Lincoln Wood
The University of Auckland, Graduate School of Management, Faculty Member
The automotive sector must meet strict regulations to increase mobility while reducing emissions to demonstrate environmental stewardship. Trust in the promise of a sustainable Fahrvergnügen was broken with recent scandals like Dieselgate... more
The automotive sector must meet strict regulations to increase mobility while reducing emissions to demonstrate environmental stewardship. Trust in the promise of a sustainable Fahrvergnügen was broken with recent scandals like Dieselgate denting the confidence of regulators and consumers. Overpromising on sustainable innovative technology resulted in unethical behaviour, deceit, and failure to meet promised standards. We consider to what extent societal disapproval was evident in the stock market reaction to these events.
We sampled 41 announcements (1984 to 2016) and observed a mean stock market reaction of -1.01%. There was no difference in the stock reaction in firms failing governmental vs. voluntary standards and more negative reactions for events following Dieselgate or when compensation was offered. The severity of the reaction to unethical misuse of environmental credentials should encourage maintaining promised environmental performances as a macromarketing strategy.
We sampled 41 announcements (1984 to 2016) and observed a mean stock market reaction of -1.01%. There was no difference in the stock reaction in firms failing governmental vs. voluntary standards and more negative reactions for events following Dieselgate or when compensation was offered. The severity of the reaction to unethical misuse of environmental credentials should encourage maintaining promised environmental performances as a macromarketing strategy.
Research Interests:
Past toy recalls have led to an increase in consumer concerns while toy manufacturers and retailers increasingly outsource and create longer supply chains, making it more challenging for them to ensure toy safety. This article examines... more
Past toy recalls have led to an increase in consumer concerns while toy manufacturers and retailers increasingly outsource and create longer supply chains, making it more challenging for them to ensure toy safety. This article examines firms making toy recall announcements to assess the impact operational characteristics have on the negative stock market reaction to the announcement. 135 toy recall announcements in the U.S. from 1979-2016 were analyzed using event study and cross-sectional regression. While a toy recall announcement results in a negative stock market reaction, our results show that greater levels of business diversification, inventory slack, and a longer time to recall are all associated with a less negative stock market reaction. In contrast, greater capacity slack is associated with a more negative stock market reaction. We find no evidence that geographic diversification or financial slack influences the stock market reaction, nor have reactions changed appreciably over time. This article contributes to the product harm and product recall literature by focusing on these operational elements. Managers should be aware of the benefits of greater slack and business diversification while planning their business, and the impact of a longer time to recall.
Research Interests:
This research explores how perceived consumer benefits affect the perceived privacy risks from implementation of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags at an item-level in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry. Two new... more
This research explores how perceived consumer benefits affect the perceived privacy risks from implementation of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags at an item-level in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry. Two new categories measure the benefits and risks: in-store and after-sales. These specific categories allow the respondents' willingness to accept RFID to be evaluated using a quantitative survey focused on the primary household grocery purchasers within the USA. The results suggest differences in perceptions of the in-store and after-sales risks and benefits of RFID use. While consumers' are aware of privacy risks while using RFID technology, they would be willing to use the technology if sufficient benefits are available. This research moves the discussion away from a focus on consumer privacy issues to a balanced privacy/benefits approach for consumers and how that might affect their technology acceptance, suggesting that careful management of consumer benefits might allow FMCG firms to introduce RFID technology to support their global supply chains.
Research Interests:
Efficient decisions along the supply chain have traditionally demanded sophisticated information sharing processes. Even with decades of research on theoretical and practical developments on integrating systems and stakeholders, in... more
Efficient decisions along the supply chain have traditionally demanded sophisticated information sharing processes. Even with decades of research on theoretical and practical developments on integrating systems and stakeholders, in practice, we still seem to struggle to achieve full transparency and mitigate inefficiency challenges. We explore the emerging sentiment analysis technique to augment sales and operations planning (S&OP) with currently unavailable exogenous information. Even though sentiment analysis has gained traction, a comprehensive application in supply chains has not yet been attempted. Relevant topics are reviewed to allow an examination of the key relationships in a process framework, grounded in dual-process and bullwhip effect theory. Our proposed conceptual framework extends our conception of sentiment analysis integration to improve supply chain decisions and performance. The framework addresses managers interested in developing additional analytical capabilities and researchers to initiate further empirical research on the potential held by sentiment analysis in supply chain research.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
A theme that emerges from the empirical literature into the impact of road traffic congestion on supply chains is the compounding effect of consignee behaviour on distribution costs: even as congestion levels rise, customers of... more
A theme that emerges from the empirical literature into the impact of road traffic congestion on supply chains is the compounding effect of consignee behaviour on distribution costs: even as congestion levels rise, customers of manufacturers/distributors replenish product on a just-in-time (JIT) basis, which further drives up distribution costs. The reluctance of customers to receive shipments outside business hours exacerbates the distribution task. Since the isolation of the impact of congestion on logistics costs is not always easy, organisations may be tempted to unjustifiably impute rising logistics costs to congestion.Through continuous approximation models, the present research aims to clarify the relative impact of relevant dimensions of consignee behaviour, particularly, JIT replenishment and the length of the workday, and traffic congestion on distribution costs. A critical element of such modelling is the estimation of the required number of vehicles, which in turn depends on the average daily number of commercial trip chains per vehicle. We identify two polar cases. In one case, the estimation of this number is trivial and therefore enables further analysis, including the quantification of the relative impact of congestion on distribution costs and the deduction of empirically testable hypotheses. The other case is considerably less tractable; we consider a specific instance of this case that was broadly relevant to one of the companies that participated in the research. A simulation experiment using real-world data from a NZ manufacturer–distributor serves to validate our analysis.
Existing research on service supply chains assumes the existence of an established and mature chain. Empirical or conceptual insights into service supply chain formation are therefore limited. The initial formation of a service supply... more
Existing research on service supply chains assumes the existence of an established and mature chain. Empirical or conceptual insights into service supply chain formation are therefore limited. The initial formation of a service supply chain, however, is suspected to determine its future performance. It is therefore of significant academic and managerial value to understand how and why service supply chains are formed, and how this process is coordinated. Drawing on an exploratory case study set in the management consulting industry, the inductive theory-building process underlying this study culminates in propositions and a conceptual model that provides a distinct understanding of service supply chain formation and the coordination mechanisms utilized within each stage. This study contributes to the service science, service supply chains, and service sourcing literatures, outlines managerial implications, and proposes future research directions.
Research Interests:
With the flexibility and variety of commonly available contemporary educational technology, we are able to increase the emphasis on the design of learning experiences based on immersion in virtual learning spaces. As instructional design... more
With the flexibility and variety of commonly available contemporary educational technology, we are able to increase the emphasis on the design of learning experiences based on immersion in virtual learning spaces. As instructional design models become more commonplace we examine their role vis-à-vis the fidelity of the learning experience. High-fidelity experiences are known to be valuable in learning as they provide authenticity in learning and motivation; yet, high fidelity comes at the cost of greater investment. In this paper, we outline our experiments with two setups of differing levels of fidelity: one using Second Life and the other the consumer-focused Oculus Rift Head-Mounted Display (HMD). We show qualitatively interpreted comments and user responses to demonstrate importance of the level of fidelity, uncover important elements, and relate the fidelity to the learning experience. High-fidelity experiences can be supported by software and hardware that are now readily available but present the seductive opportunity to greatly improve participant engagement in the virtual environments presented.
Research Interests:
We outline the use of sentiment analysis as a tool for demand planning in sales and operations planning (S&OP). First, we explain how S&OP functions and the reliance on cooperation or collaboration with other firms to gain information. We... more
We outline the use of sentiment analysis as a tool for demand planning in sales and operations planning (S&OP). First, we explain how S&OP functions and the reliance on cooperation or collaboration with other firms to gain information. We introduce sentiment analysis and show its value in determining marketplace-changes which feed into supply chains. We show how sentiment analysis supports data acquisition independent of other firms in the supply chain; incorporated into S&OP, these data can support preparation for changing requirements. While demonstrated in marketing, this concept remains unproven in supply chain research. We believe this is the first assertion and examination of how sentiment analysis can support effective S&OP but further empirical research is required to validate this concept.
The wide use of tensioned membrane structures (TMS) becomes prominent in many designs because of its aesthetic, ergonomic, and economical nature. Recently, TMS has been applied in the tropics with success, yet defects specific to this... more
The wide use of tensioned membrane structures (TMS) becomes prominent in many designs because of its aesthetic, ergonomic, and economical nature. Recently, TMS has been applied in the tropics with success, yet defects specific to this region have received little attention. Through a questionnaire survey of 890 uses and technicians of TMS in three different areas in Malaysia, this study identified the most frequently occurring TMS defects in the tropics, such as "deterioration of roof coatings", "corrosion or fatigue in fixings", "fungal decay, mould growth, and dirt in membrane", "corrosion in anchor cables", and "degradation of fabrics". These defects are quite different from those in other climatic zones. The top five causes of TMS defects in the tropics are weather, aging, design, construction/installation, and material selection. However, only "corrosion or fatigue in fixings" is a significant predictor for "deterioration of roof coatings". While this is not a causal effect, a practical implication is that TMS maintenance workers do not have to climb up to the roof to check the deterioration in coating but only need to predict the deterioration through the corrosion levels of the fixings. Further, seven countermeasures for TMS in tropic are recommended. This study is the first comprehensive study examining tensioned membrane structure defects in the tropics.
Research Interests:
Software development failures frequently emerge as a result of the failure to understand and identify risks. The aim of this paper is to identify the most salient risk factors during a software development project lifecycle, in terms of... more
Software development failures frequently emerge as a result of the failure to understand and identify risks. The aim of this paper is to identify the most salient risk factors during a software development project lifecycle, in terms of occurrence likelihood and impacts on cost overrun. A questionnaire survey was circulated to 2000 software development companies, IT consultancy and management companies, and web development companies in the UK, USA, Europe, India, China, Japan, Canada, Australia and Asian countries. This asked respondents to evaluate a number of risk factors. However, many factors were closely related and so we apply a factor reduction and clustering process to allow a smaller number of crucial risk factors to be identified. The three main clusters of risk factors identified in this study are ‘feasibility study’, ‘project team management’, and ‘technology requirements’. While ‘feasibility study’ may be unlikely to occur it can have significant impact on outcomes; ‘project team management’ is likely to occur but has relatively little impact on outcomes in comparison to ‘technology requirements’. Professionals will need to carefully check and balance these factors and generate a risk mitigation plan to reduce the severity of the project failures. These results allow them to connect the probability of occurrence and overall impact to focus their scarce resources on reducing the most pertinent risks in their project.
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There are three distinct functions in the product realization chain – product design, process design, and process execution; thus there are two interfaces (product design – process design; process design – process execution) rather than... more
There are three distinct functions in the product realization chain – product design, process design, and process execution; thus there are two interfaces (product design – process design; process design – process execution) rather than one (product - manufacturing). Case studies of four organizations manufacturing high-tech products in New Zealand are explored to study the organization of process design functions and success strategies. Similarities in structuring, relationships between functional groups, and the methods for product and process design implementation are investigated. De-coupling of process design functions occurs best with high volume production with stable process technology – an infrequent situation with high-tech NZ manufacturers.
The development of Malay reserve land is a nationwide issue which can be overcome through better understanding of the existing barriers. While many barriers have been examined, the challenges relating to land owner expectations and... more
The development of Malay reserve land is a nationwide issue which can be overcome through better understanding of the existing barriers. While many barriers have been examined, the challenges relating to land owner expectations and preferences has not been thoroughly examined. Using Kg Sungai Penchala in the capital city Kuala Lumpur as a case, this research used a structured interview survey of 258 respondents representing both owners and tenants. Statistical analysis demonstrates that majority of the land owners (individuals) rejected the idea to further develop the land. The land owners preferred to maintain the village status quo and they were satisfied with the current development level in the village. Only a minority of respondents agreed that the land should be developed and instead perceived that re-development of this Malay Reserve Land of Kg Sungai Penchala would be able to raise their quality of life. The restriction is much preferred by the land owners who preferred the current style of village living. Thus, immediate re-development of the area is not warranted and the preference of the land owners represents a strong barrier.
Research Interests:
A quality tool in achieving the required quality and customer satisfaction of the industrialized building system (IBS) is needed. Aiming to develop a general quality function deployment (QFD) model to enhance the adoption of IBS in... more
A quality tool in achieving the required quality and customer satisfaction of the industrialized building system (IBS) is needed. Aiming to develop a general quality function deployment (QFD) model to enhance the adoption of IBS in housing projects, two sets of structured questionnaires were designed, where the first set for IBS house occupiers and the second set of construction stakeholders. Frequency distribution, arithmetic measure, gap analysis, Pareto analysis, and QFD application were employed to identify the customer satisfaction factors and the IBS adoption strategies. A general QFD model was developed based on the “quality” matrix (Q-Matrix), “function” matrix (F-Matrix), and a combination of “quality” matrix plus “function” matrix (QF-Matrix) derived from this study. Customer satisfaction with IBS products could enhance the demand for this kind of building automation system, thus the model could be used more objectively in developing, designing and managing IBS in the global construction industry, especially in the current economic recession and recovery phase.
Research Interests:
A foreign contractor can resort to a partnering or joint-venture strategy with a host contracting firm to bid for a major international construction project. This paper presents a case study in the Bahrain FORMULA-1 Circuit (BFC) project... more
A foreign contractor can resort to a partnering or joint-venture strategy with a
host contracting firm to bid for a major international construction project. This paper
presents a case study in the Bahrain FORMULA-1 Circuit (BFC) project focusing mainly
on its tendering and construction stages, which is lacking in literatures. Findings illustrate
that the success in such an international pact include: advanced technical and engineering
expertise; selection of a committed partner; management expertise; creating and sustaining
good working environment; appropriate risk management; maintaining a reliable international
materials supply chain; and efficient project planning and tracking system. Management
expertise is the most important factor because of the peculiarities and problems of
international projects. This case study is able to assist practitioners to devise their own
approach in overcoming the challenges and dynamic influences in the international
construction market.
host contracting firm to bid for a major international construction project. This paper
presents a case study in the Bahrain FORMULA-1 Circuit (BFC) project focusing mainly
on its tendering and construction stages, which is lacking in literatures. Findings illustrate
that the success in such an international pact include: advanced technical and engineering
expertise; selection of a committed partner; management expertise; creating and sustaining
good working environment; appropriate risk management; maintaining a reliable international
materials supply chain; and efficient project planning and tracking system. Management
expertise is the most important factor because of the peculiarities and problems of
international projects. This case study is able to assist practitioners to devise their own
approach in overcoming the challenges and dynamic influences in the international
construction market.
Research Interests:
Virtual worlds are rapidly gaining acceptance in educational settings; with bots play an important role in these environments to help learners. Authentic learning can be significantly supported by bots to help self-guided learning in... more
Virtual worlds are rapidly gaining acceptance in educational settings; with bots play an important role in these environments to help learners. Authentic learning can be significantly supported by bots to help self-guided learning in authentic tasks. In this paper, we investigate what is stopping educators from making more use of bots as a valuable resource. We seek the expertise of six educators, who used educational bots, to find an answer to this question. While they have ‘big plans’ for bot use, the current implementations are ‘low-level’ and restrictive in their application. There is further confusion about appropriate pedagogical models and how to use them effectively as more than ‘prompters’ or ‘extras’. While creation and control technologies are advancing, allowing use of bots as a ‘hard technology’ to guide learners through routine procedures; there is a lack of resources for automation as intelligence technologies are slower to develop and may require future partnerships with external parties before they are available useable by general educators.
Research Interests:
One major element of supply chain management education is helping learners to grasp the complexity, the challenges, and the efficient management of the multiple dimensions in supply chains. Each decision made can ‘ripple’ through supply... more
One major element of supply chain management education is helping learners to grasp the complexity, the challenges, and the efficient management of the multiple dimensions in supply chains. Each decision made can ‘ripple’ through supply chains and have serious repercussions that may include causing millions of dollars in damage or triggering a chain of events that degrade the quality of life for people, society, or the environment. We can teach relevant theory and train learners for some situations that do not require immediate responses. However, we remain disadvantaged by the constraints of time and space; observation of a real supply chain is often unpractical, and lengthy times for transports exceeding any class duration. In this paper, we present the nDiVE project which creates a supply chain story to immerse learners, provide an authentic experience in a realistic environment, and apply traditional and advanced gamification mechanisms to engage and motivate learners.
A variety of teaching methods and supportive tools are at a lecturer’s disposal. Comprehensive knowledge of such methods and tools and their effective use can enrich students’ lecture experiences and increase their ability as well as... more
A variety of teaching methods and supportive tools are at a lecturer’s disposal. Comprehensive knowledge of such methods and tools and their effective use can enrich students’ lecture experiences and increase their ability as well as willingness to learn. Teaching in a team requires patience and time commitment from all staff involved but can prove to be a good approach to iteratively elevate the quality of course content as well as course delivery. Actively engaging students in a lecture environment and usage of methods that encourage class participation are additional facilitators that can yield a richer learning experience. Employing a pedagogical as well as an expert focus in combination is found to be a valid approach for continuous teaching improvement in a university environment. These insights are based on findings and experiences gained from several semester of teaching an introductory course to operations management in a team setting but may be regarded as partially generalisable and applicable to other teaching requirements.