. «Scyliorhinidae (Family)» (en anglès). ZipcodeZoo.com. Arxivat de l'original el 11 d’agost 2014. [Consulta: 21 d’agost 2008].
  8. Mas Ferrà, Xavier i Canyelles Ferrà, Xavier: Peixos de les Illes Balears. Editorial Moll, Palma, maig del 2000. Manuals d'introducció a la naturalesa, 13. ISBN 84-273-6013-4. Plana 49.
  9. Bleckmann, H., M. Hofmann: "Special Senses", planes 300-328 a W.C. Hamlett, ed. Sharks, Skates, and Rays. Baltimore, Maryland, Estats Units: The Johns Hopkins University Press. Any 1999.
  10. Duran, Miquel: Noms i descripcions dels peixos de la Mar Catalana. Tom I, Àgnats, Condrictis, Osteïctis (1a. part). Editorial Moll, Palma (Mallorca), 2007. ISBN 978-84-273-6508-7. Pàg. 101.
  11. Heithaus, M.: "Predator-Prey Interactions". Planes 487-522 a J.C. Carrier, J.A. Musick, M.R. Heithaus, eds. Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives. Boca Raton, Florida, Estats Units: CRC Press. Any 2004.
  12. Compagno, L.: Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton, Nova Jersey, Estats Units: Princeton University Press. Any 1988.
  13. Musick, J., M. Harbin, L. Compagno: "Historical Zoogeography of the Selachii". Planes 33-78 a J.C. Carrier, J.A. Musick, M.R. Heithaus, eds. Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives. Boca Raton, Florida, Estats Units: CRC Press. Any 2004.
  14. Duran, Miquel: Noms i descripcions dels peixos de la Mar Catalana. Pàg. 102.
  15. Garman S., 1913. The Plagiostomia (sharks, skates, and rays). Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. v. 36. i-xiii + 1-515. Also Atlas: 77 pls.
  16. 16,0 16,1 16,2 Meng, Q.-W., Y.-D. Chu & S. Li. 1985. Description of four new species of Scyliorhinidae from depths of the south China Sea. Oceanol. Limnol. Sin. v. 16 (núm. 1): 43-50.
  17. Nakaya, K. & B. Séret. 1999. A new species of deepwater catshark, Apristurus albisoma n. sp. from New Caledonia (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae). Cybium v. 23 (núm. 3): 297-310.
  18. Sasahara, R., Sato, K. & Nakaya, K. 2008. A new species of deepwater catshark, Apristurus ampliceps sp. nov. (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae), from New Zealand and Australia. Pp. 93-104. A Last, P.R., White, W.T. & Pogonoski, J.J. (editors): Descriptions of New Australian Chondrichthyans. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper núm. 22.
  19. Nakaya, K. & M. Stehmann. 1998. A new species of deep-water catshark, Apristurus aphyodes n. sp., from the eastern North Atlantic (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae). Arch. Fish. Mar. Research v. 46 (núm. 1): 77-90.
  20. Sato, K., Nakaya, K. & Yorozu, M. 2008. Apristurus australis sp. nov., a new long-snout catshark (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from Australia. Pp. 113-121. A Last, P.R., White, W.T. & Pogonoski, J.J. (editors): Descriptions of New Australian Chondrichthyans. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper núm. 22.
  21. 21,0 21,1 Gilbert, C. H. 1892. Descriptions of thirty-four new species of fishes collected in 1888 and 1889, principally among the Santa Barbara Islands and in the Gulf of California. A Scientific results of explorations by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. v. 14 (núm. 880): 539-566.
  22. White, W.T., Last, P.R. & Pogonoski, J.J. 2008. Apristurus bucephalus sp. nov., a new deepwater catshark (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from southwestern Australia. Pp. 105-111. A Last, P.R., White, W.T. & Pogonoski, J.J. (editors): Descriptions of New Australian Chondrichthyans. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper núm. 22.
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  49. Séret, B. & Last, P.R. 2008. Asymbolus galacticus sp. nov., a new species of spotted catshark (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from New Caledonia. Cybium 2008, 32 (2): 137-143.
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  51. Compagno, L. J. V., J. D. Stevens & P. R. Last. 1999. Australian spotted catsharks of the genus Asymbolus (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae). Part 1: Descriptions of three new species from Western Australia, pp. 2-18. A Last, P. R. (ed.) Australian catsharks of the genus Asymbolus (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae). CSIRO Mar. Lab. Rep. Núm. 239: 1-35.
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  55. Compagno, L. J. V. & J. D. Stevens. 1993. Atelomycterus fasciatus n. sp., a new catshark (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from tropical Australia. Rec. Aust. Mus. v. 45 (núm. 2): 147-169.
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  73. Bigelow H. B. & Schroeder W. C. 1941. Cephalurus, a new genus of scyliorhinid shark with redescription of the genotype, Catulus cephalus Gilbert. Copeia 1941 (núm. 2). 73-76.
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  75. Vaillant, L. L. 1888. Expéditions scientifiques du "Travailleur" et du "Talisman" pendant les années 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883. Poissons. Paris. Exped. Travailleur et Talisman: 1-406, Pls. 1-28.
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  77. Soto, J. M. R. 2001. Galeus mincaronei sp. nov. (Carcharhiniformes, Scyliorhinidae), a new species of sawtail catshark from southern Brazil. Mare Magnum v. 1 (núm. 1): 11-18.
  78. Collett, R. 1904. Diagnoses of four hitherto undescribed fishes from the depths south of the Faroe Islands. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-selskabet i Christiania (for 1904) Núm. 9: 1-7.
  79. Séret, B. & Last, P.R. 2008. Galeus priapus sp. nov., a new species of sawtail catsharks (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from New Caledonia. Zootaxa, 1813: 19–28.
  80. Gill T. N. 1862. Analytical synopsis of the order of Squali; and revision of the nomenclature of the genera. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y. v. 7. 367-370, 371-408.
  81. White, W.T., Last, P.R. & Stevens, J.D. 2007. Halaelurus maculosus n. sp. i Halaelurus sellus n. sp., two new species of catshark (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from the Indo-West Pacific. Zootaxa, 1639: 1-21.
  82. White, W.T., Last, P.R. & Stevens, J.D. 2007. Halaelurus maculosus n. sp. and Halaelurus sellus n. sp., two new species of catshark (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from the Indo-West Pacific. Zootaxa, 1639: 1-21.
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  85. Human, B. A. & L. J. V. Compagno. 2006. Description of Haploblepharus kistnasamyi, a new catshark (Chondrichthyes: Scyliorhindae) from South Africa. Zootaxa Núm. 1318: 41-58.
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  89. 89,0 89,1 89,2 89,3 Seret, B. & Last, P.R. 2007. Four new species of deep-water catsharks of the genus Parmaturus (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from New Caledonia, Indonesia and Australia. Zootaxa, 1657: 23-39.
  90. Smith H. M. 1912. Description of a new notidanoid shark from the Philippine Islands representing a new family. (Scientific results of the Philippine cruise of the Fisheries steamer "Albatross," 1907-10.--No. 14). Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. v. 41 (núm. 1872). 489-491.
  91. Smith A. 1838. (On the necessity for a revision of the groups included in the Linnaean genus Squalus). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1837 (pt 5). 85-86.
  92. Gmelin, J. F. 1789. Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species; cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decimo tertia, aucta, reformata. 3 vols. in 9 parts. Lipsiae, 1788-93. Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species; ... v. 1 (pt 3): 1033-1516.
  93. Müller, J. & Henle, F. G. J. 1838-1841. Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Berlín. Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen.: i-xxii + 1-200, 60 pls.
  94. Springer S. 1966. A review of western Atlantic cat sharks, Scyliorhinidae, with descriptions of a new genus and five new species. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Fish. Bull. v. 65 (núm. 3). 581-624.
  95. Müller, J. & F. G. J. Henle. 1838-1841. Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Berlín. Plagiostomen: i-xxii + 1-200, 60 pls.
  96. Guichenot, A. 1848. Fauna Chilena. Peces. Pp. 137-370. A C. Gay, Historia física y política de Chile. Zoología, v. 2. París i Santiago de Xile. Fauna Chilena, Peces.
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