Books by Marek Hladík
The book complements the web-map application ‘Historická krajina na strednom Pomoraví’ https://a... more The book complements the web-map application ‘Historická krajina na strednom Pomoraví’ https://arcg.is/0afXrW. The Book contains information from the interactive map and is expanded by a more comprehensive view of the interdisciplinary research of the historical landscape on the middle and lower course of the Morava River. While the interactive map integrates many graphic materials and resources and offers access to other online sources of information, this book presents detailed principles, methodology and actions taken, as well as basic research hypotheses and questions of our research into the historical landscape on the middle and lower course of the Morava River.
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The large-format, image-rich publication complements the parallel published interactive map of th... more The large-format, image-rich publication complements the parallel published interactive map of the Great Moravian agglomeration of Mikulčice–Valy. The main goal of both outputs is the collection of spatial knowledge about Mikulčice as a key location of Great Moravian research in the Czech Republic with almost 70 years of archaeological field research. We know the shape of the hillfort and a number of localities in its immediate vicinity nearby and wider background, we have hundreds of thousands of finds in the form of artefacts and eco-facts available. The book atlas and the interactive map are intended to spatially visualize these collected findings and make them clearly accessible to the scientific community and interested members of the general public.
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A part of the Great Moravian settlement and cemetery was excavated in 2010–2015 on the sand dune ... more A part of the Great Moravian settlement and cemetery was excavated in 2010–2015 on the sand dune in the peripheral zone of the early medieval central agglomeration of Mikulčice-Valy. The presented publication provides the results of archaeological fieldwork at the Trapíkov site and an interpretation of the data, which expands the knowledge of the socio-economic relationships of the 9th–10th-century society. Based on the results of the interdisciplinary research (archaeology, archaeobotany, archaeozoology, geoarchaeology, radiocarbon dating, isotope analyses and anthropology), the authors present the archaeological model of the relationships between the Great Moravian centres and their economic hinterland and discuss the basic parameters of the rural economy along with the organisational and functional principles of Great Moravia.
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Kniha přináší stručný přehled nejvýznamnějších archeologických lokalit 9. století v nejbližším ok... more Kniha přináší stručný přehled nejvýznamnějších archeologických lokalit 9. století v nejbližším okolí slovanského hradiště v Mikulčicích. Mikulčické „Valy“ – přední centrum Velké Moravy – zkoumají pracovníci brněnského Archeologického ústavu Akademie věd již od roku 1954. Paralelně s tímto výzkumem se archeologové z mikulčického detašovaného pracoviště ústavu věnují od roku 1975 intenzivně také velkomoravským lokalitám v prostoru předpokládaného hospodářského zázemí centra. Archeologické výzkumy neopevněných prvků sídelní sítě v okolí centra – sídlišť i pohřebišť – přinášejí neocenitelné informace pro poznání celé velkomoravské společnosti, především její socioekonomické struktury. Protože konkrétních písemných pramenů je málo a jejich výpověď je v tomto směru omezená, klademe si otázku „jak to celé vlastně na Velké Moravě fungovalo?“. Dnes víme, že tato otázka v sobě ukrývá velké množství témat dotýkajících se různých aspektů života populace 9. století. Moderní archeologii spolupracující s řadou exaktních, zejména přírodovědných oborů se otevírají právě na tomto poli zcela nové možnosti poznání.
V předkládaném pátém svazku ediční řady Mikulčice-průvodce se čtenář postupně seznámí s nejlépe prozkoumanými velkomoravskými sídlišti a pohřebišti v okolí Mikulčic, a to v rámci abecedně uspořádaných katastrálních území na české i slovenské straně řeky Moravy. Ještě předtím – v úvodu knihy – se pozornost upře k historické krajině a vývoji bádání od jeho počátků v minulém století až po aplikaci moderních archeologických metod v rámci takzvané krajinné a prostorové archeologie. V závěru knihy čtenář najde interpretační modely, pomocí nichž lze názorně vysvětlit hlavní rysy hospodářských a sociálních vztahů mikulčického centra s jeho hospodářským zázemím.
The book provides a brief overview of the most important archeological sites of the 9th century in the immediate vicinity of the Slavic fortified settlement in Mikulčice. Mikulčice „Valy“ - the leading center of Great Moravia - has been researched by the staff of the Archaeological Institute of Brno of the Academy of Sciences since 1954. Archaeological research of unfortified settlements and burial grounds provides information for understanding the whole Great Moravian society, especially its socio-economic structure. In the book, the reader will gradually get acquainted with the best-explored Great Moravian settlements and burial grounds in the vicinity of Mikulčice, within the alphabetically arranged cadastral areas on the Czech and Slovak side of the Morava River. Even before that - in the introduction to the book - attention is focused on the historical landscape and the development of research from its beginnings in the last century to the application of modern archaeological methods in the so-called landscape and spatial archeology. At the end of the book, the reader will find interpretive models, which can be used to clearly explain the main patterns of economic and social relations of the center of Mikulčice with its economic hinterland.
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In Mikulčice and Its Hinterland, Marek Hladík presents an archaeological model of social and econ... more In Mikulčice and Its Hinterland, Marek Hladík presents an archaeological model of social and economic relations in Great Moravia, which is built on an analysis of the settlement structure near one of the most significant centres of Great Moravia, the Mikulčice-Valy agglomeration. The book offers the first systematic and conceptual view of Mikulčice’s relations with its economic hinterland. The author uses multidisciplinary research to interpret and understand the importance of the natural environment for the landscape settlement strategy, and to understand the relations between the fortified centre and its rural surroundings. Important methodological tools used by the author to answer the examined questions include non-destructive archaeological research, statistical modelling, and spatial analyses in the GIS environment.
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Volume IX of Studien zum Burgwall von Mikulčice (SBM) presents for the first time within this pub... more Volume IX of Studien zum Burgwall von Mikulčice (SBM) presents for the first time within this publication series the analysis of ‚hard‘ data related to archaeological context of one of the important, naturally delimited part of the early medieval agglomeration in Mikulčice – the extramural settlement (suburbium). Five of eight documented settlement areas of the suburbium are analysed in detail, evaluated and finally compared to each other. This publication, based on the critical post-excavation analysis of both old (1954-1992) and recent archaeological fieldwork complemented by the results of archaeobotanical analysis, brings relevant and relatively representative archaeological picture of the studied extramural settlement in Mikulčice. It contributes to the knowledge of the so-called minor settlement areas of early medieval strongholds, traditionally associated with crafts and partly with agriculture, but generally with provision of services to the power centres.
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The book explores the phenomenon of wooden structures in Great Moravian graves at burial sites lo... more The book explores the phenomenon of wooden structures in Great Moravian graves at burial sites located near important centres, such as Mikulčice and Pohansko, and in peripheral areas (North Moravia). The objective is to describe and reconstruct grave arrangements and to present a theoretical model of social and economic relationships of individuals buried in different types of graves, economic or religious significance of grave arrangements, and the value of this phenomenon in terms of chronology. In addition to the basic categorisation and quantification of the studied phenomenon in relation to other burial rite attributes (using Dell Statistica on the analytical level and IBM SPSS, using ArcGIS on the geoinformational level), the work applies new research methods focused on mathematical testing of theoretical models, in particular, modelling using structural equations (IBM SPSS AMOS). Given the nature of the processed data, the modelling process uses non-parametric tests of the quality of models (bootstrap simulations). The objective is to develop stable theoretical models, which can be used to create a meaningful narrative interpretation, and also to discuss the possibilities and limitations of multidimensional reductions of analytical space, such as factor analysis or principal component analysis, which are used in archaeology very frequently, but not always properly. The work is concluded with a narrative model of structure, function (in socio-economic relations), frequency of use and chronology of wooden structures in Great Moravian graves.
Práce zkoumá fenomén úprav hrobových jam a dřevěných konstrukcí ve velkomoravských hrobech pocházejících z pohřebišť ležících v okolí významných center jako Mikulčice a Pohansko, jakož i z pohřebišť v periferních oblastech (severní Morava). Cílem je popsat a rekonstruovat podobu dřevěných konstrukcí a předložit teoretický model sociálních a ekonomických vztahů jedinců pohřbených v jednotlivých typech hrobových konstrukcí, posoudit ekonomický či religiózní význam dřevěných konstrukcí, jakož i o výpovědní hodnotu tohoto fenoménu z hlediska chronologie. Kromě základní kategorizace a kvantifikace úprav hrobových jam a dřevěných konstrukcí ve vztahu k jiným atributům pohřebního ritu (v analytické rovině s použitím softwarů Dell Statistica a IBM SPSS, v geoinformačních rovině s použitím softwaru ArcGIS) jsou v práci aplikovány nové výzkumné metody, které jsou zaměřeny na matematické testování teoretických modelů. Jde především o modelování pomocí strukturálních rovnic (software IBM SPSS AMOS). V procesu modelování jsou vzhledem k charakteru dat, se kterými je pracováno, využity neparametrický testy kvality modelů (bootstrapové simulace). Kromě cíle budovat stabilní teoretické modely, na jejichž základě je smysluplné tvořit narativní interpretaci, je významnou pohnutkou tohoto postupu diskuze o možnostech a omezeních v archeologii dosud velmi často, ale ne vždy korektně, používaných vícerozměrných redukcí analytického prostoru, jako jsou například faktorová analýza či analýza hlavních komponentů. V závěru práce je prezentován narativní model vlastních konstrukcí, funkce (v socioekonomických relacích), frekvence užívání, jakož i chronologie dřevěných konstrukcí ve velkomoravských hrobech.
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The book is completion of dissertation, which is also published on this site. The biggest changes... more The book is completion of dissertation, which is also published on this site. The biggest changes are in Chapter 8. In this chapter, I present a more comprehensive synthesized data and interpretation of the data as in the dissertation. Partly finalized, are also theoretical and methodological bases of research (Chapter 2-4).
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The objective of this work is to inform you about our current research focused on construction of... more The objective of this work is to inform you about our current research focused on construction of settlement structures in hinterland of Early Medieval stronghold in Mikulčice. Author present theoretical and methodological foundations, tested hypotheses and research objectives, research methodology, basic time and space scope, research status and conclusions. The research methodology is based on spatial archaeology and the settlement areas theory. The main principle of research is the analysis of the relationship between formal archaeological data and the respective geographic space. An important step is archaeological predictive modelling and testing of models created by inserting new data. In practical terms, the research is based on work in the GIS environment. I proceed in the following way with the practical research. The starting point is the first general model – definition of hypotheses that are to be tested. The second step is creation of the first preliminary model (parametric and quantitative description of all components of the settlement network). The model is tested in two steps: in the first phase, the field research within defined microregions concentrates on areas with lower density of components; in the second phase, the field research concentrates especially on the areas that are optimal for Early Medieval settlements in terms of natural conditions. The aim of the research in define territory is to (re)construct the settlement forms and structures (synchronous view) and study the development of the settlement system (diachronous view). The basic issues I will focus on in this work are as follows: A) empirical observation of the phenomena – quantification of the functional elements (components) of the settlement structure in a defined space and time at the level of the inanimate units of the archaeological culture; B) analysis of the phenomena as inanimate units of the archaeological culture – following the development of the relationship between the functional elements (components, settlement complexes, non-residential complexes) of the settlement structure and selected individual environmental variables (ecological parameters) and understanding the boundaries of the historical settlement complexes; C) interpretation in terms of live culture and historical society – (re)construction of the settlement pattern in a given space and time, understanding how the settlement structure reacted to cultural, political, and economic changes (to changes in ownership) and exploration of the mental patterns in the settlement structure – the effect of cultural, political, and economic changes on symbolic aspects of the landscape.
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Book Chapters by Marek Hladík
Elity, Velkomoravské elity z Mikulčic, 2022
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Elity, Velkomoravské elity z Mikulčic, 2022
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The Routledge Handbook of East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1300. , 2022
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Great Moravian Elites From Mikulčice, 2020
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Great Moravian Elites From Mikulčice, 2020
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Das Suburbuim des Burgwalls von Mikulčice, 2019
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Das Suburbuim des Burgwalls von Mikulčice, 2019
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Das Suburbuim des Burgwalls von Mikulčice, 2019
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This chapter is an archaeological report on the results of the excavation carried out around the ... more This chapter is an archaeological report on the results of the excavation carried out around the fi lled-up river branch
and bridge No. 1 in Mikulčice in 2012 (excavation B 2012). The main aim of the research was to complete the fi eld
works at bridge No. 1, which was discovered during the large-scale excavations performed at the defunct river channel
in front of the NW gate of the bailey in 1966-1968. At the same time, the question of how the river channel developed
at the site of the bridge was investigated, as well as the topic of the settlement in the wider area between the bailey and
the north-western suburb. Presented along with the interpretation of the movable fi nds from the defunct river branch
were two possible variants on how the settlement developed in relation to the gradual fi lling-up of the river channel.
After analysing the fi nd circumstances in area B 2012, the authors inclined towards the second variant and thus revised
the existing theories concerning the evolution of sedimentation in the area of the extinct riverbed. This has helped to
resolve some key questions regarding the existence and demise of the power centre in Mikulčice.
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Papers by Marek Hladík
Malacky a okolie 15, 2022
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GeoScience Engineering, 67(4), 2021
The paper presents the possibilities of specific use of a simple geophysical method in the condit... more The paper presents the possibilities of specific use of a simple geophysical method in the conditions of an ongoing archaeological excavation. It demonstrates an effective (i.e., quick, inexpensive, and beneficial) method that greatly enhances the knowledge gained from archaeological context analysis and thus contributes to a more accurate interpretation of the excavated portion of the historic strata. For example, field measurements of magnetic susceptibility can help to correctly interpret the genesis of individual layers, to distinguish individual phases in a visually indistinguishable stratum, or to indicate layers (and stone walls) that have undergone heating, etc. A detailed geophysical measurement of magnetic susceptibility was carried out on a section with archaeologically excavated relics of fortifications on the outskirts of the early medieval Mikulčice – Valy hillfort and the results were then critically confronted with the archaeological interpretation. This mutual multidisciplinary approach is also methodologically significant. Geophysics reveals certain information that is invisible to the archaeologist's eye, and may provide important clues to the correct interpretation of the archaeological context. Archaeological research, in turn, provides more precise information on the reasons and possible source of changes in magnetic susceptibility values of different layers and materials.
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Books by Marek Hladík
V předkládaném pátém svazku ediční řady Mikulčice-průvodce se čtenář postupně seznámí s nejlépe prozkoumanými velkomoravskými sídlišti a pohřebišti v okolí Mikulčic, a to v rámci abecedně uspořádaných katastrálních území na české i slovenské straně řeky Moravy. Ještě předtím – v úvodu knihy – se pozornost upře k historické krajině a vývoji bádání od jeho počátků v minulém století až po aplikaci moderních archeologických metod v rámci takzvané krajinné a prostorové archeologie. V závěru knihy čtenář najde interpretační modely, pomocí nichž lze názorně vysvětlit hlavní rysy hospodářských a sociálních vztahů mikulčického centra s jeho hospodářským zázemím.
The book provides a brief overview of the most important archeological sites of the 9th century in the immediate vicinity of the Slavic fortified settlement in Mikulčice. Mikulčice „Valy“ - the leading center of Great Moravia - has been researched by the staff of the Archaeological Institute of Brno of the Academy of Sciences since 1954. Archaeological research of unfortified settlements and burial grounds provides information for understanding the whole Great Moravian society, especially its socio-economic structure. In the book, the reader will gradually get acquainted with the best-explored Great Moravian settlements and burial grounds in the vicinity of Mikulčice, within the alphabetically arranged cadastral areas on the Czech and Slovak side of the Morava River. Even before that - in the introduction to the book - attention is focused on the historical landscape and the development of research from its beginnings in the last century to the application of modern archaeological methods in the so-called landscape and spatial archeology. At the end of the book, the reader will find interpretive models, which can be used to clearly explain the main patterns of economic and social relations of the center of Mikulčice with its economic hinterland.
Práce zkoumá fenomén úprav hrobových jam a dřevěných konstrukcí ve velkomoravských hrobech pocházejících z pohřebišť ležících v okolí významných center jako Mikulčice a Pohansko, jakož i z pohřebišť v periferních oblastech (severní Morava). Cílem je popsat a rekonstruovat podobu dřevěných konstrukcí a předložit teoretický model sociálních a ekonomických vztahů jedinců pohřbených v jednotlivých typech hrobových konstrukcí, posoudit ekonomický či religiózní význam dřevěných konstrukcí, jakož i o výpovědní hodnotu tohoto fenoménu z hlediska chronologie. Kromě základní kategorizace a kvantifikace úprav hrobových jam a dřevěných konstrukcí ve vztahu k jiným atributům pohřebního ritu (v analytické rovině s použitím softwarů Dell Statistica a IBM SPSS, v geoinformačních rovině s použitím softwaru ArcGIS) jsou v práci aplikovány nové výzkumné metody, které jsou zaměřeny na matematické testování teoretických modelů. Jde především o modelování pomocí strukturálních rovnic (software IBM SPSS AMOS). V procesu modelování jsou vzhledem k charakteru dat, se kterými je pracováno, využity neparametrický testy kvality modelů (bootstrapové simulace). Kromě cíle budovat stabilní teoretické modely, na jejichž základě je smysluplné tvořit narativní interpretaci, je významnou pohnutkou tohoto postupu diskuze o možnostech a omezeních v archeologii dosud velmi často, ale ne vždy korektně, používaných vícerozměrných redukcí analytického prostoru, jako jsou například faktorová analýza či analýza hlavních komponentů. V závěru práce je prezentován narativní model vlastních konstrukcí, funkce (v socioekonomických relacích), frekvence užívání, jakož i chronologie dřevěných konstrukcí ve velkomoravských hrobech.
Book Chapters by Marek Hladík
and bridge No. 1 in Mikulčice in 2012 (excavation B 2012). The main aim of the research was to complete the fi eld
works at bridge No. 1, which was discovered during the large-scale excavations performed at the defunct river channel
in front of the NW gate of the bailey in 1966-1968. At the same time, the question of how the river channel developed
at the site of the bridge was investigated, as well as the topic of the settlement in the wider area between the bailey and
the north-western suburb. Presented along with the interpretation of the movable fi nds from the defunct river branch
were two possible variants on how the settlement developed in relation to the gradual fi lling-up of the river channel.
After analysing the fi nd circumstances in area B 2012, the authors inclined towards the second variant and thus revised
the existing theories concerning the evolution of sedimentation in the area of the extinct riverbed. This has helped to
resolve some key questions regarding the existence and demise of the power centre in Mikulčice.
Papers by Marek Hladík
V předkládaném pátém svazku ediční řady Mikulčice-průvodce se čtenář postupně seznámí s nejlépe prozkoumanými velkomoravskými sídlišti a pohřebišti v okolí Mikulčic, a to v rámci abecedně uspořádaných katastrálních území na české i slovenské straně řeky Moravy. Ještě předtím – v úvodu knihy – se pozornost upře k historické krajině a vývoji bádání od jeho počátků v minulém století až po aplikaci moderních archeologických metod v rámci takzvané krajinné a prostorové archeologie. V závěru knihy čtenář najde interpretační modely, pomocí nichž lze názorně vysvětlit hlavní rysy hospodářských a sociálních vztahů mikulčického centra s jeho hospodářským zázemím.
The book provides a brief overview of the most important archeological sites of the 9th century in the immediate vicinity of the Slavic fortified settlement in Mikulčice. Mikulčice „Valy“ - the leading center of Great Moravia - has been researched by the staff of the Archaeological Institute of Brno of the Academy of Sciences since 1954. Archaeological research of unfortified settlements and burial grounds provides information for understanding the whole Great Moravian society, especially its socio-economic structure. In the book, the reader will gradually get acquainted with the best-explored Great Moravian settlements and burial grounds in the vicinity of Mikulčice, within the alphabetically arranged cadastral areas on the Czech and Slovak side of the Morava River. Even before that - in the introduction to the book - attention is focused on the historical landscape and the development of research from its beginnings in the last century to the application of modern archaeological methods in the so-called landscape and spatial archeology. At the end of the book, the reader will find interpretive models, which can be used to clearly explain the main patterns of economic and social relations of the center of Mikulčice with its economic hinterland.
Práce zkoumá fenomén úprav hrobových jam a dřevěných konstrukcí ve velkomoravských hrobech pocházejících z pohřebišť ležících v okolí významných center jako Mikulčice a Pohansko, jakož i z pohřebišť v periferních oblastech (severní Morava). Cílem je popsat a rekonstruovat podobu dřevěných konstrukcí a předložit teoretický model sociálních a ekonomických vztahů jedinců pohřbených v jednotlivých typech hrobových konstrukcí, posoudit ekonomický či religiózní význam dřevěných konstrukcí, jakož i o výpovědní hodnotu tohoto fenoménu z hlediska chronologie. Kromě základní kategorizace a kvantifikace úprav hrobových jam a dřevěných konstrukcí ve vztahu k jiným atributům pohřebního ritu (v analytické rovině s použitím softwarů Dell Statistica a IBM SPSS, v geoinformačních rovině s použitím softwaru ArcGIS) jsou v práci aplikovány nové výzkumné metody, které jsou zaměřeny na matematické testování teoretických modelů. Jde především o modelování pomocí strukturálních rovnic (software IBM SPSS AMOS). V procesu modelování jsou vzhledem k charakteru dat, se kterými je pracováno, využity neparametrický testy kvality modelů (bootstrapové simulace). Kromě cíle budovat stabilní teoretické modely, na jejichž základě je smysluplné tvořit narativní interpretaci, je významnou pohnutkou tohoto postupu diskuze o možnostech a omezeních v archeologii dosud velmi často, ale ne vždy korektně, používaných vícerozměrných redukcí analytického prostoru, jako jsou například faktorová analýza či analýza hlavních komponentů. V závěru práce je prezentován narativní model vlastních konstrukcí, funkce (v socioekonomických relacích), frekvence užívání, jakož i chronologie dřevěných konstrukcí ve velkomoravských hrobech.
and bridge No. 1 in Mikulčice in 2012 (excavation B 2012). The main aim of the research was to complete the fi eld
works at bridge No. 1, which was discovered during the large-scale excavations performed at the defunct river channel
in front of the NW gate of the bailey in 1966-1968. At the same time, the question of how the river channel developed
at the site of the bridge was investigated, as well as the topic of the settlement in the wider area between the bailey and
the north-western suburb. Presented along with the interpretation of the movable fi nds from the defunct river branch
were two possible variants on how the settlement developed in relation to the gradual fi lling-up of the river channel.
After analysing the fi nd circumstances in area B 2012, the authors inclined towards the second variant and thus revised
the existing theories concerning the evolution of sedimentation in the area of the extinct riverbed. This has helped to
resolve some key questions regarding the existence and demise of the power centre in Mikulčice.
The authors focus mainly on the issue of transformation of burial rites from cremation to inhumation before the origins of the Great Moravia and describe significant changes in the structure of settlement after the collapse of the Great Moravia on the occasion of funerals but also settlements.
paper’s primary objective is to discuss the arrangements of grave pits at the Early Medieval agglomeration
Mikulčice-Valy. They include steps, wooden structures, stone structures and special arrangements. The established
facts about the form, frequency, etc., are then compared with the situation at other central fortified
settlements in Great Moravia (Pohansko near Břeclav and Staré Město – Uherské Hradiště). The second
objective of the book is to critically evaluate the phenomenon of so-called “tombs” at the burial site near
the 3rd church on the acropolis of the Mikulčice fortified settlement. Since the introduction of this term in
archaeological literature by J. Poulík in 1967, these find units have never been comprehensively presented and
their interpretation as tombs with stone structures has not been adequately documented or backed by arguments.
The paper is based on the original documentation of the research in 1956–1957; these find units are
reinterpreted using analysis and comparison of the burial rite attributes of the graves. Based on the analysis
of the find situation, the authors do not consider the term “tomb” as relevant at the Mikulčice agglomeration.
The storage, sharing and security of the data is nowadays a very important and actual problem apparently among all fields of the scientific research. In archaeology, there is an intensive discussion being going on about the limits of the wide open-source accessibility of the data and about the ways how to protect the archaeological cultural heritage. In our lands, so called “server solution” is the most common way how to manage the spatial archaeological data. This way, the chosen data can be accessible to the scholarly and laic public by using selective method of providing the data (hierarchical users´ account atc.). In this paper, we describe the ways of the storage and presentation of the archaeological data, which were gathered within the framework of the research of the social, economic and environmental interactions in the Morava river valley. We discuss the possibilities of saving and sharing the archaeological data, starting with the way of using the local servers, through the possibilities of using centralised cloud environment and ending with the decentralized blockchain networks, which are using complicated cryptic algorithms.
of Mikulcice-Valy. Methodically seen, the work is based on three pillars: post-excavation analyses
of old documentary materials from fieldwork (GIS, spatial analyses, stratigraphy), modem excavations
focused on obtaining as many as possible exact data, and subsequent environmental analyses. Postexcavation
analyses of fieldwork documentation from excavations of the fortification in 1960-1977 together
with knowledge from the 2012 field research aim to answer three basic questions: original dating
of the defensive wall (its origin and demise), description of relics of its functional elements and building
reconstruction, and identification of events which induced the build-up and subsequent demise of this
structure. The results of analyses performed provide a base for discussion about the hypotheses of chronology
and construction of the defensive wall, which were published by Z. Klanica, J. Poulik and B. Kavanova
in the second half of the 20th century. In the end the authors present an interpretational model of
dating, construction and demise of the fortification in the suburb of the Mikulcice agglomeration.
The application aims to present selected types of historical cultural landscape, which have survived to this day on the middle course of the Morava river. It is not an exhaustive mapping of all historical landscape structures or known archaeological sites. The interactive map presents examples of specific types of landscape relics or archaeological sites. They were dated to the first millennium AD, which is the primary focus of our long-term research. If there are any remains of older structures, they were used in the first millennium on a secondary basis. The presented selection aims to show the diversity and variability of the historical landscape structure, which has survived the events that shaped Central Europe as we know it today, both geopolitically and culturally. Historical landscape research does not focus on isolated sites but on the landscape as a whole. The landscape itself is an artefact – an object of scientific research as well as an historical artefact, which deserves adequate protection and care. The application is a “signpost” with information about the research of the cultural landscape on the middle course of the Morava river. It also provides links to other thematically-related interactive maps, web applications, online books and articles in specialised journals.
Link: https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapTools/index.html?appid=95f4ba3021f24e4d96859159fd3c5fde
SEM performs quantitative tests of theoretical models. Creating a theoretical model is one of the most challenging research steps. We first performed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and we used its bootstrapping algorithms to simulate missing data. The second step was to test a more comprehensive structural equation analysis model. The model combined the CFA with the Path Model.
SEM confirmed many of the findings of the exploratory analyses and the validity of the structural equation analysis model. However, the confirmatory factor analysis revealed problems with the reduction of a multidimensional space. In multiple cases, the bootstrapping algorithms changed the nature of latent variables. The application of SEM allowed us to build a more stable theoretical model. The research has shown the potential of SEM when interpreting causal relationships in the past.
SEM performs quantitative tests of theoretical models. Creating a theoretical model is one of the most challenging research steps. In the search for answers to questions, we have used two data sets, which cumulated our knowledge of profane and sacral space of the past. This was a database of component of settlement network and databases of the individual elements of a funeral rite of the selected burials. We first performed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and we used its bootstrapping algorithms to simulate missing data. The second step was to test a more comprehensive structural equation analysis model. The model combined the CFA with the Path Model.
SEM confirmed many of the findings of the exploratory analyses and the validity of the structural equation analysis model. However, the CFA revealed problems with the reduction of a multidimensional space. In multiple cases, the bootstrapping algorithms changed the nature of latent variables. The application of SEM allowed us to build a more stable theoretical model. The research has shown the potential of SEM when interpreting causal relationships in the past.
V úvode prednášky si predstavíme základný rámec diskusie o charaktere včasnostredovekých mocenských zoskupení v strednej Európe (primárne o charaktere Veľkej Moravy), ako aj teoretické východiská, na ktorých stoja hlavné názorové prúdy tejto debaty.
Ďalej budeme prezentovať multidisciplinárny archeologický výskum (okrem archeológie na tomto výskume participuje veľké množstvo prírodovedných disciplín ako archeobotanika, archeozoológia, geoarcheológia, palynológia a pod.), ktorého primárnou snahou je pochopenie a popísanie sociálnych a ekonomických interakcií na Veľkej Morave.
Po krátkom pohľade na metodike tohto výskumu (od terénnych aktivít až po laboratórne a analytické spracovanie dát) si predstavíme konkrétne archeologické výskumy, ktoré predstavujú hlavné oporné body našich záverov. V týchto výskumoch budeme sledovať uvedenú problematiku na archeologických dátach z veľkomoravských sídlisk a pohrebísk, ktoré sa nachádzajú v bezprostrednom okolí jedného z najvýznamnejších veľkomoravských centier Mikulčíc-Valov.
V závere prednášky opäť svoju pozornosť nasmerujeme na globálnejší obraz o Veľkej Morave, ktorý sa snažíme vytvoriť na základe prezentovaných archeologických výskumov.
The aims of our project are the detection, detailed study and protection of historical landscape features using modern interdisciplinary methods (spatial and landscape archaeology, GIS, LiDAR and geophysics), and to present it primarily through interactive web application.