Carrie Murray

Fundamental to investigating Iron Age cultures of the Mediterranean is the recovery of settlement and cemetery remains. The location, dating of phases, construction techniques and burial practices are central to understanding the physical development of a site or more broadly a culture. The physical remains are not ust the tangible finds of stone and terracotta; they are also the result of social action. Decisions and actions made by individuals and groups lie behind the planning, design, and execution of the physical changes to a landscape during the development and lifetime of settlements and cemeteries. This work proposes how investigating the physical remains of settlements and cemeteries can shed light on the social action at work behind the construction and maintenance, and how this analysis may be applied, possibly even more pertinently, when examining the development of some of the Greek colonies in the Mediterranean. What follows here is a discussion of some elements related to the physical development of a number of Greek colonial settlements. The social acts of planning, construction, and maintenance of settlement and cemetery space will be discussed as a starting point for considering how the vast topics of the spatial organization, architecture, and funerary practices at Greek settlements in the West could help reveal changing social circumstances in a variety of ways. The activities of daily life, including archaeologically visible activities, provide insights into the choices made by individuals and groups that can help eplain social change even when specific individuals cannot be identified for a discussionn see Brumfiel odder. espite the variability in form and development of Greek colonial settlements, understanding the social contexts behind their construction and maintenance can reveal aspects of the nature of interactions between the newcomers and locals. Interpreting the physical remains of settlements and cemeteries as direct insights into social actions and interactions could help create clearer understandings

The Greek Colonization research project at the Faculty of Classics, University of Cambridge was borne out of the idea of shining light on corners of the ancient Mediterranean world that often fell into the shadows of research into Greek colonization. A central aim was to question the roles and agency behind the involved communities, both newcomer and local, and to question how these relationships may have changed over time. We sought to investigate the interplay between cultural and physical landscapes. Integral to these two areas: the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea were perceived of as connected and inseparable entities, and Phoenician/ Punic involvement was considered as relevant as Greek involvement in colonization. The members of the proect investigated different geographical and cultural areas focusing on specific case studies. The specific site and regional foci contributed insights illuminating case-specific developments. Rather than necessarily reflecting potential expectations of patterns, the case studies added points of colour in what sometimes appears to be broad brush overviews that dominate concepts behind Greek colonization. The project was also the product of a burgeoning time of reconceptualizations of the Mediterranean world, addressing the multiplicity of voices, and an abundance of recent fieldwork. Of coursee the Corrupting Sea (2000) caught the imagination of so many scholars of the ancient world, and here too, Peregrine Horden and Nicholas Purcell's creation of broad-ranging overviews with in-depth insights, questioning whether we should be dealing with the history of the Mediterranean or history in the editerranean was inspirational. Research into areas including Gocha Tsetskhladzes (1998) edited volume, Greek Colonization of the Black Sea and Tamar Hodos' work on cultural interaction in North Syria, Sicily, and North Africa (2006) were seen as important nodes of reference. In addition ara Owen with enry urst had recently completed a volume on colonization before beginning this new project (2005).

Explores sacrificial practices across a range of contexts from prehistory to the present.

The term "sacrifice" belies what is a complex and varied transhistorical and transcultural phenomenon. Bringing together scholars from such diverse fields as anthropology, archaeology, epigraphy, literature, and theology, Diversity of Sacrifice explores sacrificial practices across a range of contexts from prehistory to the present. Incorporating theory, material culture, and textual evidence, the volume seeks to consider new and divergent data related to contexts of sacrifice that can help broaden our field of vision while raising new questions. The essays contributed here move beyond reductive and simple explanations to explore complex areas of social interaction. Sacrifice plays a key role in the overlapping sacred and secular spheres for a number of societies in the past and present. How religious beliefs and practices can be integral parts of life on individual and community levels is of fundamental importance to understanding the past and present. In addition to aiding scholarly research, Diversity of Sacrifice enables students to explore this rich theme across Europe and the Mediterranean with clear discussions of theory and data.

While many acknowledge that Etruscan society was not homogenous, and should continue to be investigated in this light (: 485; : 54), the interaction of elites in Etruria is often discussed in terms of shared forms of material culture and social practices. Thus the potential for meaningful differences is at times not always acknowledged, while the significance of ideology tied to the objects and practices, as well as to the interactions resulting from their distribution across the region, is not fully understood. Certain types of figured frieze plaques used as architectural decorations serve as an insightful example of how specific depictions of elite ideology were shared amongst a number of Etruscan settlements. The distribution, or lack of distribution in some cases, of identical mouldmade figured frieze plaques, to adorn monumental structures in various parts of the region, demonstrates connections and exchange networks across Etruria.

An experience that affects all of the senses—the impetuses and consequences of sacrificial practices relate to more than purely religious considerations. The continuous presence of sacrifice, in widely varying forms, from ancient to contemporary contexts is testament to its perceived long-term significance. Its relevance applies to the community, family, and individual. Evidence from archaeology, epigraphy, ethnography, history, and literature provides a wealth of insights into a multitude of sacrificial practices from across a wide spectrum of contexts. There is an abundance of scholarship informing our understanding of sacrifice in its different guises. Publications often explore the significance of sacrifice within the confines of separate contexts: ancient, contemporary, pagan, Christian, and others. The isolated perspectives often reach little consensus regarding what seems so neatly packaged as a single term, “sacrifice,” in our parlance, but what is a complex and varied trans...

Abstract A ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey conducted on the small volcanic island of Pantelleria, in the Strait of Sicily, south-central Mediterranean, revealed an apparent complex of Punic/Roman architecture. The survey focused on the Lago di Venere area, where a previously investigated ritual Punic site was built alongside a brackish volcanic lake. The site also exhibits evidence of earlier Eneolithic components and later Roman components. The full extent of the site has remained undetermined, however, with only the small area of the Punic ritual complex having been excavated from 1996 to 2002. The GPR survey was intended to explore whether additional architecture remained unseen in surrounding areas, thus taking a first step toward determining the site's full spatial extent and archaeological potential. This survey revealed a complex of architectural ruins beneath an active agricultural field immediately west of the previously excavated features, and extending to a depth of approximately 2 m. These newly discovered features expand the known architectural footprint of the immediate site by three-fold. This GPR study is the first published archaeo-geophysical investigation on the island.

The accounts of Demaratus state that he was a merchant, and a member of the Bacchiad family of Corinth. When the tyrant Kypselos took control of Corinth around 657 bce, Demaratus fled to the important Etruscan city of Tarquinia. He took with him three craftsmen named Eucheir, Diopus, and Eugrammus. Demaratus married an Etruscan noblewoman and had two sons, Arruns and Lucomo. Both sons married Etruscan noblewomen, but Arruns predeceased his father. Not realizing that Arruns' wife was pregnant, at the time of his own death a few days later Demaratus left his fortune to Lucomo. Lucomo and his wife, Tanaquil, later moved to Rome, where he became the fifth king of Rome, ca. 616, known as Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, thereby founding the Tarquin Dynasty. Keywords: classical civilization; Greek history; Roman history

Archeologia 3.1 (1985), 47—58), have successfully been applied to the study of burials in southern Italy (e.g., D. Graepler, Tonfiguren im Grab (1997); A. Hoffmann, Grabritual und Gesellschaft. Gefafiformen, Bildthemen und Funktionen unteritalisch-rotfiguriger Keramik aus der Nekropole von Tarent (2002)). With regard to Etruscan silvered ceramics, unfortunately, the main obstacle to comparable studies is again posed by the lack of well-documented contexts (see above). Chs 6 ('tipologia') and 7 ('catalogo') round off an admirably well researched and beautifully illustrated volume which will no doubt prove to be indispensable for many future studies of Etruscan society during the Hellenistic period, and which should be included in any serious research library of Classical Archaeology.

The longue durée of human activity on the island of Pantelleria represents an important locus of ancient cultural interaction in the Strait of Sicily. This narrow channel in the central Mediterranean has played a major and continuous role in human relations between Italy, Sicily and North Africa since the Neolithic period. Use or control of the Pantelleria has been pivotal for a number of cultures over time, each leaving a lasting impression on the landscape and the people of the island (Figure 1). The volcanic geology of Pantelleria has determined the shape of its landscape and is responsible for the creation of the collapsed-caldera basin and lake that form the study area of this project. The Brock University Archaeological Project at Pantelleria (BUAPP) is working in the Lago di Venere area, examining past human activity on the north-eastern lake shore. A previous project in the Lago di Venere area (1998–2002) interpreted the site as a Punic and Roman sanctuary (Audino & Cerasett...