In the present study, 7344 spring observations of a short-distance migratory species, the Eurasia... more In the present study, 7344 spring observations of a short-distance migratory species, the Eurasian Woodcock, from the Carpathian Basin between 1894 and 1926 were used to investigate the timing of the species’ migration and how different environmental factors influenced it. We used a generalized additive model (GAM) to explore migratory patterns by using environmental and geographical variables. In years when the weather was colder and snowier, the birds migrated weeks later than in years with milder weather. This may be due to the availability of earthworms, which are the most important food for the species. In areas at lower altitudes, migration occurred earlier than in mountainous areas, which may also be due to the different weather. Furthermore, a two week difference was observed between the south-western and north-eastern parts of the Carpathian Basin. This difference is still present nowadays, but the timing of migration has shifted earlier than in the past, probably due to climate change. It would also be important to compare the historical data with recent data to gain a better understanding of the effects of climate change on the migration of the Eurasian Woodcock.
[An Examination of the Reproductive Biology of the European Brown Hare (Lepus europaeus P.) Populations in the Little and in the Great Hungarian Plain], Sep 11, 2024
Background: Despite the dramatic decline in the population of the brown hare,it remains of great ... more Background: Despite the dramatic decline in the population of the brown hare,it remains of great importance in the small game management in Hungary. The decline of its populations was caused mainly by drastic changes in the agricultural environment. Breeding biology is a fundamental pillar of the population dynamics of this species, and knowledge of these factors can help to identify and understand the complex causes of population decline. The studies carried out in Hungary provide us with data based on a rather small sample size, mainly due tothe old literature data, which are limited to a small area of the country.Objectives: The aim of the present study is to assess the breeding biology andcondition of the brown hare populations, to investigate their spatial differences,to study the correlations and interactions of the parameters, and to record theeffects of the detected genital changes on reproductive efficiency.Materials and Methods: In the 2023 hunting season, a total of 162 brownhares were bagged and sampled from Little Hungarian Plain (n = 86) and GreatHungarian Plain (n = 76). The focus of our study was on the evolution of repro-ductive traits (number of placental scars, testicular weight), which we examinedin relation to condition parameters (body weight, kidney fat index) and age classtraits by area. Pathological changes in the reproductive tract detected duringautopsies were identified by laboratory tests.Results and Discussion: Significant differences were found between the bodymass data collected from Little and Great Hungarian Plain populations. We couldnot confirm any differences in the number of placental scars by area and by con-dition parameters. In the female population, we found significant differences inthe number of placental scars only between juvenlie and adult age groups. Therewere differences in testicular weight both by area and by age group. We alsoconfirmed our hypothesis that the reproductive period of the brown hare wasprolonged. Pathological changes in the uterus were found in 5.3% of the exami-ned females, all of which were infertile and all of which were in the highest agegroup of the adult age group.
Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education, 2024
We present a county-wide statistically representative survey with 430 Hungarian school students d... more We present a county-wide statistically representative survey with 430 Hungarian school students demonstrating that students who have trees in the parental home environment show more positive attitude towards trees and wood than their peers who do not have any. We aimed at finding out about the current attitudes of the upcoming generation with regard to the use of wood and wood materials, and also about the question as to whether they would consciously use wood materials in the future. Results show that school students who have trees in their parental home environment show significantly higher scores on the cognitive, affective, and conative domains of attitude towards trees and wood compared to those who do not have trees in their parental home environment. The present study contributes to outdoor environmental education research in that we provide quantitative evidence for the positive effect of the immediate environment of children on the attitude towards wood and trees. The findings suggest the imperative need for further novel educational interventions in school gardens related to trees and wooden objects.
Słownik obejmuje ok. 700 leksemów, które należą do grupy germanizmów uwzględnionych w wielu glosa... more Słownik obejmuje ok. 700 leksemów, które należą do grupy germanizmów uwzględnionych w wielu glosariuszach i słownikach współczesnego (regio)lektu śląskiego. Okazuje się, że duża liczba z nich jest nadal używana, jednak równie wiele już nie. Słownik sklada się z czterech części: pierwsza ma układ alfabetyczny, druga część jest uporządkowana według frekwencji. W trzeciej części przedstawiono różnice między poszczególnymi regionami, a czwarta zawiera informacje o etymologii, czyli podano wyrazy niemieckie, od których pochodzą śląskie germanizmy (co w niektórych przypadkach stwarzało spore problemy).Bundesbeauftragten für Kultur und Medien der Regierung der Bundesrepublik Deutschlan
Morphometric characteristics of Eurasian woodcock collected during spring hunting (March) in Hung... more Morphometric characteristics of Eurasian woodcock collected during spring hunting (March) in Hungary between 2010 and 2014 were investigated to evaluate the accuracy of methods for determining the sex of live birds. We analysed the size dimorphism of biometric traits by sex, age, and sex and age, with sex determination (n = 13,226) performed by destructive methods and age determination based on wing examination (n = 8,905). Using the minimal important differences (MID) method, we demonstrated that, during spring migration, adult females have significantly greater mass and bill length than juvenile females and adult males, as well as a significant difference in body length compared to juvenile females. No biologically relevant differences were demonstrated between the sexes or age classes for other morphometric parameters. Conditional inference trees were applied to test whether body size parameters could be used to separate the age and sex of individuals. Based on posterior probabilities (55.4%), we suggest that biometric parameters no longer provide a sufficiently reliable method to separate age classes during the spring migration. Separation of sexes showed the best results for adult birds, with bill length (85.4%) and body mass (85.2%) proving the best predictors. The inclusion of additional morphometric variables (tarsus, tail, body and wing length) in the model did not increase the reliability of sex segregation, confirming the results obtained using MID, i.e. that there is no statistically verifiable biologically relevant difference between adult male and female birds for these parameters. A methodological innovation in this study was using MIDs for comparisons to determine biological thresholds for differences, the procedure helping to exclude Type I errors and determine biological significance.
A dolgozat az egy- és kétirányú viszonyt kódoló szerkezetek feldolgozásával foglalkozik. A kétirá... more A dolgozat az egy- és kétirányú viszonyt kódoló szerkezetek feldolgozásával foglalkozik. A kétirányú (szimmetrikus) komitatív konstrukciók olyan eseményeket írnak le, amelyekben a két szereplő ugyanolyan mértékben érintett (példáulJános Marival csókolózott), az egyirányú (aszimmetrikus, instrumentális jellegű) komitatív szerkezetek esetén (példáulJános kikezdett Marival) viszont az egyik szereplő ágens (’János’), a másik pedigpáciens(’Mari’). Az önütemezett olvasási paradigmát használtuk annak kiderítésére, hogy a két szerkezet mennyiben más mentális reprezentációkat hív elő. Azt találtuk, hogy a szórend függvényében eltér a két konstrukció megértése, illetve az alanyra való visszautalás (anafora) feldolgozása. Eredményeink összességében arra mutatnak rá, hogy az egy- és kétirányú konstrukciók különböző mentális reprezentációkat hívnak elő automatikusan valós idejű nyelvi megértés során. Az eredményeket a szimulációs paradigma (Bergen, 2007) és a szituációs modell elmélet (Zwaan, Ra...
Kiss, Dénes. Emberszám, Fríg Kiadó, 272 pp. 2008. Reviewed by István Fekete, Budapesti Műszaki és... more Kiss, Dénes. Emberszám, Fríg Kiadó, 272 pp. 2008. Reviewed by István Fekete, Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem
In the present study, 7344 spring observations of a short-distance migratory species, the Eurasia... more In the present study, 7344 spring observations of a short-distance migratory species, the Eurasian Woodcock, from the Carpathian Basin between 1894 and 1926 were used to investigate the timing of the species’ migration and how different environmental factors influenced it. We used a generalized additive model (GAM) to explore migratory patterns by using environmental and geographical variables. In years when the weather was colder and snowier, the birds migrated weeks later than in years with milder weather. This may be due to the availability of earthworms, which are the most important food for the species. In areas at lower altitudes, migration occurred earlier than in mountainous areas, which may also be due to the different weather. Furthermore, a two week difference was observed between the south-western and north-eastern parts of the Carpathian Basin. This difference is still present nowadays, but the timing of migration has shifted earlier than in the past, probably due to climate change. It would also be important to compare the historical data with recent data to gain a better understanding of the effects of climate change on the migration of the Eurasian Woodcock.
[An Examination of the Reproductive Biology of the European Brown Hare (Lepus europaeus P.) Populations in the Little and in the Great Hungarian Plain], Sep 11, 2024
Background: Despite the dramatic decline in the population of the brown hare,it remains of great ... more Background: Despite the dramatic decline in the population of the brown hare,it remains of great importance in the small game management in Hungary. The decline of its populations was caused mainly by drastic changes in the agricultural environment. Breeding biology is a fundamental pillar of the population dynamics of this species, and knowledge of these factors can help to identify and understand the complex causes of population decline. The studies carried out in Hungary provide us with data based on a rather small sample size, mainly due tothe old literature data, which are limited to a small area of the country.Objectives: The aim of the present study is to assess the breeding biology andcondition of the brown hare populations, to investigate their spatial differences,to study the correlations and interactions of the parameters, and to record theeffects of the detected genital changes on reproductive efficiency.Materials and Methods: In the 2023 hunting season, a total of 162 brownhares were bagged and sampled from Little Hungarian Plain (n = 86) and GreatHungarian Plain (n = 76). The focus of our study was on the evolution of repro-ductive traits (number of placental scars, testicular weight), which we examinedin relation to condition parameters (body weight, kidney fat index) and age classtraits by area. Pathological changes in the reproductive tract detected duringautopsies were identified by laboratory tests.Results and Discussion: Significant differences were found between the bodymass data collected from Little and Great Hungarian Plain populations. We couldnot confirm any differences in the number of placental scars by area and by con-dition parameters. In the female population, we found significant differences inthe number of placental scars only between juvenlie and adult age groups. Therewere differences in testicular weight both by area and by age group. We alsoconfirmed our hypothesis that the reproductive period of the brown hare wasprolonged. Pathological changes in the uterus were found in 5.3% of the exami-ned females, all of which were infertile and all of which were in the highest agegroup of the adult age group.
Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education, 2024
We present a county-wide statistically representative survey with 430 Hungarian school students d... more We present a county-wide statistically representative survey with 430 Hungarian school students demonstrating that students who have trees in the parental home environment show more positive attitude towards trees and wood than their peers who do not have any. We aimed at finding out about the current attitudes of the upcoming generation with regard to the use of wood and wood materials, and also about the question as to whether they would consciously use wood materials in the future. Results show that school students who have trees in their parental home environment show significantly higher scores on the cognitive, affective, and conative domains of attitude towards trees and wood compared to those who do not have trees in their parental home environment. The present study contributes to outdoor environmental education research in that we provide quantitative evidence for the positive effect of the immediate environment of children on the attitude towards wood and trees. The findings suggest the imperative need for further novel educational interventions in school gardens related to trees and wooden objects.
Słownik obejmuje ok. 700 leksemów, które należą do grupy germanizmów uwzględnionych w wielu glosa... more Słownik obejmuje ok. 700 leksemów, które należą do grupy germanizmów uwzględnionych w wielu glosariuszach i słownikach współczesnego (regio)lektu śląskiego. Okazuje się, że duża liczba z nich jest nadal używana, jednak równie wiele już nie. Słownik sklada się z czterech części: pierwsza ma układ alfabetyczny, druga część jest uporządkowana według frekwencji. W trzeciej części przedstawiono różnice między poszczególnymi regionami, a czwarta zawiera informacje o etymologii, czyli podano wyrazy niemieckie, od których pochodzą śląskie germanizmy (co w niektórych przypadkach stwarzało spore problemy).Bundesbeauftragten für Kultur und Medien der Regierung der Bundesrepublik Deutschlan
Morphometric characteristics of Eurasian woodcock collected during spring hunting (March) in Hung... more Morphometric characteristics of Eurasian woodcock collected during spring hunting (March) in Hungary between 2010 and 2014 were investigated to evaluate the accuracy of methods for determining the sex of live birds. We analysed the size dimorphism of biometric traits by sex, age, and sex and age, with sex determination (n = 13,226) performed by destructive methods and age determination based on wing examination (n = 8,905). Using the minimal important differences (MID) method, we demonstrated that, during spring migration, adult females have significantly greater mass and bill length than juvenile females and adult males, as well as a significant difference in body length compared to juvenile females. No biologically relevant differences were demonstrated between the sexes or age classes for other morphometric parameters. Conditional inference trees were applied to test whether body size parameters could be used to separate the age and sex of individuals. Based on posterior probabilities (55.4%), we suggest that biometric parameters no longer provide a sufficiently reliable method to separate age classes during the spring migration. Separation of sexes showed the best results for adult birds, with bill length (85.4%) and body mass (85.2%) proving the best predictors. The inclusion of additional morphometric variables (tarsus, tail, body and wing length) in the model did not increase the reliability of sex segregation, confirming the results obtained using MID, i.e. that there is no statistically verifiable biologically relevant difference between adult male and female birds for these parameters. A methodological innovation in this study was using MIDs for comparisons to determine biological thresholds for differences, the procedure helping to exclude Type I errors and determine biological significance.
A dolgozat az egy- és kétirányú viszonyt kódoló szerkezetek feldolgozásával foglalkozik. A kétirá... more A dolgozat az egy- és kétirányú viszonyt kódoló szerkezetek feldolgozásával foglalkozik. A kétirányú (szimmetrikus) komitatív konstrukciók olyan eseményeket írnak le, amelyekben a két szereplő ugyanolyan mértékben érintett (példáulJános Marival csókolózott), az egyirányú (aszimmetrikus, instrumentális jellegű) komitatív szerkezetek esetén (példáulJános kikezdett Marival) viszont az egyik szereplő ágens (’János’), a másik pedigpáciens(’Mari’). Az önütemezett olvasási paradigmát használtuk annak kiderítésére, hogy a két szerkezet mennyiben más mentális reprezentációkat hív elő. Azt találtuk, hogy a szórend függvényében eltér a két konstrukció megértése, illetve az alanyra való visszautalás (anafora) feldolgozása. Eredményeink összességében arra mutatnak rá, hogy az egy- és kétirányú konstrukciók különböző mentális reprezentációkat hívnak elő automatikusan valós idejű nyelvi megértés során. Az eredményeket a szimulációs paradigma (Bergen, 2007) és a szituációs modell elmélet (Zwaan, Ra...
Kiss, Dénes. Emberszám, Fríg Kiadó, 272 pp. 2008. Reviewed by István Fekete, Budapesti Műszaki és... more Kiss, Dénes. Emberszám, Fríg Kiadó, 272 pp. 2008. Reviewed by István Fekete, Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem
Tanulmányunkban nemi sztereotípiákkal kapcsolatos empirikus vizsgálatunk eredményeiről számolunk ... more Tanulmányunkban nemi sztereotípiákkal kapcsolatos empirikus vizsgálatunk eredményeiről számolunk be, ahol megpróbáltuk az e témában gyakran használt kérdőíves módszereket magyar egyetemistáknál alkalmazni. A vizsgálatban a BME olyan diákjai vettek részt, akik a hosszú évek óta kínált Nemek pszichológiája c. választható kurzuson vettek részt. Vagyis mintavételünk erősen önszelektált: az érdeklődés sajátos almintát eredményez. Kis mintával szerzett előzetes eredményeinket két okból közöljük. Részben szeretnénk kedvet csinálni rendszeres és reprezentatív vizsgálatokhoz. Másrészt a mai szakirodalom nagyon határozottan felveti az igényt éppen a nagyobb ökológiai érvényesség érdekében az eredménytelen vizsgálatok, a fiókban maradt adatok publikálására.
The article presents initial findings from a research project that aims to investigate to what ex... more The article presents initial findings from a research project that aims to investigate to what extent German loan words are still in use in Silesian today. Over the centuries, Silesian has adopted far more loan words from German than any other dialect on Polish territory. The project focuses on speakers of Silesian and analyses their so-called subjective frequency of usage of specific Silesian Germanisms in comparison with synonymous words in Standard Polish. Nearly 700 word pairs are tested. The estimates of usage frequency are correlated with the respondents’ sociodemographic data and their so-called language attitudes towards Silesian and its position in Silesian-Polish society. The question of how Germanisms are treated is a central issue in the current discussion on the codification of Silesian.
Zweisprachige Ausgabe - wydanie dwujęzyczne.
Der schlesische Regiolekt hatte unter deutscher Her... more Zweisprachige Ausgabe - wydanie dwujęzyczne.
Der schlesische Regiolekt hatte unter deutscher Herrschaft eine Vielzahl von Germanismen aufgenommen. Dargestellt wird, inwieweit dieser Einfluss des Deutschen noch heute sichtbar ist. Das Schlesische wird nur noch von einer Minderheit der oberschlesischen Bevölkerung gesprochen, neben Polnisch. Analysiert werden auch die Präferenzen der Wahl des Kodes und wie diese soziobiographisch bedingt sind.
Pod rządami niemieckimi na Śląsku regiolekt śląski wchłonął dużą liczbę germanizmów. Przedstawione badania pokazują, w jakim stopniu widoczny jest nadal wpływ języka niemieckiego na lekt śląski, którym obok dominującego polskiego, dziś posługuje się już mniejszość mieszkańców Górnego Śląska. Przedmiotem analiz są też preferencje wyboru używanego kodu i jego socjobiograficzne uwarunkowania.
Das Wörterbuch erfasst ca. 700 Germanismen, die zu denjenigen zählen, die in einer Vielzahl von G... more Das Wörterbuch erfasst ca. 700 Germanismen, die zu denjenigen zählen, die in einer Vielzahl von Glossaren und populären Wörterbüchern zum schlesischen Lekt bzw. Regiolekt der Gegenwart berücksichtigt werden. Es zeigt sich, dass eine große Zahl von ihnen durchaus noch in Gebrauch sind, eine vergleichbare Zahl jedoch nicht. Das Wörterbuch hat neben der Einführung vier Teile: Der erste ermöglicht einen alphabetischen Zugriff, der zweite einen nach der Frequenz geordneten. Im dritten werden Unterschiede zwischen einzelnen Regionen dargestellt. Im vierten werden Information zur Etymologie angeboten. D.h. es werden die deutschen Vorlagewörter bestimmt, was in einigen Fällen nicht ganz ohne Probleme ist. Alle Textteile sind zweisprachig, deutsch und polnisch.
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sex of live birds. We analysed the size dimorphism of biometric traits by sex, age, and sex and age, with sex determination (n = 13,226) performed by destructive methods and age determination based on wing examination (n = 8,905). Using the minimal important differences (MID) method, we demonstrated that, during spring migration, adult females have significantly greater mass and bill length than juvenile females and
adult males, as well as a significant difference in body length compared to juvenile females. No biologically relevant differences were demonstrated between the sexes or age classes for other morphometric parameters.
Conditional inference trees were applied to test whether body size parameters could be used to separate the age and sex of individuals. Based on posterior probabilities (55.4%), we suggest that biometric parameters no longer provide a sufficiently reliable method to separate age classes during the spring migration. Separation of sexes showed the best results for adult birds, with bill length (85.4%) and body mass (85.2%) proving the best predictors. The inclusion of additional morphometric variables (tarsus, tail, body and wing length) in the model did not increase the reliability of sex segregation, confirming the results obtained using MID, i.e. that there is no statistically verifiable biologically relevant difference between adult male and female birds for these parameters. A methodological innovation in this study was using MIDs for comparisons to determine biological thresholds for differences, the procedure helping to exclude Type I errors and determine biological significance.
sex of live birds. We analysed the size dimorphism of biometric traits by sex, age, and sex and age, with sex determination (n = 13,226) performed by destructive methods and age determination based on wing examination (n = 8,905). Using the minimal important differences (MID) method, we demonstrated that, during spring migration, adult females have significantly greater mass and bill length than juvenile females and
adult males, as well as a significant difference in body length compared to juvenile females. No biologically relevant differences were demonstrated between the sexes or age classes for other morphometric parameters.
Conditional inference trees were applied to test whether body size parameters could be used to separate the age and sex of individuals. Based on posterior probabilities (55.4%), we suggest that biometric parameters no longer provide a sufficiently reliable method to separate age classes during the spring migration. Separation of sexes showed the best results for adult birds, with bill length (85.4%) and body mass (85.2%) proving the best predictors. The inclusion of additional morphometric variables (tarsus, tail, body and wing length) in the model did not increase the reliability of sex segregation, confirming the results obtained using MID, i.e. that there is no statistically verifiable biologically relevant difference between adult male and female birds for these parameters. A methodological innovation in this study was using MIDs for comparisons to determine biological thresholds for differences, the procedure helping to exclude Type I errors and determine biological significance.
Der schlesische Regiolekt hatte unter deutscher Herrschaft eine Vielzahl von Germanismen aufgenommen. Dargestellt wird, inwieweit dieser Einfluss des Deutschen noch heute sichtbar ist. Das Schlesische wird nur noch von einer Minderheit der oberschlesischen Bevölkerung gesprochen, neben Polnisch. Analysiert werden auch die Präferenzen der Wahl des Kodes und wie diese soziobiographisch bedingt sind.
Pod rządami niemieckimi na Śląsku regiolekt śląski wchłonął dużą liczbę germanizmów. Przedstawione badania pokazują, w jakim stopniu widoczny jest nadal wpływ języka niemieckiego na lekt śląski, którym obok dominującego polskiego, dziś posługuje się już mniejszość mieszkańców Górnego Śląska. Przedmiotem analiz są też preferencje wyboru używanego kodu i jego socjobiograficzne uwarunkowania.