Transnistria

Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic; Приднестро́вская Молда́вская Респу́блика (Russian); Pridnestróvskaya Moldávskaya Respúblika; Republica Moldovenească Nistreană (tataramon?); Република Молдовеняскэ Нистрянэ (Moldovan Cyrillic); Придністро́вська Молда́вська Респу́бліка (tataramon?); Prydnistróvska Moldávska Respúblika;
	Bandera Coat of arms
	Kanta: ; Мы славим тебя, Приднестровье; My slavim tebya, Pridnestrovie; "We Sing the Praises of Transnistria"
Estado	Unrecognised state
Kapitolyo	Tiraspol; 46°50′25″N 29°38′36″E / 46.84028°N 29.64333°E
Pinakadakulangsyudad	capital
Opisyal na mga tataramon	Russiana; Moldovan; Ukrainian;
Interethnic; language	Russian
Mga etnikong grupo (2015)	29.1% Russians; 28.6% Moldovans; 22.9% Ukrainians; 2.4% Bulgarians; 1.1% Gagauz; 0.5% Belarusians; 0.2% Transnistrians; 1.4% others; (14% did not specify);
Demonym	Transnistrian; Pridnestrovian;
Gobyerno	Unitary presidential republic
• President	Vadim Krasnoselsky
• Prime Minister	Aleksandr Rozenberg
• Speaker of the Supreme Council	Alexander Korshunov
Lehistratura	Supreme Council
Unrecognised state
• Independence from SSR of Moldova declared	2 September 1990
• Independence from Soviet Union declared	25 August 1991
• Succeeds the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic	5 November 1991
• Transnistria War	2 March – 1 July 1992
Area
• Total	4,163 km2 (1,607 sq mi)
• Tubig (%)	2.35
Populasyon
• January 2022 tantya	347,251 (Moldovan estimate)
• 2015 Sensus	475,373
• Densidad	73.5/km2 (190.4/sq mi)
GDP (nominal)	2012 tantya
• Kabuuhan	$1.0 billion
• Per capita	$2,000
Currency	Rubla (PRB)
Sona nin Oras	EET (UTC+2)
• Tig-init (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)
Kodang pan-apod	+373c
ISO 3166 code	MD
	Russian is the main official language.; +373 5 and +373 2.;

An Transntitria, opisyal na an Republikang Moldava Pridnestroviana, iyo an sarong dai minimidbid na masuway na estado na ibinalik sa internasyonal na paagi bilang kabtang kan Moldova. Kontrolado kan Transnistria an kadaklan sa hayakpit na daga sa pag - oltanan kan salog nin Dniester asin kan linderos nin Moldovan-Ukrainian, saka nin daga sa ibong na tampi kan pangpang kan salog. An kabisera asin pinakadakulang siyudad kaini iyo an Tiraspol. An Transnistria naresibe sana kan tolo pang dai pigbibisto o parsiyal na rekonsiyonaryong mga estado: Abkhazia, Artsakh asin South Ossetia. An Transnistria opisyalmente pigdesignar kan Republika nin Moldova bilang Administratibo-Territorial Units kan Walang Tampi kan Dniester (Romano: Unit ⁇ le Administrativ-Teritoriale din stînga Nistrului) o bilang Stînga Nistrului ("Left Bank of the Dniester").^[10]^[11]^[12] An Konsilyo nin Europa ibinibilang an teritoryo na nasa militar na pananakop kan Rusya.

An ginikanan kan rehiyon masususog sa Autonomong Republikang Sosyalista kan Moldova Sobyet, na nabilog kan 1924 sa laog kan Ukraniano SSR. Durante kan Guerra Mundial II, an Unyon Sobyet nag - ako nin mga kabtang kan Moldavian ASSR, na nawara, asin kan Kahadean kan Bessarabia nin Romania tanganing mabilog an Republika Sosyalista kan Moldova Sobyet kan 1940. An presenteng kasaysayan kan rehiyon na dating petsa kan 1990, durante kan pagkatunaw kan Unyon Sobyet, kan an Pridnestrovian na Republikang Sosyalista kan Sobyet maestablisar sa paglaom na iyan magdadanay sa laog kan Unyon Sobyet maninigong hagadon ni Moldova an pagkasararo sa Romania o independensia, an huri nangyari kan Agosto 1991. Dai nahaloy pakatapos kaiyan, nagpoon an ralaban militar sa pag - oltanan kan duwang lado kan Marso 1992 asin suminagkod sa pagpondo kan Hulyo kan taon na iyan.

Bilang kabtang kan kasundoan na pumundo an iriwal, an tolong-partido (Russia, Moldova, Transnistria) an Joint Control Commission an nagpapadalagan kan mga areglo sa seguridad sa demilitarisadong sona, na binibilog nin 20 lokalidad sa man-ibong-ibong na gilid kan salog. Maski ngani dai pa naresolberan an paontokan na kamugtakan sa politika kan teritoryo: An Transntitria sarong dai midbid alagad de facto independienteng republika na may sadiring gobyerno, parlamento, militar, pulis, sistema postal, kuwarta, asin rehistrasyon sa sasakyan.^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17] An mga autoridad kaiyan nag - ako nin konstitusyon, bandera, himno nasyonal, asin coat of arms. Pagkatapos kan 2005 na kasunduan sa pag - ultanan kan Moldova asin Ukraine, an gabos na kompanyang Transnistrian na naghihinguwang mag - eksportar sa linderos kan Ukraine dapat na irehistro kaiba kan mga awtoridad sa Moldova. An kasunduan na ini ipigimplementar pagkatapos kan European Union Border Assistant Mission to Moldova asin Ukraine (EUBAM) an nagkapot nin pwersa kan 2005. Kadaklan sa mga Transnitrians igwang pagkanamamanwaan nin Moldova, alagad dakol man an igwang Ruso, Romaniano, o Ucrainianong pagkanamamanwaan.^[18] An mga pangenot na etnikong grupo iyo an mga Ruso, Moldovas/Romanos, asin Ucrainiano.

An Transntitria, kaiba si Abkhazia, Habagatan na Ossetia, asin Artsakh, sarong post-Soviet na "frozen conflict" na sona.^[19] An apat na ini parsiyal na rinerekonoser o dai minimidbid na mga estado na ini nagpapadanay nin makikatood na relasyon sa lambang saro asin minabilog kan Komunidad para sa Demokrasya asin Diretso nin mga Nasyon.

Toltolan

↑ Smoltczyk, Alexander (24 April 2014). "Hopes Rise in Transnistria of a Russian Annexation". Der Spiegel. http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/transnistria-soviet-leftover-or-russian-foothold-in-europe-a-965801.html. "The breakaway region has its own military, its own constitution, a national anthem (called "We Sing the Praises of Transnistria") and a symphony orchestra which is known abroad."
↑ "On the situation of Russian schools in Moldova". OSCE. 14 July 2011.
↑ "Law of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic on the Functioning of Languages on the Territory of the Moldavian SSR". U.S. English Foundation Research. 2016. Archived from the original on 21 September 2016. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ "Russian language in Moldova could lose their status (Русский язык в Молдове может потерять свой статус)". KORRESPONDENT. 6 April 2013.
↑ The Supreme Soviet changed the official name of the republic from Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic to Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic on 5 November 1991. See: "Postanovlenie verkhovnogo soveta Pridnestrovskoi Moldavskoi Respubliki ob izmenenii nazvaniia respubliki," Dnestrovskaia pravda, 6 November 1991, 1.
↑ "Peste 338 mii de locuitori din regiunea Transnistria, dețin cetățenia Republicii Moldova". www.gov.md/ro. Guvernul Republicii Moldova (Biroul Politici de Reintegrare). 3 January 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
↑ Error sa pag-cite: Imbalidong <ref> tatak; mayong teksto na ipinagtao para sa reperensiya na pinagngaranan na 2015census
↑ "An aided economy. The characteristics of the Transnistrian economic model". Osw.waw.pl. 16 May 2013. Retrieved 2022-06-24.
↑ "В ПМР российский флаг разрешили использовать наравне с государственным" (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 12 April 2017.
↑ Law No. 173 from 22 July 2005 "About main notes about special legal status of settlements of left bank of Dnestr (Transnistria)": Romanian Archived 2013-01-15 at the Wayback Machine., Russian Archived 2013-01-15 at the Wayback Machine.
↑ Herd, Graeme P.; Moroney, Jennifer D. P. (2003). Security Dynamics in the Former Soviet Bloc. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-29732-X.
↑ Zielonka, Jan (2001). Democratic Consolidation in Eastern Europe. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-924409-X.
↑ Article 55 of the Constitution of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
↑ Jos Boonstra, Senior Researcher, Democratisation Programme, FRIDE.
↑ Hinteregger, Gerald; Heinrich, Hans-Georg (2004). Russia – Continuity and Change. Springer. p. 174. ISBN 3-211-22391-6.
↑ Rosenstiel, Francis; Lejard, Edith; Boutsavath, Jean; Martz, Jacques (2002). Annuaire Europeen 2000/European Yearbook 2000. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 90-411-1844-6.
↑ Bartmann, Barry; Tozun, Bahcheli (2004). De Facto States: The Quest for Sovereignty. Routledge. ISBN 0-7146-5476-0.
↑ Der n-tv Atlas.
↑ OSCE: De Gucht Discusses Montenegro Referendum, Frozen Conflicts, GlobalSecurity.org, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, May 2006

Sarong tamboan an artikulong ini. Makakatabang ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpoon kaining pahina.

Error sa pag-cite: <ref> mga tatak na eksistido para sa sarong grupo na pinagngaranan na "lower-alpha", alagad mayong kinasungkoan na <mga pinapanungdanan na grupo="lower-alpha"/>na tatak an nanagboan, o sarong panarado </ref> an nawawara

[1] Smoltczyk, Alexander (24 April 2014). "Hopes Rise in Transnistria of a Russian Annexation". Der Spiegel. http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/transnistria-soviet-leftover-or-russian-foothold-in-europe-a-965801.html. "The breakaway region has its own military, its own constitution, a national anthem (called "We Sing the Praises of Transnistria") and a symphony orchestra which is known abroad."

[OSCE2011-2] "On the situation of Russian schools in Moldova". OSCE. 14 July 2011.

[Law_of_the_Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_on_the_Functioning_of_Languages_on_the_Territory_of_the_Moldavian_SSR-3] "Law of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic on the Functioning of Languages on the Territory of the Moldavian SSR". U.S. English Foundation Research. 2016. Archived from the original on 21 September 2016. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[KOR-4] "Russian language in Moldova could lose their status (Русский язык в Молдове может потерять свой статус)". KORRESPONDENT. 6 April 2013.

[6] The Supreme Soviet changed the official name of the republic from Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic to Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic on 5 November 1991. See: "Postanovlenie verkhovnogo soveta Pridnestrovskoi Moldavskoi Respubliki ob izmenenii nazvaniia respubliki," Dnestrovskaia pravda, 6 November 1991, 1.

[7] "Peste 338 mii de locuitori din regiunea Transnistria, dețin cetățenia Republicii Moldova". www.gov.md/ro. Guvernul Republicii Moldova (Biroul Politici de Reintegrare). 3 January 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.

[2015census-8] Error sa pag-cite: Imbalidong <ref> tatak; mayong teksto na ipinagtao para sa reperensiya na pinagngaranan na 2015census

[9] "An aided economy. The characteristics of the Transnistrian economic model". Osw.waw.pl. 16 May 2013. Retrieved 2022-06-24.

[10] "В ПМР российский флаг разрешили использовать наравне с государственным" (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 12 April 2017.

[12] Law No. 173 from 22 July 2005 "About main notes about special legal status of settlements of left bank of Dnestr (Transnistria)": Romanian Archived 2013-01-15 at the Wayback Machine., Russian Archived 2013-01-15 at the Wayback Machine.

[13] Herd, Graeme P.; Moroney, Jennifer D. P. (2003). Security Dynamics in the Former Soviet Bloc. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-29732-X.

[14] Zielonka, Jan (2001). Democratic Consolidation in Eastern Europe. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-924409-X.

[15] Article 55 of the Constitution of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic

[16] Jos Boonstra, Senior Researcher, Democratisation Programme, FRIDE.

[17] Hinteregger, Gerald; Heinrich, Hans-Georg (2004). Russia – Continuity and Change. Springer. p. 174. ISBN 3-211-22391-6.

[18] Rosenstiel, Francis; Lejard, Edith; Boutsavath, Jean; Martz, Jacques (2002). Annuaire Europeen 2000/European Yearbook 2000. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 90-411-1844-6.

[DFSTATES-19] Bartmann, Barry; Tozun, Bahcheli (2004). De Facto States: The Quest for Sovereignty. Routledge. ISBN 0-7146-5476-0.

[20] Der n-tv Atlas.

[21] OSCE: De Gucht Discusses Montenegro Referendum, Frozen Conflicts, GlobalSecurity.org, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, May 2006

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[lower-alpha 1]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]