The main goal of this study was to analyze the potential of Trichoderma viride BEOFB 1210m for ce... more The main goal of this study was to analyze the potential of Trichoderma viride BEOFB 1210m for cellulase production during solid-state fermentation of wheat straw pretreated with the ligninosome of a well-known white-rot delignificator – Pleurotus pulmonarius HAI 573. After only 7 days of T. viridae BEOFB 1210m cultivation on biologically pretreated wheat straw, this micromycete produced the most active xylanases, which were also the dominant enzymes, with a value of even 3730.10 U L-1. Likewise, maximal but much lower values of exocellulases (155.83 U L-1) and β-glucosidases (59.98 U L-1) were detected after the same period of fermentation. However, much higher activity of endocellulase (2439.55 U L-1) was obtained on the 10th day. The dynamics of enzyme activity was reflected on the level of substrate depolymerization. As much as 30.56% of the cellulose was degraded already on the 7th day, and that percentage did not change significantly until the end of the cultivation period. A ...
Grifola frondosa HAI 1232 was tested for ligninolytic enzyme activities and for lignin, cellulose... more Grifola frondosa HAI 1232 was tested for ligninolytic enzyme activities and for lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose degradation during cultivation on eight common agro-forestry residues in Serbia. Wheat straw was favorable lignocellulosic for the production of Mn-dependent and Mn-independent peroxidases (2513.89 and 354.17 U L-1, respectively), while selected residues inhibited the synthesis of laccases. The highest lignin removal was observed during fermentation of blackberry sawdust (36.75%), while the highest selectivity index was recorded on oak sawdust (4.34). The dry matter loss varied between 8.17% in corn stalks and 14.16% in apple sawdust. According to the presented results, it can be concluded that G. frondosa HAI 1232 could be an important participant in various biotechnological processesdue to its high capacity to selectively degrade different agro-forestry residues.
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2021
The goals of the present study were to characterize the profile of ligninolytic enzymes in fivePl... more The goals of the present study were to characterize the profile of ligninolytic enzymes in fivePleurotusspecies and determine their ability to delignify eight common agro-forestry residues. Generally, corn stalks were the optimal inducer of Mn-dependent peroxidase activity, but the activity peak was noted after wheat straw fermentation byP. eryngii(3066.92 U/L).P.floridawas the best producer of versatile peroxidase, especially on wheat straw (3028.41 U/L), while apple sawdust induced the highest level of laccase activity inP. ostreatus(49601.82 U/L). Efficiency of the studied enzymes was expressed in terms of substrate dry matter loss, which was more substrate-than species-dependent. Reduction of substrate dry mass ranged between 24.83% in wheat straw and 8.83% in plum sawdust as a result of fermentation withP.floridaandP. pulmonarius, respectively. The extent of delignification of the studied substrates was different, ranging from 51.97% after wheat straw fermentation byP.pulmonari...
International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 2019
Previous studies showed that some mushrooms are highly efficient in inhibiting acetylcholinestera... more Previous studies showed that some mushrooms are highly efficient in inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase, the increased activity of which can trigger the development of Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Starting from the fact that free radicals at high concentrations could cause neurodegenerative disorders as well as great interest in new, natural antineurodegenerative drugs, the goal of this study was to determine the in vitro antioxidative and neuroprotective potentials of various Pleurotus ostreatus and Laetiporus sulphureus extracts. L. sulphureus was a better antioxidative agent; it showed higher reducing power, was a more efficient scavenger of DPPH and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radicals, and was an Fe3+ reducer. The most efficient acetylcholinesterase inhibitor was hot water extract of P. ostreatus fruiting body, which was slightly weaker than the commercial preparation, galantamine. However, in comparison with α-kojic acid, tested extracts were weaker tyrosinase inhibitors. Considering that tested extracts were rich in phenols and that their amounts were in positive correlation with the extent of radical neutralization and acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibition, it is assumed that these compounds are the potential carriers of the neuroprotective activities. Owing to the significant antioxidative and antineurodegenerative capacity of these species, they can be suggested as novel nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.
For the last several years, there is an increasing research interest for lignocellulosic biomass ... more For the last several years, there is an increasing research interest for lignocellulosic biomass because of its renewable nature. Wheat straw, as one of the most abundant plant wastes, could potentially be transformed into various high valued products (food, feed, paper, biofuel). Micromycetes play an important role in lignocellulose conversion owing to their powerfull enzymatic system. They posses different potentials to synthetise lignocelullolytic enzymes and degrade biomass. Therefore, the objectives of this study were determination of Mn-oxidising peroxidases and laccases activities and extent of wheat straw depolymerisation during solid-state fermentation by selected micromycetes species/strains. The highest Mn-dependent-and Mn-independent peroxidases activities were noted in Clonostachys rosea BEOFB 1610m on day 14 of cultivation (210.23 and 303.03 U l-1 , respectively), while Alternaria sp. BEOFB 202m was the unique producer of laccase which maximum activity (1558.59 U l-1) was observed after 7 days of wheat straw fermentation. After 21 days of wheat straw depolymerisation, the highest level of lignin degradation was caused by C. rosea BEOFB 1610m (13.67%), while Alternaria sp. BEOFB 202m was the most efficient hemicellulose and cellulose degrader (38.1 and 29.8%, respectively). These data demonstrate that studied fungal species/strains could potentially be used in various biotechnological processes for the plant raw materials transformation.
Biological pretreatment of the lignocellulosic residues, in which white-rot fungi have a crucial ... more Biological pretreatment of the lignocellulosic residues, in which white-rot fungi have a crucial role, has many advantages compared to the chemical, physical, and physicochemical methods of delignification and therefore attracts increasing scientific attention. Regarding the fact that properties and capacities of the ligninolytic enzymes of Daedaleopsis spp. are still unknown, the aim of this study was to research how nitrogen sources and inducers affect the potential of Daedaleopsis confragosa and Daedaleopsis tricolor to degrade cherry sawdust. NH 4 NO 3 , (NH 4) 2 SO 4 , and peptone were tested as nitrogen sources, whil e veratryl alcohol, p-anisidine, vanillic acid, and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride were the studied inducers. As Mn-dependent peroxidase and laccase were the leader enzymes and cherry sawdust/peptone medium the best stimulator of their activities, the effect of inducers on delignification potential of these species was studied during fermentation of that substrate. Veratryl alcohol was the best stimulator of laccase and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride of Mn-dependent peroxidase activity (27,610.0 and 1338.4 U/L, respectively). These inducers also increased cherry sawdust delignification selectivity, particularly in D. tricolor in the presence of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (lignin:hemicellulose:cellulose = 32.1%:0.9%:11.7%). Owing to the presented results, studied species could have an important role in the phase of lignocellulose pretreatment in various biotechnological processes.
Previous studies showed that some mushrooms are highly efficient in inhibiting acetylcholinestera... more Previous studies showed that some mushrooms are highly efficient in inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase, the increased activity of which can trigger the development of Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Starting from the fact that free radicals at high concentrations could cause neurodegenerative disorders as well as great interest in new, natural antineurodegenerative drugs, the goal of this study was to determine the in vitro antioxidative and neuroprotective potentials of various Pleurotus ostreatus and Laetiporus sulphureus extracts. L. sulphureus was a better antioxidative agent; it showed higher reducing power, was a more efficient scavenger of DPPH and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radicals, and was an Fe 3+ reducer. The most efficient acetylcholinesterase inhibitor was hot water extract of P. ostreatus fruiting body, which was slightly weaker than the commercial preparation, galantamine. However, in comparison with α-kojic acid, tested extracts were weaker tyrosinase inhibitors. Considering that tested extracts were rich in phenols and that their amounts were in positive correlation with the extent of radical neutralization and acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibition, it is assumed that these compounds are the potential carriers of the neuroprotective activities. Owing to the significant antioxidative and antineurodegenerative capacity of these species, they can be suggested as novel nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.
Grifola frondosa HAI 1232 was tested for ligninolytic enzyme activities and for lignin, cellulose... more Grifola frondosa HAI 1232 was tested for ligninolytic enzyme activities and for lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose degradation during cultivation on eight common agro-forestry residues in Serbia. Wheat straw was favorable lignocellulosic for the production of Mn-dependent and Mn-independent peroxidases (2513.89 and 354.17 U L-1 , respectively), while selected residues inhibited the synthesis of laccases. The highest lignin removal was observed during fermentation of blackberry sawdust (36.75%), while the highest selectivity index was recorded on oak sawdust (4.34). The dry matter loss varied between 8.17% in corn stalks and 14.16% in apple sawdust. According to the presented results, it can be concluded that G. frondosa HAI 1232 could be an important participant in various biotechnological processes due to its high capacity to selectively degrade different agro-forestry residues.
The goals of the present study were to characterize the profile of ligninolytic enzymes in five P... more The goals of the present study were to characterize the profile of ligninolytic enzymes in five Pleurotus species and determine their ability to delignify eight common agro-forestry residues. Generally, corn stalks were the optimal inducer of Mn-dependent peroxidase activity, but the activity peak was noted after wheat straw fermentation by P. eryngii (3066.92 U/L). P. florida was the best producer of versatile peroxidase, especially on wheat straw (3028.41 U/L), while apple sawdust induced the highest level of laccase activity in P. ostreatus (49601.82 U/L). Efficiency of the studied enzymes was expressed in terms of substrate dry matter loss, which was more substrate-than species-dependent. Reduction of substrate dry mass ranged between 24.83% in wheat straw and 8.83% in plum sawdust as a result of fermentation with P. florida and P. pulmonarius, respectively. The extent of delignification of the studied substrates was different, ranging from 51.97% after wheat straw fermentation by P. pulmonarius to 4.18% in grapevine sawdust fermented by P. ostreatus. P. pulmonarius was also characterized by the highest cellulose enrichment (6.54) and P. ostreatus by very low one (1.55). The tested biomass is a highly abundant but underutilized source of numerous value-added products, and a cocktail of ligninolytic enzymes of Pleurotus spp. could be useful for its environmentally and economically friendly transformation.
Although the living standard and life expectancy have been increasing significantly, we face nume... more Although the living standard and life expectancy have been increasing significantly, we face numerous arising challenges in modern medicine, such as the presence of increasing exogenous triggers of oxidative stress that lead to the emergence of multiple diseases and disorders, the appearance of an increasing number of resistant microorganisms, an immense number of patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders as well as autoimmune and rare diseases. Therefore, we need the help of natural sources of active compounds, among which mushrooms are important. They have been an integral part of traditional medicine for centuries, and modern research has confirmed their bioactivities and given them a scientific basis. Numerous species, primarily from the genera Ganoderma, Lentinus, Pleurotus, Innonotus, Trametes, Cordyceps, Agaricus, etc., have shown exceptional immunomodulatory, antioxidative, antihypercholesterolemic, antihypertensive, antitumor, antineurodegenerative, antidiabetic, antimicrobial as well as numerous other potentials. Studies have shown that the mushrooms’ crude extracts, as well as various metabolites, especially polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and proteins, possess mentioned activities and thereby could be the basis for the development of new, more efficient drugs. However, numerous problems and challenges need to be overcome before mushrooms from the domain of traditional medicine move into the modern one and become part of conventional therapy. KeywordsBioactivitiesDrug developmentFunctional foodMedicinal mushroomsTraditional medicine
Nowadays, there are huge amounts of lignocellulosic materials left in agroforestry practice, whic... more Nowadays, there are huge amounts of lignocellulosic materials left in agroforestry practice, which can be transformed into useful products. Biomass exploitation could be aiming not only at replacing conventional energy sources but also at preserving biodiversity and natural ecosystems. Five micromycetes were studied with goal to determine their potential to produce active cellulases as well as the ability to decompose pretreated wheat straw and oak sawdust after seven days of solid-state fermentation. Wheat straw was better lignocellulosic substrate than oak sawdust for the production of cellulases in all five micromycetes. Thus, Penicillium solitum BEOFB 1190m has shown to be the best producer of highly active forms of xylanases (7532.36 ? 89.37 U/L). The most active endo- and exocellulases (2299.70 ? 72.17 U/L and 195.66 ? 4.64 U/L, respectively) were produced by Trichoderma harzianum BEOFB 1230m, while the maximal value of ?-glucosidase activity (215.69 ? 3.13 U/L) was detected a...
Laetiporus sulphureus BEOFB 1040 has shown the capacity to produce ligninolytic enzymes and conse... more Laetiporus sulphureus BEOFB 1040 has shown the capacity to produce ligninolytic enzymes and consequently degrade eight common agroforestry residues. The highest activities of Mn-dependent and Mn-independent peroxidases (2079.55 U/L and 492.42 U/L, respectively) were detected after treatment of plum and oak sawdust, while laccases synthesis was inhibited by all tested residues. However, despite laccase absence this brown-rot species was not only a good depolymerizer of cellulose and hemicellulose but also an effective delignifier of selected residues. The highest level of lignin content reduction of 43.09% along with high degradation of holocellulose (35.24% of cellulose and 38.42% of hemicellulose) was noted in raspberry sawdust. On the other hand, a selectivity index of even 4.55 was achieved on wheat straw where only 20.27% of lignin was degraded. Consequently, the highest and the lowest dry matter loss (21.25% and 5.83%) were noted on raspberry sawdust and wheat straw, respective...
The present study aimed to characterize Pleurotus eryngii and P. pulmonarius ligninolytic enzymes... more The present study aimed to characterize Pleurotus eryngii and P. pulmonarius ligninolytic enzymes and to determine their potential for polymer degradation in common agroforestry residues. The peak of laccase activity (36052.33 U L-1) was observed after P. pulmonarius cultivation on oak sawdust. The maximal Mn-dependent peroxidase activity was reached by P. eryngii (2511.36 U L-1), while the highest level of versatile peroxidase activity was noted in P. pulmonarius (3053.03 U L-1), after fermentation of corn stalks. The highest level of lignin loss (46.28%) was achieved after cultivation of P. pulmonarius on corn stalks, but the most selective degradation of lignocellulose polymers was observed after P. eryngii cultivation on wheat straw. The obtained results lead to the conclusion that the studied P. eryngii and P. pulmonarius strains are good producers of ligninolytic enzymes and effective and selective depolymerizers of agroforestry residues, and therefore their use would be benef...
Hypsizygus marmoreus is an edible and medicinal commercially cultivated mushroom, whose ligninoly... more Hypsizygus marmoreus is an edible and medicinal commercially cultivated mushroom, whose ligninolytic potential is still insufficiently known. Therefore, the goals of this study were to profile its Mn-oxidizing peroxidases and laccases activity and its potential to depolymerize common agro-forestry residues. Raspberry and blackberry sawdust induced the production of highly active laccases (26006.83 U L and 17576.79 U L, respectively), while the activity peaks of Mn-dependent peroxidase (134.47 U L) and Mn-independent peroxidase (184.40 U L) were recorded on plum sawdust and wheat straw, respectively. The pretreatment of corn stalks resulted in the highest lignin removal (57.15%), while the highest lignin/cellulose removal ratio (selectivity) was noted on oak sawdust (17.69). The maximal (20%) and the minimal (8.30%) dry matter loss were obtained for corn stalks and oak sawdust, respectively. The presented results showed the exceptional potential of the ligninolytic system of H. marmo...
The main goal of this study was to analyze the potential of Trichoderma viride BEOFB 1210m for ce... more The main goal of this study was to analyze the potential of Trichoderma viride BEOFB 1210m for cellulase production during solid-state fermentation of wheat straw pretreated with the ligninosome of a well-known white-rot delignificator – Pleurotus pulmonarius HAI 573. After only 7 days of T. viridae BEOFB 1210m cultivation on biologically pretreated wheat straw, this micromycete produced the most active xylanases, which were also the dominant enzymes, with a value of even 3730.10 U L-1. Likewise, maximal but much lower values of exocellulases (155.83 U L-1) and β-glucosidases (59.98 U L-1) were detected after the same period of fermentation. However, much higher activity of endocellulase (2439.55 U L-1) was obtained on the 10th day. The dynamics of enzyme activity was reflected on the level of substrate depolymerization. As much as 30.56% of the cellulose was degraded already on the 7th day, and that percentage did not change significantly until the end of the cultivation period. A ...
Grifola frondosa HAI 1232 was tested for ligninolytic enzyme activities and for lignin, cellulose... more Grifola frondosa HAI 1232 was tested for ligninolytic enzyme activities and for lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose degradation during cultivation on eight common agro-forestry residues in Serbia. Wheat straw was favorable lignocellulosic for the production of Mn-dependent and Mn-independent peroxidases (2513.89 and 354.17 U L-1, respectively), while selected residues inhibited the synthesis of laccases. The highest lignin removal was observed during fermentation of blackberry sawdust (36.75%), while the highest selectivity index was recorded on oak sawdust (4.34). The dry matter loss varied between 8.17% in corn stalks and 14.16% in apple sawdust. According to the presented results, it can be concluded that G. frondosa HAI 1232 could be an important participant in various biotechnological processesdue to its high capacity to selectively degrade different agro-forestry residues.
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2021
The goals of the present study were to characterize the profile of ligninolytic enzymes in fivePl... more The goals of the present study were to characterize the profile of ligninolytic enzymes in fivePleurotusspecies and determine their ability to delignify eight common agro-forestry residues. Generally, corn stalks were the optimal inducer of Mn-dependent peroxidase activity, but the activity peak was noted after wheat straw fermentation byP. eryngii(3066.92 U/L).P.floridawas the best producer of versatile peroxidase, especially on wheat straw (3028.41 U/L), while apple sawdust induced the highest level of laccase activity inP. ostreatus(49601.82 U/L). Efficiency of the studied enzymes was expressed in terms of substrate dry matter loss, which was more substrate-than species-dependent. Reduction of substrate dry mass ranged between 24.83% in wheat straw and 8.83% in plum sawdust as a result of fermentation withP.floridaandP. pulmonarius, respectively. The extent of delignification of the studied substrates was different, ranging from 51.97% after wheat straw fermentation byP.pulmonari...
International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 2019
Previous studies showed that some mushrooms are highly efficient in inhibiting acetylcholinestera... more Previous studies showed that some mushrooms are highly efficient in inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase, the increased activity of which can trigger the development of Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Starting from the fact that free radicals at high concentrations could cause neurodegenerative disorders as well as great interest in new, natural antineurodegenerative drugs, the goal of this study was to determine the in vitro antioxidative and neuroprotective potentials of various Pleurotus ostreatus and Laetiporus sulphureus extracts. L. sulphureus was a better antioxidative agent; it showed higher reducing power, was a more efficient scavenger of DPPH and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radicals, and was an Fe3+ reducer. The most efficient acetylcholinesterase inhibitor was hot water extract of P. ostreatus fruiting body, which was slightly weaker than the commercial preparation, galantamine. However, in comparison with α-kojic acid, tested extracts were weaker tyrosinase inhibitors. Considering that tested extracts were rich in phenols and that their amounts were in positive correlation with the extent of radical neutralization and acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibition, it is assumed that these compounds are the potential carriers of the neuroprotective activities. Owing to the significant antioxidative and antineurodegenerative capacity of these species, they can be suggested as novel nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.
For the last several years, there is an increasing research interest for lignocellulosic biomass ... more For the last several years, there is an increasing research interest for lignocellulosic biomass because of its renewable nature. Wheat straw, as one of the most abundant plant wastes, could potentially be transformed into various high valued products (food, feed, paper, biofuel). Micromycetes play an important role in lignocellulose conversion owing to their powerfull enzymatic system. They posses different potentials to synthetise lignocelullolytic enzymes and degrade biomass. Therefore, the objectives of this study were determination of Mn-oxidising peroxidases and laccases activities and extent of wheat straw depolymerisation during solid-state fermentation by selected micromycetes species/strains. The highest Mn-dependent-and Mn-independent peroxidases activities were noted in Clonostachys rosea BEOFB 1610m on day 14 of cultivation (210.23 and 303.03 U l-1 , respectively), while Alternaria sp. BEOFB 202m was the unique producer of laccase which maximum activity (1558.59 U l-1) was observed after 7 days of wheat straw fermentation. After 21 days of wheat straw depolymerisation, the highest level of lignin degradation was caused by C. rosea BEOFB 1610m (13.67%), while Alternaria sp. BEOFB 202m was the most efficient hemicellulose and cellulose degrader (38.1 and 29.8%, respectively). These data demonstrate that studied fungal species/strains could potentially be used in various biotechnological processes for the plant raw materials transformation.
Biological pretreatment of the lignocellulosic residues, in which white-rot fungi have a crucial ... more Biological pretreatment of the lignocellulosic residues, in which white-rot fungi have a crucial role, has many advantages compared to the chemical, physical, and physicochemical methods of delignification and therefore attracts increasing scientific attention. Regarding the fact that properties and capacities of the ligninolytic enzymes of Daedaleopsis spp. are still unknown, the aim of this study was to research how nitrogen sources and inducers affect the potential of Daedaleopsis confragosa and Daedaleopsis tricolor to degrade cherry sawdust. NH 4 NO 3 , (NH 4) 2 SO 4 , and peptone were tested as nitrogen sources, whil e veratryl alcohol, p-anisidine, vanillic acid, and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride were the studied inducers. As Mn-dependent peroxidase and laccase were the leader enzymes and cherry sawdust/peptone medium the best stimulator of their activities, the effect of inducers on delignification potential of these species was studied during fermentation of that substrate. Veratryl alcohol was the best stimulator of laccase and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride of Mn-dependent peroxidase activity (27,610.0 and 1338.4 U/L, respectively). These inducers also increased cherry sawdust delignification selectivity, particularly in D. tricolor in the presence of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (lignin:hemicellulose:cellulose = 32.1%:0.9%:11.7%). Owing to the presented results, studied species could have an important role in the phase of lignocellulose pretreatment in various biotechnological processes.
Previous studies showed that some mushrooms are highly efficient in inhibiting acetylcholinestera... more Previous studies showed that some mushrooms are highly efficient in inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase, the increased activity of which can trigger the development of Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Starting from the fact that free radicals at high concentrations could cause neurodegenerative disorders as well as great interest in new, natural antineurodegenerative drugs, the goal of this study was to determine the in vitro antioxidative and neuroprotective potentials of various Pleurotus ostreatus and Laetiporus sulphureus extracts. L. sulphureus was a better antioxidative agent; it showed higher reducing power, was a more efficient scavenger of DPPH and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radicals, and was an Fe 3+ reducer. The most efficient acetylcholinesterase inhibitor was hot water extract of P. ostreatus fruiting body, which was slightly weaker than the commercial preparation, galantamine. However, in comparison with α-kojic acid, tested extracts were weaker tyrosinase inhibitors. Considering that tested extracts were rich in phenols and that their amounts were in positive correlation with the extent of radical neutralization and acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibition, it is assumed that these compounds are the potential carriers of the neuroprotective activities. Owing to the significant antioxidative and antineurodegenerative capacity of these species, they can be suggested as novel nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.
Grifola frondosa HAI 1232 was tested for ligninolytic enzyme activities and for lignin, cellulose... more Grifola frondosa HAI 1232 was tested for ligninolytic enzyme activities and for lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose degradation during cultivation on eight common agro-forestry residues in Serbia. Wheat straw was favorable lignocellulosic for the production of Mn-dependent and Mn-independent peroxidases (2513.89 and 354.17 U L-1 , respectively), while selected residues inhibited the synthesis of laccases. The highest lignin removal was observed during fermentation of blackberry sawdust (36.75%), while the highest selectivity index was recorded on oak sawdust (4.34). The dry matter loss varied between 8.17% in corn stalks and 14.16% in apple sawdust. According to the presented results, it can be concluded that G. frondosa HAI 1232 could be an important participant in various biotechnological processes due to its high capacity to selectively degrade different agro-forestry residues.
The goals of the present study were to characterize the profile of ligninolytic enzymes in five P... more The goals of the present study were to characterize the profile of ligninolytic enzymes in five Pleurotus species and determine their ability to delignify eight common agro-forestry residues. Generally, corn stalks were the optimal inducer of Mn-dependent peroxidase activity, but the activity peak was noted after wheat straw fermentation by P. eryngii (3066.92 U/L). P. florida was the best producer of versatile peroxidase, especially on wheat straw (3028.41 U/L), while apple sawdust induced the highest level of laccase activity in P. ostreatus (49601.82 U/L). Efficiency of the studied enzymes was expressed in terms of substrate dry matter loss, which was more substrate-than species-dependent. Reduction of substrate dry mass ranged between 24.83% in wheat straw and 8.83% in plum sawdust as a result of fermentation with P. florida and P. pulmonarius, respectively. The extent of delignification of the studied substrates was different, ranging from 51.97% after wheat straw fermentation by P. pulmonarius to 4.18% in grapevine sawdust fermented by P. ostreatus. P. pulmonarius was also characterized by the highest cellulose enrichment (6.54) and P. ostreatus by very low one (1.55). The tested biomass is a highly abundant but underutilized source of numerous value-added products, and a cocktail of ligninolytic enzymes of Pleurotus spp. could be useful for its environmentally and economically friendly transformation.
Although the living standard and life expectancy have been increasing significantly, we face nume... more Although the living standard and life expectancy have been increasing significantly, we face numerous arising challenges in modern medicine, such as the presence of increasing exogenous triggers of oxidative stress that lead to the emergence of multiple diseases and disorders, the appearance of an increasing number of resistant microorganisms, an immense number of patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders as well as autoimmune and rare diseases. Therefore, we need the help of natural sources of active compounds, among which mushrooms are important. They have been an integral part of traditional medicine for centuries, and modern research has confirmed their bioactivities and given them a scientific basis. Numerous species, primarily from the genera Ganoderma, Lentinus, Pleurotus, Innonotus, Trametes, Cordyceps, Agaricus, etc., have shown exceptional immunomodulatory, antioxidative, antihypercholesterolemic, antihypertensive, antitumor, antineurodegenerative, antidiabetic, antimicrobial as well as numerous other potentials. Studies have shown that the mushrooms’ crude extracts, as well as various metabolites, especially polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and proteins, possess mentioned activities and thereby could be the basis for the development of new, more efficient drugs. However, numerous problems and challenges need to be overcome before mushrooms from the domain of traditional medicine move into the modern one and become part of conventional therapy. KeywordsBioactivitiesDrug developmentFunctional foodMedicinal mushroomsTraditional medicine
Nowadays, there are huge amounts of lignocellulosic materials left in agroforestry practice, whic... more Nowadays, there are huge amounts of lignocellulosic materials left in agroforestry practice, which can be transformed into useful products. Biomass exploitation could be aiming not only at replacing conventional energy sources but also at preserving biodiversity and natural ecosystems. Five micromycetes were studied with goal to determine their potential to produce active cellulases as well as the ability to decompose pretreated wheat straw and oak sawdust after seven days of solid-state fermentation. Wheat straw was better lignocellulosic substrate than oak sawdust for the production of cellulases in all five micromycetes. Thus, Penicillium solitum BEOFB 1190m has shown to be the best producer of highly active forms of xylanases (7532.36 ? 89.37 U/L). The most active endo- and exocellulases (2299.70 ? 72.17 U/L and 195.66 ? 4.64 U/L, respectively) were produced by Trichoderma harzianum BEOFB 1230m, while the maximal value of ?-glucosidase activity (215.69 ? 3.13 U/L) was detected a...
Laetiporus sulphureus BEOFB 1040 has shown the capacity to produce ligninolytic enzymes and conse... more Laetiporus sulphureus BEOFB 1040 has shown the capacity to produce ligninolytic enzymes and consequently degrade eight common agroforestry residues. The highest activities of Mn-dependent and Mn-independent peroxidases (2079.55 U/L and 492.42 U/L, respectively) were detected after treatment of plum and oak sawdust, while laccases synthesis was inhibited by all tested residues. However, despite laccase absence this brown-rot species was not only a good depolymerizer of cellulose and hemicellulose but also an effective delignifier of selected residues. The highest level of lignin content reduction of 43.09% along with high degradation of holocellulose (35.24% of cellulose and 38.42% of hemicellulose) was noted in raspberry sawdust. On the other hand, a selectivity index of even 4.55 was achieved on wheat straw where only 20.27% of lignin was degraded. Consequently, the highest and the lowest dry matter loss (21.25% and 5.83%) were noted on raspberry sawdust and wheat straw, respective...
The present study aimed to characterize Pleurotus eryngii and P. pulmonarius ligninolytic enzymes... more The present study aimed to characterize Pleurotus eryngii and P. pulmonarius ligninolytic enzymes and to determine their potential for polymer degradation in common agroforestry residues. The peak of laccase activity (36052.33 U L-1) was observed after P. pulmonarius cultivation on oak sawdust. The maximal Mn-dependent peroxidase activity was reached by P. eryngii (2511.36 U L-1), while the highest level of versatile peroxidase activity was noted in P. pulmonarius (3053.03 U L-1), after fermentation of corn stalks. The highest level of lignin loss (46.28%) was achieved after cultivation of P. pulmonarius on corn stalks, but the most selective degradation of lignocellulose polymers was observed after P. eryngii cultivation on wheat straw. The obtained results lead to the conclusion that the studied P. eryngii and P. pulmonarius strains are good producers of ligninolytic enzymes and effective and selective depolymerizers of agroforestry residues, and therefore their use would be benef...
Hypsizygus marmoreus is an edible and medicinal commercially cultivated mushroom, whose ligninoly... more Hypsizygus marmoreus is an edible and medicinal commercially cultivated mushroom, whose ligninolytic potential is still insufficiently known. Therefore, the goals of this study were to profile its Mn-oxidizing peroxidases and laccases activity and its potential to depolymerize common agro-forestry residues. Raspberry and blackberry sawdust induced the production of highly active laccases (26006.83 U L and 17576.79 U L, respectively), while the activity peaks of Mn-dependent peroxidase (134.47 U L) and Mn-independent peroxidase (184.40 U L) were recorded on plum sawdust and wheat straw, respectively. The pretreatment of corn stalks resulted in the highest lignin removal (57.15%), while the highest lignin/cellulose removal ratio (selectivity) was noted on oak sawdust (17.69). The maximal (20%) and the minimal (8.30%) dry matter loss were obtained for corn stalks and oak sawdust, respectively. The presented results showed the exceptional potential of the ligninolytic system of H. marmo...
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Papers by Milica Galic